山東大學(xué)Alevelunit5答案

1、1.Section A: Give the synonym of the following words. You can find the answers in the suggested paragraphs in the brackets.A British anthropologist and primatologist, Jane Goodall is the worlds leading authority on chimpanzees. Goodall is famous for her work among the chimpanzees of Gombe and for he

2、r efforts to raise awareness about the plight of both wild and captive chimpanzees. She is the founder of the Jane Goodall Institute as well as the Roots & Shoots education and activism program for young people. She is the author of numerous books including My Life with theChimpa nzees. In the Shado

3、w of Man, and Reas on for Hope. Goodall is a former protg eof famedepaleontologist Louis Leakey.Valerie Jane Morris-Goodall was born 3 April 1934 in London, England. As a toddler she received a toy chimpanzee; although family friends feared it would give her nightmares, young Jane loved it dearly an

4、d it became a frequent companion. As she grew she became fascinated with animals and with the natural world. She loved to climb trees, often sitting in them to read. Favorite books included the Tarzan by Edgar Rice Burroughs, Rudyard Kiplings Jungle Book, and The Story of Doctor Dolittle. She soon w

5、as obsessed with the dream of travelling to Africa to live with wild animals.Goodall recalls that her mother was in general highly supportive of her passion for animals. On one occasion a frantic family search, involving the police, revealed young Jane crouched down hiding in the hen house, where sh

6、e had been for long hours, just so she could find out how the chickens laid their eggs. Rather than scolding her, her mother knelt down and explained to her more about the process. Many years later, when Goodall set out to begin her primate studies, stuffy English officials objected to a young Engli

7、shwoman travelling into the jungles alone. Janes mother agreed to act as escort, subjecting herself to malaria, wild animals, and countless nights in a tent all to support her daughters career.The other great influence on Goodall was anthropologist Louis Leakey. Already well established in the scien

8、tific community for his famous work at Olduvai Gorge, Leakey was impressed by Goodalls knowledge of animals and of Africa. On top of this, shed been to secretarial school, making her the ideal assistant. She worked as his secretary at museum in Kenya, and she also accompanied him and Mary Leakey on

9、numerous excursions to hunt for fossils. Leakey was impressed with her careful fieldwork, and he became convinced that she was the perfect person to take on a project hed long had in mind: a field study of chimpanzees. Naturally, Goodall was receptive.In spite of government objections, and the grumb

10、ling of some of Leakeys colleagues, the young Englishwoman made her way into the jungles around Lake Tanzania (then Lake Tanlganyika), with her mother in tow. The pair lived in a little tent roofed with straw, and Goodall waited for thechimpanzees to become accustomed to her presence. She recalled L

11、eakeys advice that if she were calm and meant no harm to the animals they would sense it, would not harm her. Goodall found a profound peace in the jungle: sitting quietly evolved into a form of meditation, and she began to sense some great power, whose presence was more noticeable there than in the

12、 cities stuffed with people. Over time, the chimps became sufficiently used to her presence that she could creep closer, no longer needing binoculars to observe them. With this advance she began to make field observations that soon revolutionized the field of primatology.Among Goodalls more signific

13、ant discoveries were the close-knit social ties and complex relationships within chimpanzee groups, maintained by networks of grooming and food sharing. She noted that the powerful loving bonds between mothers and their offspring, and laterally among siblings, created mother-centered groupings. Thes

14、e, along with sex, food sharing and grooming, were the glue of chimpanzee society. Goodall has also observed chimpanzees hunting pigs and other moderately sized anim als and warfare between rival “ tribes ” . But by far, the most stunning discovery of all was her observation of“ tool ” use among chi

15、mpanzees. Prior to her workit had been asserted that humans were the only creatures that used tools. But when Goodall repeatedly observed chimps searching for“ the perfect twig” , then stripping it of leaves, patientlydipping it into mounds and withdrawing it to consume termites, she knew she was se

16、eing tool use.Goodalls Gombe Stream Research Centre is still active today, some forty years after its founding, and is still yielding new information. It has spawned additional research among other populations of wild chimpanzees, as well as among other primates and other great apes as well. Most no

17、table here is the work on gorillas carried out by the late Dian Fossey and with orangutans by Dr. Birut Galdikas. Nonetheless, the station at Gombe has also drawn a certain amount of criticism, a fact which Goodall readily acknowledges. For example, it is now understood that creating a permanent fee

18、ding station (for observation) has changed both patterns of food foraging among Gombe chimpanzees as well as their social relationships. Studies carried out with other wild chimp populations (untainted by feeding station arrangements, etc.) have shown that the Gombe situation has actually drawn out

19、higher levels of aggressive behavior there than is normal. Thus some observations at Gombe may have skewed our understanding of” chim“p btyephiacvailor.Since 1986, when it became clear that poaching and habitat destruction were increasing at an alarming rate, Goodall has spent less and less time at

20、Gombe. She has become a tireless lecturer within the United States and elsewhere, advocating not only for habitat preservation and tougher poaching laws, but also for more human treatment of chimpanzees in captivity, within both the medical and entertainment settings. The Jane Goodall Institute for

21、Wildlife Research, Education and Conservation, which she established in 1977, has become an important part of these efforts. The Institute has established impressive programs in Africa, involving local people in community-centered conservation and development. Another offshoot of the Institute, Good

22、alls Roots & Shoots program, works to foster environmentalism and peace consciousness among the worlds children. Roots & Shoots is now located in more than 70 nations, including the U.S. andCanada.Now in her 70s, Goodall still sees many years of work ahead. Both her aunt and her mother lived well in

23、to their 90s, and she sees no reason why she shouldnt do the same. Her work thus far has been honored by scientists and heads of state alike. Included among her many awards and acknowledges are the National Geographic Societys Hubbard Medal, Japans prestigious Kyoto Prize, and the Gandhi/King Award

24、for Nonviolence. She was named a United Nations“ Messengof Peace ” in 2002. In 2003 Queen Elizabeth II named her a Dame of the British Empire. Goodalls many books and documentaries have made her so recognizable within popular culture that she has appeared as herself in the animated Wild Thornberrys

25、film and has been the butt of at least one Gary Larson Far Side cartoon.Naturally, being such a public figure presents its own challenges. Goodall struggles with the handicap of prosopagnosia, a condition that makes it very difficult (sometimes impossible) to recognize the faces of those one has alr

26、eady met. Goodall suffered in silence for many years, struggling to smooth over the unintended hurt feelings it caused, until she learned that other people have the same condition and became familiar with its scientific name. Her younger sister, Judy, has the condition as well. Fortunately for Gooda

27、ll, the condition did not prevent her from identifying the various chimpanzees she studied. The apparent reason: chimpanzees do not change their hairstyles, change outfits, or suddenly appear wearing a hat and sunglasses. Their appearance remains steady over time, and thus Goodall was able to tell o

28、ne from the other with greater ease than she could distinguish fellow humans.On a different track entirely, Goodalls public stature made her the darling of Bigfoot believers everywhere when she announced that she saw no reason why such creatures couldnt exist. In 2003, a symposium at the Willow Cree

29、k-China Flat Museum in northern California hoped to stage a major coup by having Goodall appear to speak directly on this topic. Goodall unfortunately had to cancel her appearence due to conservation developments in the Congo. She instead participated in a videotaped interview which aired at the sym

30、posium.題目： 1.famous (Para 1)文本： 你的答案 : famed 正確答案 : famed 得分:題目： pany (Para 2)文本： 你的答案 : companion 正確答案 : companion 得分:3.00題目： 3.criticize (Para 3)文本： 你的答案 : scold 正確答案 : scold 得分:3.00題目： 4.opposition (Para 5)文本： 你的答案 : objection 正確答案 : objection 得分:3.00題目： 5.important (Para 6)文本： 你的答案 : significant

31、 正確答案 : significant 得分:3.00題目： 6.produce (Para 7)文本： 你的答案 : yield 正確答案 : yield 得分:題目： 7.strict (Para 8)文本： 你的答案 : tough 正確答案 : tough 得分:3.00題目： 8.recognize (Para 10)文本： 你的答案 :identify 正確答案 : identify 得分: 3.002.Section B: Fill in the blanks with words or phrases from the box. Change the form where ne

32、cessary.題目： 1.Employees in this company can expect to be moved to different departmentsto gain experience.文本： 你的答案 : laterally 正確答案 : laterally 得分: 2.50題目： 2.Ever since he dyed his hair blue, he has been the of several jokes.文本： 你的答案 : butt 正確答案 : butt 得分:2.50題目： 3.The television pictures brought ho

33、me to us all the of the refugees.文本：你的答案 : plight 正確答案 : plight 得分:2.50題目： 4.You can see the Egyptian pyramids from space with a pair of . They are alittle difficult to pick out with just your eyes.文本： 你的答案 : binoculars 正確答案 : binoculars 得分:3.00題目： 5.These assumptions about Communism American foreig

34、n policy for decades.文本： 你的答案 : skewed 正確答案 : skewed 得分:2.50題目： 6.He is with football and talks about nothing else.文本： 你的答案 : obsessed 正確答案 : obsessed 得分:2.50題目： 7.She drew up a grandiose statement of what her organization should to achieve.文本： 你的答案 : set out 正確答案 : set out 得分:2.50題目： 8.He that nucl

35、ear power was a safe and non-polluting energy source.文本： 你的答案 : asserted 正確答案 : asserted 得分:2.50題目： 9.Watching sport was the most popular activity on Saturday afternoons.文本： 你的答案 : by far 正確答案 : by far 得分:2.50題目： 10.A very family should support one another through thick and thin.文本： 你的答案 : close-kni

36、t 正確答案 : close-knit 得分:2.50題目： 11.The childs parents were when she did not return home on time.文本： 你的答案 : frantic 正確答案 : frantic 得分:2.50題目： 12.Lewis was a small man with a body like a , making him seem frail and halfstarved.文本： 你的答案 : twig 正確答案 : twig 得分:3.003.Section C: Choose the best word or phra

37、se to fill in each blank.Isaac Newton is one of the greatest names in the history of human thought. Albert Einstein, the American genius credited for many life-changing discoveries, once praised Sir Isaac by stating that his own work would have been impossible (1) the discoveries of Newton.Newton wa

38、s born on Christmas Day, 1642 in Woolsthorpe, Lincolnshire, UK. His father died before he was born and his mother remarried (2) him in the care of his grandmother.Young Isaac was not an exceptional student. At the age of fourteen he was forced to leave school to help his mother (3) farming. Isaac sp

39、ent much of his time on the farm reading andended up (4) to school. In June of 1661, at the bidding of an uncle, Newton beganfurthering his education at Cambridge.Newton was responsible for discovering many outstanding scientific and mathematical concepts.Legend has (5) that the fall of an apple (6) the (7) of thought that (8) to the law of gravitation. As professor of mathematics at Cambridge he worked on his famous Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica, (9) supplied a complete (10) of the law of gravitation. This law explained celestial motions