非謂語動詞用作賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語

1、 第九節(jié)：非謂語動詞用作賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語 一、非謂語動詞(短語作動詞賓語 1. 要求動詞+ing作賓語的動詞 有些動詞只要求動詞+ing作賓語, 這類動詞有: admit, advise, advocate, allow, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, consider,delay, deny, endure, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, finish, imagine, include, involve, justify, keep, mind, miss, pardon, permit, postpone, prevent,

2、quit, regret, require, resent, resist, risk, stop, suggest, understand, cant help (couldnt help, stand 等, 例如: I couldnt help feeling proud of our country. Someone suggested organizing an outing to the Western Hills. 某些動詞詞組也要求動詞+ing作賓語, 例如: give up, leave off, put off (注: 這些動詞短語均為動詞+副詞結(jié)構(gòu)以及around to,

3、be accustomed to, be used to, be opposed to, devote to, feel like,look forward to, object to, resort to, submit to 等。例如: Mr. Smith gave up smoking according to his doctors advice. Do you feel like having a walk with us in the woods by the sea? Some people in the rich world are opposed to doing busin

4、ess with poor countries. 有時(shí)在形容詞后面也要求用動詞+ing, 例如: busy, worth, worthwhile等。例如: Is it worthwhile making such an experiment? 還有在Point, trouble, difficulty 等名詞后, 也用動詞+ing。例如: There is not much point (in thinking about it. American businessmen have difficulty (in understanding their Japanese counterparts

5、. 注: 在 its no use, its not much use, its no good 后要求用動詞+ing。但是在it is of no use 后則要用動詞不定式。例如: Its no use crying about it. You must do something. Its no good writing to him; he never answers letters. Its of no use to cry over spilt milk. 2. 要求動詞不定式作賓語的動詞 有些動詞后面可以跟動詞不定式, 這類動詞有: afford, agree, aim, arra

6、nge, ask, assist, attempt, (cant bear, beg, begin, bother, care cease, choose, claim, continue, dare, decide, demand, deserve, desire, determine, dislike, endeavour, expect, fail, fear, forget, hate, help, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, like, long, love, manage, mean,need, neglect, offer, plan, pref

7、er, prepare, pretend, promise, propose,refuse, regret, remember, require, seek, start, strive, swear, tend, think,threaten, try, undertake, want, wish 等。例如: Dont hesitate to ask me questions if you dont understand. He endeavoured to adopt a positive but realistic attitude to the issue. Philip polite

8、ly pretended not to have heard this remark. 3. 在有些動詞后面既可以跟動詞+ing, 也可以跟動詞不定式這類動詞有: attempt, (cantbear, begin, cease, continue, deserve, dislike, dread, fear,forget, hate, intend, like, love, need, neglect, plan, prefer, propose, regret,remember, require, start, try, want 等。 在有些動詞后面, 兩種結(jié)構(gòu)之間的意義差別不大。例如:

9、 He prefers writing (to write an outline before he writes a summary. He had really intended staying (to stay longer. 但在某些動詞之后, 兩種結(jié)構(gòu)之間的意義差別較明顯: We must try to solve this problem. 我們必須設(shè)法解決這個(gè)問題。 We can try solving this problem in other ways. 我們可以試用另一些方法來解決這一問題。 I must remember to pay you for the ticket

10、. 我一定要記住把電影票的錢支付給你。 這類詞還有forget, mean, regret等。 demand, deserve, need, require, want 等詞既可以要求動詞+ing作賓語, 也可以要求動詞不定式的被動式作賓語。例如: Johns house in the country wants painting. Johns house in the country wants to be painted. 這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)意義相同。 還有像go on, stop 這類動詞如果后接動詞+ing 則表示繼續(xù)(做某事或停止(做某事; 而如果后接動詞不定式則表示前面一個(gè)動作已結(jié)束或停止

11、, 繼之做另一個(gè)動作。例如: The robot first reads the engineering drawing and then goes on to assemble the parts 機(jī)器人首先閱讀工程圖紙, 然后根據(jù)圖約安裝零部件。 Some students went on working on their examination when the bell rang. 當(dāng)鈴聲響的時(shí)候, 一些學(xué)生還在繼續(xù)做考試題。 二、非謂語動詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語 要求動詞不定式做賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞有: feel, have, hear, let, listen to, look at, make

12、, notice, observe, see 和watch。在這些動詞后面, 做賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞不定式不帶to。例如: Ill try to get someone repair the recorder for you. Electricity makes the motor run. 但是當(dāng)這些動詞用于被動語態(tài)時(shí), 后面的動詞不定式則必須帶to: The motor is made to run by electricity. 在 cannot but, do nothing but (except, had better, had best, rather than, would rat

13、her 。.than 和 would sooner than等結(jié)構(gòu)后要求不帶to的?動詞不定式。例如: I have done nothing except do what I should. 要求動詞+ing(短語作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞有: discover, feel, find, have, hear, keep, leave, like, need, notice, observe, report, see, smell, spot, want, watch 等。例如: Male secretaries sometimes find themselves mistaken for high

14、er status professionals. You can have your tape recorder repaired in the shop over there. 其中在see, hear, feel, observe, watch, notice 等動詞后, 既可以用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語, 也可以用動詞+ing作賓語補(bǔ)足語。前者強(qiáng)調(diào)動作發(fā)生的?事實(shí)( 即動作全部過程結(jié)束 , 后者則強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的進(jìn)行過程(即動作正在進(jìn)行。 Tom saw his parents get into the car and drive off. I saw him making the experime

15、nt. 注: 如果是過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語, 則表示過去分詞所表示的動作在謂語?動詞所表示的動作發(fā)生之前已經(jīng)完成。例如: We found the work completely done. Exercise 9-I Fill in the blanks with proper verb forms: 1. The team really looks good tonight because the coach had them _ (parctise every night this week. 2. We will have you _ (know that the machine has

16、been made _ (work at full speed. 3. The injured man could do nothing but_(wait for the doctor to arrive. 4. You had better _(reserve your seats today if you want to go to the game. 5. We would rather put the meeting off than _(hold it without adequate preparation. 6. She likes to _(listento the rain

17、 _(patteron the window-panes. 7. I would like you _(bring the book which I lent you three months ago. 8. If your pencil is let _(dropto the floor, you can see gravity in action. 9. Suddenly we felt the atmosphere _(grow tense. 10. He was seen_(drive the car at high speed on the highway yesterday. 11

18、. I know its not important but I cant help _(think about it. 12. That place is worth _(travel hundreds of miles to visit. 13. Do you mean _(risk_(catch cold by going out now that it has started pouring with rain? 14. How do you always manage _(escape _(helpto do the washing-up? 15. I cant stand peop

19、le _(shout and _(push on the street. 16. We shall appreciate _(discuss the matter with you again. 17. It is of no use _(argue about it because he will never change his mind. 18. It is not much use _(have a bicycle if you dont know how to ride it. 19. If we go _(camp, we ought to take some food with

20、us. 20. They dont allow_(make noise in the classroom building. Exercise 9-II Fill in the blanks with proper verb forms and then translate the sentences into Chinese: 1. I forget _(collect your homework yesterday. 2. I shall never forget _(gowith you to see the Pr esident. 3. Try _(sitstill in a chai

21、r in a darkened room; you will be surprised how fast youll get sleepy. 4. My sister tried _(cheerme up by every possible means. 5. A party tonight will mean _(work extra hard tomorrow. 6. I meant _(ring you but Im afraid I forgot. 7. I regret _(say it was your fault. 8. I regret _(say you have faile

22、d in the examination. 9. I dont like _(swim today because it is too cold. 10. Tom has lived in a village on the sea and he likes _(swimvery much. 11. We wont have him _(dothe work owing to his health. 12. We saw the machine tools _(assemble, when we visited the factory last week. 13. Did you see Mr.

23、 Chang_(switchoff the light 14. At this moment he felt his heart_(beathard. 15. I want to gent something _(readduring the vocation. Exercise 9-III Choose the one answer that best complete the sentence: 1. Nobody enjoys having a tooth _. A. drill and fill B. drilling and filling C. to drill and fill

24、D. drilled and filled 2. Its no use our _any longer. He may come by any train. He is used to finding his way around. A. to wait B. waiting C. to have waited D. having waited 3. The revolutionary fighter would rather die with his head high than _with his knees bent. A. to live B. living C. live D. li

25、ved 4. I forgot _her that my coat buttons need to be sewn on. A. reminding B. having reminded C. to remind D. to have reminded 5. Its no good _remember grammatical rules. You need to practise what you have learned. A. trying to B. to try to C. try to D. tried to 6. I feel like _to the owner of the h

26、ouse to complain. A. writing B. to write C. write D. having written 7. As we approached the village we saw many new houses_. A. built B. build C. being built D. building 8. Tim cannot but _ his supervisor to help him solve the difficulty he has in doing his project. A. to ask B. ask C. asking D. ask

27、ed 9. Would you mind _ quiet for a moment? I am trying _a form. A. keeping; filling out B. to keep; to fill out C. keeping; to fill out D. to keep; filling out 10. I dont remember _ to professor Brown during my last visit to Harvard. A. having introduced B. having been introduced C. to have introduc

28、ed D. to have been introduced 11. Why did you leave the meeting early? I found the discussion _. A. boring B. bored C. bore D. boredom 12. The electric shaver needs _before it can be used. A. repairing B. to repair C. being repaired D. to be repairing 13. I did not mean _anything, but those apples looked so good I couldnt resist_one. A. to eat; trying B. to eat; to trying C. eating; to try