必修四Unit1Womenofachievement語(yǔ)法導(dǎo)學(xué)案

1、必修四 Unit1 Women of achievement 語(yǔ)法導(dǎo)學(xué)案主謂一致 SubjectVerb AgreementTeaching aims:Enable the students to grasp “Subject V Agreement”概念引入：I am a teacher She often does her homework in the morning. There is only one box on the table. There are 50 students in our class.語(yǔ)法講解：什么是主謂一致？ 1） 語(yǔ)法形式上要一致，即單復(fù)數(shù)形式與謂語(yǔ)要一致。

2、2） 意義上要一致，即主語(yǔ)意義上的單復(fù)數(shù)要與謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)形式一致。3） 就近原則，即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語(yǔ)。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，不可數(shù)名詞與可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)用動(dòng)詞單數(shù)，可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)用動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)。 在英語(yǔ)的句子中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)與主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。如何判定，則要看句子的意思。多數(shù)情況下，根據(jù)句子的主語(yǔ)形式就能判定，但有的則要看整句的意思，及強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容。下面我們就常用的、易混的幾種情況作一下解釋。 比如:He are a teacher. I is a student.分類講解一、語(yǔ)法一致原則1、單數(shù)主語(yǔ)，不定式，動(dòng)名詞或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)A student is studyin

3、g English. Serving the people is my great happiness. When we deliver the goods hasnt been decided. When and where we will go hasnt been decided.但當(dāng)what引導(dǎo)的句子做主語(yǔ)，若后面是 “be +名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)隨名詞變化。 What you did is right. What you need are these dictionaries.2、 復(fù)數(shù)名詞、代詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式 All the students _clever. Th

4、ey _English very much. 3、 用and或bothand 連接的單數(shù)名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)及主語(yǔ)從句 作主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 1). Both my father and my mother _farmers. 2). What I think and what I do _been fairly in disagreement. 注意:(1)當(dāng)and連接的并列單數(shù)名詞前有each，every, no或者many a 等限定詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。 1). Each student and each teacher _been given a task

5、. 2). Every flower and every bush _to be cut down. (2)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)由and連結(jié)時(shí)，如果表示同一人或同一物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，此時(shí)and后面的名詞無(wú)冠詞。 1).The worker and writer _(be) from Wuhan. 2). The worker and the writer _(be) from Beijing. 4、不定代詞somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, no

6、thing等作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式; Something _ (has / have) gone wrong with my watch. Anybody who _ ( break / breaks) the rule will be punished. 5、 each of/either of./one of謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).none of/neither of可單可復(fù)，根據(jù)說(shuō)話人的意思決定；*但代表不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，用單數(shù) 1) Each of the students _a book. 2) None of us _perfect. 3) Neither of them _the ans

7、wer. 4) None of this _me. None of this money _mine. *neither作形容詞時(shí)與單數(shù)名詞連用，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Neither statement _true. 6、“many a +單數(shù)名詞 more than one+單數(shù)名詞 one and a half +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)1.) many a foreigner_ been to the Great Wall. 2.)More than one student_ turned up at the meeting. 3.) One and a half bananas _e

8、aten by the boy. 7. Some /a lot of /half of./the rest of./part of/plenty of/分?jǐn)?shù)（%）+ofthe majority of + 名詞”等作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于of后的名詞或代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。1). Two-thirds of the students _from countryside. 2). Ninety percent of the work _ been done. 8. 定語(yǔ)從句中的主謂一致。 1)與先行詞一致。定語(yǔ)從句中主語(yǔ)是關(guān)系代詞who, that, which 時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與先行詞保持一

9、致。 I, who _your teacher, will share happiness and sorrow with you.(am)2) .which/as代替一句話內(nèi)容,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù) As _known, I am beautiful. 3) one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + 定語(yǔ)從句,從句中的謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式; the only/exact one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + 定語(yǔ)從句,從句中的謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。 Tom is one of the students who_ good at playing football. Tom is the only one of the student

10、s who_ good at playing football. 2、 意義一致原則：9. 集體名詞family, audience, crew, club, class, company, committee, party, crowd group, army, government, the public等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果作為一個(gè)整體看待，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式；如果指集體中的各個(gè)成員，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 The group _ made up of nine students. The group_ dancing happily. 注意1：集合名詞cattle, clothes, people

11、, the police表示復(fù)數(shù)意義謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞永遠(yuǎn)復(fù)數(shù).people 民族（可數(shù)名詞，peoples) The Chinese people _a brave people Chinese people_ making our country richer and richer. 2. Population The population of China _over 1.3 billion and 80% of the population_ farmers 10.表示時(shí)間、距離、金錢，度量衡等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，表達(dá)一個(gè)整體概念時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用單數(shù)形式Two years _ passed sinc

12、e I left NingboOne million dollars _ a great sum of money. 11. 有些名詞如：fish, deer, sheep, means, works, species, 等用作單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)均可，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 隨其含義而定。1 This glass works _built in 1978. 2 Two steel works_ east of the city. 3 Every means_ been tried. 4 Many species _ died out. 12. 學(xué)科名詞，或 以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如physics, ma

13、thematics, mechanics, optics, acoustics, politics. statistics, economics, linguistics, athletics等, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用作單數(shù)。 Physics _a fundamental subject in science. 13. 成雙成對(duì)出現(xiàn)的復(fù)數(shù)名詞如glasses, shoes, trousers, pants, gloves, socks, slippers, scissors 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)通常用復(fù)數(shù)，*但如果前有a/the pair of, a/the suit of等詞語(yǔ)修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與pai

14、r, suit等一致，用單數(shù) 1) My trousers _very nice. 2)A pair of shoes_under the bed. 14. 主語(yǔ)是疑問(wèn)代詞who, what, which,不定代詞all, more, most, any, none等以及名詞half, part, the rest等既可表示復(fù)數(shù)意義又可表示單數(shù)意義，其謂語(yǔ)視它們所代指的名詞而定。 1). Which _more valuable, health or wealth? 2).Which_ prettier, these or those? 3). we had some paper, but t

15、he rest _put back. 15. theadj.作主語(yǔ),theadj.,表示一類人，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，如the old, the young, the rich, the poor等,the+ adj.,表示某個(gè)人或一類抽象的事物，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，如the beautiful, the good等1).The old _ taken good care of in our society. 2).The rich _ for the decision but the poor _against it. 3). The wounded _ a young boy. 4). The be

16、autiful _not always the same as the good. 16. a/this/that + kind of +名詞（單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)）作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；如果主語(yǔ)是kinds（types) of+名詞或復(fù)數(shù)名詞of+ a ( this, that）kind時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。即 kind(s) of +n.,謂語(yǔ)與kind一致 n+ of this kind 謂語(yǔ)與名詞一致 The kind of apples _ well.(sell) Men of this kind _ dangerous . 注意 : 由kind, form, type, species

17、, series 等修飾的主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)形式取決于這些詞的單復(fù)數(shù)，而不是他們后面所跟的名詞1). This new type of machine_ now on show. 2). Some new forms of art _discussed at the meeting. 17. 主語(yǔ)是a large/small quantity of +名詞（可數(shù)或不可數(shù)）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；如果是“l(fā)arge (great) quantifies of +名詞（可數(shù)或不可數(shù)）”時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。也就是說(shuō)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞隨quantity單復(fù)數(shù)而定 There _a large quantity of mil

18、k/apples on the farm Large quantities of water /coal/bricks _needed here 18. a number of （a group of , a variety of)+名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；The number of(the variety of.) +名詞復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 A number of workers _out of work. The number of the students in our school _eight thousand. 19. 兩數(shù)相減或相除,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；兩數(shù)相加或相

19、乘，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)，也可用復(fù)數(shù)。 Sixty minus seventeen _forty-three. (leave) Six and eight _fourteen. (make)20. 若英語(yǔ)是書名、片名、格言、劇名、報(bào)名、國(guó)名等的復(fù)數(shù)形式，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。 “The Arabian Nights”_ an interesting story-book. The United states _on the south of Canada. 21.名詞性物主代詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)指代對(duì)象而定 Your shoes are white; Mine _ black. His coat _yellow; Hers_ red. 三. 就近一致原則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定于最靠近它的詞語(yǔ)。22. 由or, nor, either.or, neither.nor, not only.but also連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)，隨后的動(dòng)詞 形式通常按照“就近原則”處理。1.You or she _good at English