初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法2(朗朗家教)

1、 (文章來(lái)源：上海朗朗家教)Chapter II.主謂一致主謂一致是指主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞間在人稱和數(shù)量上要保持一致，即：主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)也要用單數(shù)形式；主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)也要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。這種一致性常表現(xiàn)為三大一致性原則：語(yǔ)法層面的一致性、意義層面的一致性以及就近原則。一. 語(yǔ)法層面的一致性：1.單數(shù)名詞、不可數(shù)名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式（to do）、動(dòng)名詞（doing）以及主語(yǔ)從句充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。 A horse is a useful animal. Water plays an important role in our daily life. Seeing is believing.

2、 To climb to the top of the mountain is not easy. What he said seems reasonable.2.主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，其謂語(yǔ)也要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Horses are useful animals. The police have caught the robbers.3.由and或bothand連接的并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Both Tom and Kitty do well in sll subjects. A boy and a girl are going to take part in the competition.

3、Notice:如果and連接的兩個(gè)名詞共用一個(gè)冠詞時(shí)，表示同一個(gè)人、事物，謂語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)。A dancer and a singer are coming to our evening party. (一位舞者和一位歌手，共兩人)A dancer and singer is coming to our evening party. ( 一位能歌善舞的人，指一人)由and連接的并列主語(yǔ)前有each, every,no修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)。 Every boy and every girl wishes to come to the party.4.由many a ,more than one修飾的

4、名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)。 Many a student has realized the importance of learning a foreign language. More than one teacher is going to work in the countryside for 2 years.5.as well as, besides, but, except, like, no less than, with, along with, together with等跟在主語(yǔ)后，這些詞組后的名詞或代詞并不看作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)仍跟這些詞組前的主語(yǔ)保持一致。有些人將這一現(xiàn)象成為“

5、就遠(yuǎn)原則”。 A PE teacher，as well as many students, is in the playground.Many students，as well as a PE teacher, are in the playground.6.“分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞/代詞”、“百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞/代詞”及half, part, rest等引起的詞組作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于該名詞是否可數(shù)。 Three quarters of the earths surface is covered by water. Two thirds of the students in my class are b

6、oys. Half of the bulidings in the earthquake area were damaged. Eighty percent of the project has been done.7.clothes, shoes, trousers, scissors等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。 Her clothes are all brand names. The shoes are too expensive for me to afford.Notice:若這些詞前加了單數(shù)的量詞 a pair of, this pair of等修飾，其后謂語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)。 This pai

7、r of shoes fits you.8.“a number of+名詞” 和“the number of+名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)形式是不同的。 “a number of+名詞”表示“一些”，后接復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)。 A number of workers have gone to work in big cities.“the number of+名詞”表示“的數(shù)量”，關(guān)鍵詞在“數(shù)量”，故其后接單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)。 The number of students in our school is increasing year after year.9.在here和there引起的倒裝句中，謂語(yǔ)與其后的主語(yǔ)保持一致

8、。 There goes the bell. Here come the children.10.neither, either, each及some, any, no, every等構(gòu)成的不定代詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù)形式。 Someone is waiting for you at the school gate. Nothing is new on todays paper. Neither of the answers is right.11.在定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞that,those, who, which等作主語(yǔ)，其后謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與主句中先行詞的數(shù)保持一致。 That who d

9、rives after drinking wine is to be punished. Those who like singing may lead an optimistic life. 二意義層面的一致：1.某些以s結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞，如：physics, mathematics(maths)，economics，politics屬于形復(fù)意單，它們作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 Economics is a difficult subject.2.以s結(jié)尾的專有名詞，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)視以下情況區(qū)別對(duì)待： 國(guó)家、機(jī)構(gòu)名，如：the United States, the United Nations

10、等，作為單一政治實(shí)體，后接單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)。 The United Nations is founded in 1945.書(shū)籍、報(bào)紙雜志名，如：the Arabian Nights等，也后接單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)。 The Arabian Nights contains lots of interesting stories.群島、山脈、海峽、瀑布等地理名稱，后接謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。 The falls are full of salmon.3.復(fù)數(shù)名詞及短語(yǔ)表示價(jià)格、時(shí)間、數(shù)字或度量，視為一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。 Ten kilometres is a good distance. Five years is a lo

11、ng period of time. 100 yuan is enough.4.有些集體名詞，如：audience, class, committee, company, crew, crowd, family, group, government, team等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)由這些名詞所表示的意思來(lái)決定單復(fù)數(shù)。 視為一個(gè)整體概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。 His family isnt very large.當(dāng)作一個(gè)個(gè)成員來(lái)看待時(shí)，后接復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)。 His family are lovers of music.Notice: cattle, people, police, public, poultry等

12、集合名詞屬于形單意復(fù)。它們作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)總是復(fù)數(shù)的。 Are there any police around?5.“the+抽象形容詞”表示一類人，其謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。 The old in Shanghai are taken good care of. The young are very active.三就近原則：1.連詞or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut (also)等連接并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞按就近原則，與貼近它的主語(yǔ)保持一致。 You or I am wrong. Either the father or his children are coming. Neither the students