湖北省澤林鎮(zhèn)澤林中學(xué)2016屆中考英語 名詞語法學(xué)案（無答案）

1、名詞一、 名詞主要考點(diǎn)：1特殊名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)及詞義辨析2名詞的所有格3與名詞相關(guān)的主謂一致關(guān)系二、 關(guān)于特殊名詞的具體考點(diǎn)如下：1容易誤用為復(fù)數(shù)的不可數(shù)名詞：(這些名詞一般不能用作復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù))advice 建議，忠告 living 生活，生計(jì)equipment 裝備，設(shè)備 progress 前進(jìn)，發(fā)展furniture 家具，設(shè)備information 通知；信息knowledge 知識，學(xué)問 traffic 交通流量trouble 煩惱，麻煩weather 天氣，處境clothing 衣服 work 工作，勞動paper 紙，money鈔票 luck 運(yùn)氣，幸運(yùn)2 復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞用于

2、單數(shù)概念，其謂語動詞用單數(shù)。(這些名詞一般為表示學(xué)科或疾病的名詞)、physics 物理學(xué)news 新聞the united states 美國 the new york times 紐約時報(bào) 3、名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化1）、child-childrenfoot-feettooth-teeth    mouse-miceman-men woman-women      注意：與 man 和 woman構(gòu)成的合成詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是 -men 和-women。     如： an

3、Englishman，two Englishmen. 但German不是合成詞，故復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germans；，2）、單復(fù)同形如：deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese  集體名詞，以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，但實(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。如：  peoplepolicecattle（牛） 等本身就是復(fù)數(shù)，不能說  a people，a police，a cattle，但可以說a person，a policeman，a head of cattle,3）、 the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the

4、Japanese，the Swiss 等名詞，表示國民總稱時，作復(fù)數(shù)用。如： The Chinese are industries and brave.中國人民是勤勞勇敢的。二、名詞的所有格在英語中有些名詞可以加s來表示所有或所屬關(guān)系，帶這種詞尾的名詞形式稱為該名詞的所有格，如：a teachers book。1）表示有生命的東西（人或動物）的名詞所有格一般在名詞后加s。           my fathers study 我父親的書房 a. 以s或es結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞的所有格只在名詞

5、后加“ ”。the teachers reading room 教員閱覽室 b. 不以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞的所有格要加 s。the peoples right 人民的權(quán)利 the womens dress c. 如專有名詞以s結(jié)尾，它的所有格一般只加“ ”，但也有加 s 的時候。Burns poems 彭斯的詩d. 復(fù)合名詞的所有格的詞尾 s 加在后面的名詞之后。her son-in-laws photo 她女婿的照片 e. 如果一樣?xùn)|西為兩人共有，則只在后一個名詞的后面加s 。如果不是共有的，則兩個名詞之后都要加s。    &

6、#160;      Jane and Helens room 珍妮和海倫的房間（共有）           Bills and Toms radios 比爾的收音機(jī)和湯姆的收音機(jī)（不共有）  f. 有些指時間，距離，國家，城鎮(zhèn)的無生命名詞也可加 s 表示所有格。    half an hours class 半個小時的課   Chinas industry 中國的工業(yè)twenty mi

7、nutes walk 二十分鐘的路程2） 表示無生命東西的名詞一般與of構(gòu)成詞組，表示所有關(guān)系。      the cover of the book 書的封面        the content of the story故事的內(nèi)容3）“of+ 詞組+所有格 ”（雙重所有格）的用法：在表示所屬物的名詞前有冠詞，數(shù)詞，不定代詞或指示代詞（如: a, two, some, this, that, these, those等）時，常用“of+ 詞組+所有格 ”的形式來表示所有關(guān)系

8、。       a friend of my fathers = ( one of my fathers friends) 我父親的一個朋友       a picture of his uncles 他叔叔的一張照片 （他叔叔所有照片中的一張，但不一定是他本人的照片。試比較：a picture of his uncle 他叔叔本人的一張照片。）      that novel of her little brothers 她

9、弟弟的那本小說三、主謂一致關(guān)系英語中，主語和謂語在數(shù)、性和格上應(yīng)該保持一致，但在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中很容易被忽視，尤其是主語和謂語之間出現(xiàn)插入語，故考試中經(jīng)常考到主謂一致。除了以上特殊名詞謂語有特殊要求外，現(xiàn)將主謂一致的考點(diǎn)歸納如下：1 復(fù)數(shù)原則：兩個或者兩個以上的名詞由and連接作主語時；主語由both and 連接時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。baseball and swimming are usually summer sports.both bread and butter are sold in that grocery. 那個雜貨店既賣面包，也賣黃油。2 就近原則： 由 either or ; ne

10、ither nor ; not onlybut also; or ； there be 等引導(dǎo)的主語， 謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于最靠近動詞的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。not only the students but also their teacher is invited to attend the party.3 就遠(yuǎn)原則：主語， as well as +另一個主語，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于第一個主語的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。my mother, as well as my two brothers, has a key to the office.我母親，還有我的兩個哥哥都有一把辦公室的鑰匙。同例：with;

11、together with; along with; including; in addition to; besides ; except; as much as; accompanied by ; rather than等等4 表示時間、距離、價(jià)值、量度的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)。One hundred dollars is a large sum for the poor .Twenty days have passed since i met her last time. 自從我上次見到她到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)過去二十天。 ( twenty days 這里不作整體看待， 故謂語動詞

12、用復(fù)數(shù)。)5and連接兩個名詞表示一個概念做主語時，謂語用單數(shù); 若表示的是多個不同的概念時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。War and peace is a constant theme in literature.戰(zhàn)爭與和平是文學(xué)中永恒的主題。(war and peace是一對概念，看作一個主題)同例： love and hate The writer and translator is delivering a speech in our university tonight. (指同一個人)The writer and the translator are delivering a speech

13、in our university tonight. (指兩個人)Exercises:( )【2015湖北荊門】1. Would you like to go to the space museum?Id live to, but I havent made (a ) . I ll think about it. A. progress B. mistake C. mess D. decision ( )【2015江蘇鎮(zhèn)江】2. After reading the novel Treasure Island, Paul has more _ than before because of the

14、 main character, brave Jim.A. humor B. wealth C. luck D. courage( )【2015廣東佛山】3. Times magazine says that smart Lego has become one of _ favorite toys. A. childB. childrenC. children'sD. chilgs( )【2015寧夏】4. Listen! Who is singing? Its Betty. She has a sweet _. A. sound B. voice C. noise D. speech

15、( )【2015 云南昆明】5. The mascot (吉祥物）of Rio 2016 Olympic Games is_ good luck.A. the number of B. the symbol of C. the day of D. the color of( )【2015四川德陽】6. Would you like some _? Oh, yes, just a little. A. rice B. carrots C. eggs D. bananas ( )【2015江蘇南通】7. Where are you going to spend your summer holida

16、y, Jenny? I haven't made a _ yet. I'm going to talk about it with my family tomorrow.A. decisionB. promiseC. journeyD. suggestion( )【2015湖北鄂州】8. I always get nervous when I start a(n) _ with others. Take it easy. Believe in yourself.A. expressionB. introductionC. communicationD. celebration(

17、 )【2015四川廣安】9. How many can you see in the picture?Two. A. dog B. child C. clothing D. sheep ( )【2015四川涼山】10. _ fathers didnt come to the meeting. Why? Because they have gone to Beijing. A. Jeffs and Amys B. Jeff and Amy C. Jeffs and Amy D. Jeff and Amys ( )【2015浙江溫州】11. Annie has a _, and she is go

18、ing to see her dentist today. A. cold B. fever C. cough D. toothache ( )【2015山東泰安】12. The Chinese Saying “A tree cant make a forest” tells us that_is very important in a football match. A. abilityB. decision C. teamworkD. experience( )【2015山東濰坊】13. On September 3 there will be some_ in China to cele

19、brate the 70-year victory of the Anti-Japanese War. A. actions B. projects C. traditions D. activities( )【2015山東日照】14. Premier Li said we should speed up the Internet and lower the_.A. money B. price C. value D. service ( )【2015江蘇泰州】15I'm tired out these days.Well, you'd better keep a _ betw

20、een work and play.A. promise B. diaryC. balanceD. secret( )【2015江蘇揚(yáng)州】16. - Finding information is not a big deal today. - Well, the _ is how we can tell whether the information is useful or not. A. courageB. messageC. challengeD. knowledge( )【2015湖北宜昌】17.There are a lot of _ of bike riding. I agree.

21、 Its good for the environment and it saves money. A. instructionsB. instrumentsC. advantagesD. products ( )【2015湖北十堰】18. I am afraid to ask questions because of my poor _. Youd better practice speaking more. A. introduction B. inspiration C. pronunciation D. information ( )【2015河南】19. - Is this phot

22、o taken in Tibet?Yes. You can see beautiful snow mountain in the _ photo. A. formB. backgroundC. shapeD. instruction( )【2010湖北·黃岡】20. - David has been away for more than 25 days -I miss him very muchYou know，25 days shortA. is B. isnt C areD. arent完形填空At the present time, more and more people l

23、ove travelling. It's a very good  21  of gettingto know new people and cultures and acquiring（獲得）experiences. It helps travellers   22   alot. Travel can make our minds become    23  .But travel does more than all that. I

24、t can also make us more creative. In recent years, some professors have been doing research on what many people have already learned from travel experiences. They believe that spending time abroad has the   24  to affect（影響）people's mind. For example, they found that the students who l

25、ived abroad for a longer period were better at   25   problems creatively than those who did not. If you stay in the same place, you can't experience new sights, new smells, new sounds and new cultures. All these can    26   your mind and make it

26、 more active    27   ,that doesn't mean the more places you've been, the more creative you'll become. Another group of professors have been doing   28    research. They found the people who often travelled from one place to another d

27、idn't have enough  29   toimmerse（使沉浸）themselves in a new place and a new culture. They weren't as creative asthe people who spent the time   30   getting to know a place. You have to interact（相互影響）with the places you go to and then you can benefit（得益）from it.If

28、 you go travelling, which do you prefer, staying in a place for a certain period or rushingall the way.( ) 21. A. way B. area C. sign D. state( ) 22. A. present B. produce C. get D. check( ) 23. A. thicker B. smoother C. wider D. healthier( ) 24. A. ability B. possibility Cpersonality D. difficulty(

29、 ) 25. A. solving B. causing C. controlling D. spreading( ) 26A. set up B. wake up C. turn up D. clean up( ) 27. A. Instead B. Otherwise C. Moreover D. However( ) 28. A. secret B. rapid C. common D. similar( ) 29. A. interest B. money C. time D. quality( ) 30. A. nearly B. probably C. hardly D. real

30、ly閱讀理解       Some people have a very poor sense of direction. Unlucky , I am one of them. I have visited a place many times but I may still get lost there the next time.When I was a little girl, I never dared ask strangers the way. And so I used to walk round in circle

31、and hope that by chance I would get to the place I was going to.Now , I am no longer too shy to ask people for directions, but I often receive helpless or even wrong information. So I try to avoid giving people wrong directions. If anyone asks me the way somewhere, I would say, "sorry, I am a s

32、tranger here."Once on my way to work I was stopped by a man. He asked me if I could tell him the way to the Friendship Building. I gave him my usual reply. But just as I walked on only a few steps. I realized that he had asked the way to my office building. However, I had no time to turn back a

33、nd look for him. I was rushing to meet with someone at my office and I didn't want to keep him waiting.When I just got to my office, the secretary showed in the man who had asked me for directions. Imagine how embarrassed I was and how surprised he was when we saw each other at the fir

34、st sight!( ) 36 The writer always refuses to give people directions because            .A. she's a strange to the city          B. she doesn't know the people   C. she has

35、no time to help others       D. she's afraid of giving wrong directions.( ) 37. A man stopped the writer on the way to         .A. sell her something         B. ask for the time

36、0;   C. make friends with her      D. ask for the directions.( ) 38. The Friendship Building is the place where the writer            . A. lives      B. studies 

37、0;    C. works      D. teaches( ) 39. The word "embarrassed"   in the last paragraph means "           " .A. 尷尬      B.困惑    

38、  C.激動      D.拮據(jù) ( ) 40. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. The writer is too shy to give others directions       B. The writer has a very poor sense of directionsC. The writer never got lost when she was y

39、oung.D. The man was quite nervous when he saw the writer.任務(wù)型閱讀A Is there a chocolate - powered racing car in the world? Hey! You have read(A) _ childrens books! But wait! Now, there is really such a racing car in the world. A team from a British university made it. The chocolate powered racing cars

40、engine(發(fā)動機(jī)) uses the waste from choclate factories or vegetable oil as fuel. Its body (B) 用土豆制成，its steering wheel is make from carrots, its seat is made of soybeans, (C) _ its brake pads (剎車片) are made from nuts! Well, can this car run very fast? (D) Certainly! It can go from zero to 60miles per ho

41、ur in 2.5 seconds, and go as fast as 135miles per hour. When the racing car is running , it cleans itself and lets out oxygen. “It took us more than nine mouths to (E) complete the racing car,”said a team member. “The car is really green. You can find many of the cars parts at a farmers market, or e

42、ven in a litter. bin because most of the materials are waste in most peoples eyes. Its fun.” However,(F)this eco-friendly(環(huán)保的)car cannot be driven in the official(正式的)race because of the engines unusual fuel. 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答下列各題。1. 在文中(A)和（C）的空白處分別填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~。（A）_ (C) _2.將文中畫線部分（B）譯成英語。_3.寫出文中畫線部分（D）和（E）的同義詞或近義

43、詞。(D) _ (E) _4.寫出文中畫線部分（F）的同義句。The engines unusual fuel makes it _ to _ this eco-friendly car in the official race.5. 從文中找出能說明本文中心大意的短語。 _BThe giant panda is one of the most popular animals in the world. A giant panda can grow up to 1.5 meters long and weigh up to 160kg. People think the giant panda is very lovely. (1) So it is not surprising that the World Wide Fund for Nature chose the giant panda as its symbol. The WWF tells people about animals that they are in danger and raise money to save them. The giant panda only lives in