主從復(fù)合句--狀語從句

1、主從復(fù)合句-狀語從句狀語從句：在復(fù)合句中作狀語,其位置可以在主句前或主句后。狀語從句可以分為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、比較、讓步、條件等幾種。狀語從句由從屬連接詞引導(dǎo)。時(shí)間狀語從句通常由when ,as ,while, after, before, since, as soon as ,since, till (until), while, whenever 等引導(dǎo)。時(shí)間狀語從句一般放在句首或句尾,特別注意,時(shí)間狀語從句不允許使用將來時(shí),而應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在時(shí)替代。如： When you finish the work, you may go out to play with Sam. (你完成工

2、作就可以出去和Jim一起玩了。) / I wont leave until Mum comes back. (媽媽回來了我才會(huì)走。)地點(diǎn)狀語從句通常由 where, wherever等引導(dǎo)。如：Go back where you came from! (哪里來還滾到哪里去！) / I will never forget to catch the thief who stole my necklace wherever he may be. (我永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)忘記去抓住那個(gè)偷我項(xiàng)鏈的賊,無論他會(huì)在哪里。)原因狀語從句通常由because, since, as等引導(dǎo),一般放在句首或句尾。如：He we

3、nt abroad because his father had found a good university for him. (他出國(guó)了,因?yàn)樗赣H給他找了一所好大學(xué)。) 目的狀語從句通常由so that., so.hat., in order that. 等引導(dǎo),往往放在句尾,從句中通常含有can / could / may / might等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。如：He got up earlier so that he could catch the first train. (他起身更早為的是趕上第一班車。)結(jié)果狀語從句通常由 so that., so.that. 等引導(dǎo),放在句尾。結(jié)果狀語

4、從句一般表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情,故多為過去時(shí)態(tài)。如：He lost so many bikes that he decided never to buy a new one. (他丟了那么多輛自行車,他決定再也不買新車了。) 比較狀語從句通常由as, than, as (so).as等引導(dǎo),一般省略從句的謂語部分,只剩下名詞或代詞(用主格或賓格均可)。如：Jane is much taller than I/me. (Jane比我高多了。) / I dont have as many books as you (do). (我書沒有你多)讓步狀語從句通常由though (although), as

5、, even if( even though), however, whatever等引導(dǎo)。如：Even if you pay the debt(債務(wù)) for me, I will not thank you because it has nothing to do with me. (即使你替我還了債我也不會(huì)感謝你,因?yàn)樗c我毫無關(guān)系。) / He wears a T-shirt though it is very cold. (他穿了一件T恤衫,盡管天很冷。)條件狀語從句通常由if, unless, as long as等引導(dǎo),條件狀語從句一般放在句首或句尾,特別注意,時(shí)間狀語從句不允許

6、使用將來時(shí),而應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在時(shí)替代。You will certainly fail in the coming final exams unless you work much harder. (即將來到的期末考試你肯定考不及格,除非你更用功。) / If it doesn t rain tomorrow, we shall go hiking. (如果明天不下雨我們就要去徒步旅行。)注意 1、because與so；(al)though與but；if與so不可以同在一個(gè)句子中成對(duì)出現(xiàn)。 用來修飾主句中的動(dòng)詞，副詞和形容詞的從句叫狀語從句。根據(jù)其含義狀語從句可分為時(shí)間狀語從句，地點(diǎn)狀語從句

7、，條件狀語從句， 原因狀語從句，結(jié)果狀語從句，比較狀語從句，目的狀語從句，讓步狀語從句。                                           

8、60;                                                 

9、60;                                              1. 時(shí)間狀語從句 (1)時(shí)間狀語從句常用

10、when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等連詞來引導(dǎo)。例如： It was raining hard when got to school yesterday. While he was doing his homework, the telephone rang. As he walked along the lake, he sang happily. He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China. After he finished mid

11、dle school, he went to work in a factory. (2)在時(shí)間狀語從句里，通常不用將來時(shí)態(tài)，用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表示將來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。例如： Ill ring you up as soon as I get to New York. I will tell him everything when he comes back. He wont believe it until he sees it with his own eyes. (3)在帶有till或until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含義是“一直到時(shí)”，謂語動(dòng)詞只能用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如果主

12、句用否定式，其含義是“直到才”, “在以前不”, 謂語動(dòng)詞可用瞬間動(dòng)詞。例如： The young man read till the light went out. Lets wait until the rain stops. We wont start until Bob comes. Dont get off until the bus stops. 比較while, when, as 1）as, when 引導(dǎo)短暫性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞。例如： Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me. 我一剎車，有一個(gè)人

13、向我走來。 2）當(dāng)從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生于主句動(dòng)作之前，只能用when 引導(dǎo)這個(gè)從句，不可用as 或 while。例如： When you have finished your work, you may have a rest. 趕完活后，你可以休息一下。 3）從句表示"隨時(shí)間推移"連詞能用as，不用when 或while。例如： As the day went on, the weather got worse.日子一天天過去，天氣越變?cè)綁摹?比較until和till 此兩個(gè)連詞意義相同?？隙ㄐ问奖硎镜囊馑际?quot;做某事直至某時(shí)"，動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性的。否定形式表

14、達(dá)的意思是"直至某時(shí)才做某事"。動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性或非延續(xù)性都可以。正確使用這兩個(gè)連詞的關(guān)鍵之一就在于判斷句中的動(dòng)詞該用肯定式還是否定式。肯定句：I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜時(shí)醒了。 Wait till I call you. 等著我叫你。（在肯定句中可用before代替。例如 Let's get in the wheat before the sun sets.）   否定句：She didn't arrive until 6 o'clock. 她直到6點(diǎn)才到。   Don't get off

15、 the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽車停穩(wěn)后再下車。 I didn't manage to do it until you had explained how. 直到你教我后，我才會(huì)做。   區(qū)別： 1）until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。例如： Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. 直到你告訴我以前，出了什么事我一點(diǎn)也不知道。   2）until when 疑問句中，until要放在句首。例如：     &

16、#160;       -Until when are you staying?你呆到什么時(shí)候？ -Until next Monday.呆到下周一。 注意：否定句可用另外兩種句式表示。 1）Not until在句首，主句用倒裝。例如： Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is. 直到19 世紀(jì)初，人類才知道熱為何物。 Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had

17、 wasted. 直到工作，才認(rèn)識(shí)到我已蹉跎了幾多歲月。 2）It is not until that 。例如：                It was not until I began to work that I realized how much time I had wasted. 2. 條件狀語從句 (1)條件狀語從句通常由if, unless引導(dǎo)。例如： What shall we do if it snows tomorrow? Don

18、t leave the building unless I tell you to. (2)在條件狀語從句里，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表示將來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。例如： Ill help you with your English if am free tomorrow. He wont be late unless he is ill. (3)“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陳述句” 在意思上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)帶有條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句。例如： Hurry up, or youll be late. =If you dont hurry up, youll be late. Study hard and y

19、ou will pass the exam. =If you study hard, you will pass the exam. 3. 原因狀語從句 比較because, since, as和for： 1）because語勢(shì)最強(qiáng)，用來說明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的問題。當(dāng)原因是顯而易見的或已為人們所知，就用as或 since。例如：   I didn't go, because I was afraid. 我不去是因?yàn)槲遗隆?  Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey. 天

20、氣那么糟，旅行推遲了。 2）由because引導(dǎo)的從句如果放在句末，且前面有逗號(hào)，則可以用for來代替。但如果不是說明直接原因，而是多種情況加以推斷，就只能用for。例如：   He is absent today, because / for he is ill. 他今天缺席，因?yàn)樗×恕?  He must be ill, for he is absent today. 他一定病了，所以今天缺席。 (3)because和so不能同用在一個(gè)句子里。 4. 結(jié)果狀語從句 (1)結(jié)果狀語從句由sothat, suchthat, so that引導(dǎo)。例如： He is so p

21、oor that he cant buy a bike for his son. She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her. My pencil fell under the desk, so that I couldnt see it. (2)sothat語such.that可以互換。例如： 在由so.that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句中，so是副詞，與形容詞連用。其結(jié)構(gòu)是: “.so + 形容詞（副詞）+ that + 從句”。例如： He was so glad that he couldnt say a word. The hall

22、 is so big that it can hold 2,000 people. Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her. 在由suchthat引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句中，such是形容詞，它修飾的可以是單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，也可以是不可數(shù)名詞；名詞前面可以帶形容詞，也可不帶。如果是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，前面需加不定冠詞a或an。例如： It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything. He had such long arms that he could almost touc

23、h the ceiling. He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term. 有時(shí)上述兩種結(jié)構(gòu)是可以互換的。例如： It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again. =The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again. It is such an important match that nobody wants to miss it. =The

24、match is so important that nobody wants to miss it. (3)如果名詞前由many, much, little, few等詞修飾時(shí)，只能用so, 不用such。例如： Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses. He has so little time that he cant go to the cinema with you. 5. 比較狀語從句 比較狀語從句通常由asas, 比較級(jí) + than等連詞引導(dǎo)。例如： Tom runs faster tha

25、n John does. This classroom is as big as that one. 6. 目的狀語從句 (1)目的狀語從句通常由 so that, in order that引導(dǎo)。例如： We started early so that we could catch the first train. He studies hard so that he could work better in the future. We used the computer in order that we might save time. (2)so that既可引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，又可引導(dǎo)

26、結(jié)果狀語從句。區(qū)別這兩種從句的辦法有兩個(gè)：1)目的狀語從句里往往帶有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can, could, may, might等。2)從意思上看，目的狀語從句往往表示的目的很明確。例如： Speak clearly so that they may understand you. (目的狀語從句) Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest. (結(jié)果狀語從句) 7. 讓步狀語從句 1）though, although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，后面的從句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可連用。例如： Although it's raining, the

27、y are still working in the field.雖然在下雨，但他們?nèi)栽诘乩锔苫睢?  He is very old, but he still works very hard. 雖然他很老了，但仍然努力地工作。 Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain. 傷口雖愈合，但傷疤留下了。（諺語） 2）  as, though 引導(dǎo)的讓步從句必須表語或狀語提前（形容詞、副詞、分詞、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞提前）。例如： Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right t

28、hing to do. 雖然是個(gè)小孩，該做什么不做什么，他全知道。 3）  ever if, even though即使。例如：   We'll make a trip even though the weather is bad. 即使天氣不好，我們也要去遠(yuǎn)足。 4）  whetheror不管都。例如：   Whether you believe it or not, it is true. 信不信由你，這確實(shí)是真的。 5）"no matter +疑問詞" 或"疑問詞+后綴ever" 。例如：  

29、; No matter what happened, he would not mind. =Whatever happened, he would not mind. 不管發(fā)生什么，他不在意。 替換：no matter what = whatever     no matter who = whoever     no matter when = whenever     no matter where = wherever    no matter which = whi

30、chever     no matter how = however     注意：no matter 不能引導(dǎo)主語從句和賓語從句。   （錯(cuò)）No matter what you say is of no use now.   （對(duì)）Whatever you say is of no use now. 你現(xiàn)在說什么也沒用了。（Whatever you say是主語從句） （錯(cuò)）Prisoners have to eat no matter what they're given,   （對(duì)）Pri

31、soners have to eat whatever they're given.囚犯?jìng)冎荒芙o什么吃什么。 8. 地點(diǎn)狀語從句 地點(diǎn)狀語從句常常由where來引導(dǎo)。例如： Go where you like. Where there is a will, there is a way. 9. 方式狀語從句 方式狀語從句通常由as, （just） asso, as if, as though引導(dǎo)。 1）as, （just） asso引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句通常位于主句后，但在（just） asso結(jié)構(gòu)中位于句首，這時(shí)as從句帶有比喻的含義，意思是"正如"，"就像

32、"，多用于正式文體。例如：   Always do to the others as you would be done by. 你希望人家怎樣待你，你就要怎樣待人。 As water is to fish, so air is to man. 我們離不開空氣，猶如魚兒離不開水。 Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.   正如打掃房屋一樣，我們也要掃除我們頭腦中落后的東西。 2）as if, as though   兩者的意義和用法相同，引出的狀語從句謂語多用虛擬語氣，表示與事實(shí)相反，有時(shí)也用陳述語氣，表