狀語從句用法總結(jié)完整

1、狀語從句 什么是狀語？ 狀語修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子。 1. Naturally, our grandparents were pleased to get our phone call. 2. We worked hard, from sunrise to sunset. 3. To help my disabled aunt, I spend an hour working in her house every day 4. Seen from a distance, the farmhouse looked deserted. 5. I know how to light a c

2、amp fire because I had done it before. 狀語的位置比較靈活，可以位于句首、句末或句中。 什么是狀語從句？ 狀語從句指句子用作狀語時，起副詞作用的句子。它可以修飾謂語、非謂語動詞、定語、 狀語或整個句子。狀語從句一般由連詞 （從屬連詞 ）引導，也可以由詞組引起。 根據(jù)其作用狀語從句可分為： 1. 時間狀語從句 2. 地點狀語從句 3. 原因狀語從句 4. 條件狀語從句 5. 目的狀語從句 6. 讓步狀語從句 7. 比較狀語從句 8. 方式狀語從句 9. 結(jié)果狀語從句 狀語從句的時態(tài)特點 一般情況下，時間和條件狀語從句的謂語動詞一般用 “一般現(xiàn)在時 ”表示“一

3、般將來 時”，用“現(xiàn)在完成時 ”表示“將來完成時 ”。 I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing. As soon as I have finished this work, I will go home. If he comes back, please let me know. 1時間狀語從句 常用引導詞： when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until 特殊引導詞： the minute, the moment, the second, every time

4、, the day ，the instan t, immediately , directly, no sooner than, hardly when, scarcely when I didntrealize how special my mother was until I became an adult. While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking. The children ran away from the orchard（ 果園 ）, the moment they saw the guard No sooner had I

5、arrived home, then it began to rain. Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble. 表示一 . 就 . 除 as soon as 外，還有三類： 名詞型 the moment, the minute, the second, the instant ； 副詞型 immediately, directly, instantly ； 句式型 - no sooner than ,hardly/scarcely when The moment I saw him, I fell in love wit

6、h him. I came immediately you called. 你一給我打電話，我就馬上來。 I had no sooner got home than it began to rain. 我一到家，就開始下雨。 【注意】 如果 hardly, scarcely 或 no sooner 置于句首，句子必須用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。 Hardly/Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain. No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. 在時間狀語從句中，不能用一般將來時、過去將來時態(tài)或?qū)硗瓿蓵r，而

7、要用相應(yīng)的一般現(xiàn) 在時態(tài)、一般過去時或現(xiàn)在完成時來代替。 When, while, as（ 一邊 . 一邊 .）, after, before, as soon as, since, till /until, time（ 到。為止 , 所在句子的主句應(yīng)用完成時 ） Mozart started writing music when he was four years old. He visited a lot of places while he was traveling. He left the classroom after he had finished his homework th

8、e other day. when, while 和 as 的區(qū)別 when 引導的從句的謂語動詞可以是延續(xù)性的動詞，又可以是瞬時動詞。并且 有時表示 就在那時 ”，when = and then; at that moment。 When she came in, I stopped eating. When I lived in the countryside， I used to carry some water for him. We were about to leave when he came in. While 引導的從句的謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性的，并強調(diào)主句和從句的動作同時發(fā)生

9、 （或者相對應(yīng)）。并且 while 有時還可以表示對比。 While my wife was reading the newspaper， I was watching TV. I like playing football while you like playing basketball. As 表示 一邊一邊”，as 引導的動作是延續(xù)性的動作，一般用于主句和從句動作 同時發(fā)生； as 也可以強調(diào) “一先一后。 We always sing as we walk. As we was going out， it began to snow. before 和 after 引導的時間狀語從句

10、 before 的本意為 “在 之前”，根據(jù)具體語境還可理解為 “還沒來得及 /還沒有 就 著還沒就 ，不知不覺就 ， 才”等。 After 表示主句動作發(fā)生在從句動作之后。 It will be four days before they come back. Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me. My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived. They had not been married four months before they were d

11、ivorced. After you think it over, please let me know what you decide. After we had finished the work, we went home. till 或 until 引導的時間狀語從句 till 和 until 一般情況下兩者可以互換，但是在強調(diào)句型中多用 until 。 如果主句中的謂語動詞是瞬時動詞時，必須用否定形式；如果主句中的謂語動詞是延續(xù) 性動詞時，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表達的意思不同。 I didnt go to bed until （ till ） my father came bac

12、k. It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English. I worked until he came back. 我工作到他回來為止。 I didnt work until he came back. 他回來我這才開始工作。 由 since 引導的時間狀語從句。 since 引導的從句的謂語動詞可以是延續(xù)性的動詞，又可以是瞬時動詞。一般情況下， 從句謂語動詞用一般過去時，而主句的謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時。但在 It is 時間 sinc e 從句的句型中，主句多用一般現(xiàn)在時。 I have been i

13、n Beijing since you left. Where have you been since I last saw you? It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。 It is five months since our boss was in Beijing. 我們老板離開北京有五個月了。 2地點狀語從句 常用引導詞： where 特殊引導詞： wherever, anywhere, everywhere Generally, air will be heavily polluted wher

14、e there are factories. Wherever you go, you should work hard. 句型 1： Where 地點從句，（ there ）主句。 Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible. They were good persons. Where they went, there they were warmly welcomed. You should have put the book where you found it. Where the Communist Party

15、 of China goes, there the people are liberated. 句型 2： Anywhere/ wherever 地點從句，主句。 Wherever the sea is, you will find seamen. 3原因狀語從句 常用引導詞： because, since, as, for 特殊引導詞： seeing that（ 由于，鑒于 ）, now that（ 既然 ）, in that, considering that（ 考 慮到 ）, by the when ，趁 given that（ 考慮到 ）. My friends dislike me

16、because I mhandsome and successful. Now that everybody has come, let sbegin our conference. Considering that he is no more than 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite remarkable. Seeing that you reilready at the door, I suppose I must in vite you in side. Considering he snly sixteen year old, h

17、e is not fit for the job. Given that she is interested in children, I am sure teaching is the right career for her. because, since, as, for 辨析 1） because 語勢最強，用來說明人所不知的原因，回答 why 提出的問題。當原因是顯而 易見的或已為人們所知，就用 as 或 since。 I didn tgo, because I was afraid. Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay

18、 our journey. 2） 由 because 引導的從句如果放在句末，且前面有逗號，則可以用 for 來代替。但如果 不是說明直接原因，而是多種情況加以推斷，就只能用 for。 He is absent today, becaus e / for he is ill. He must be ill, for he is absent today. 3） as 和 for 的區(qū)別： 通常情況下，as 引導的從句在主句前， for 引導的從句在主句后。 As the weather is cold, I stay at home.（同義句） I stay at home, for the

19、weather is cold. 4. 目的狀語從句 常用引導詞： so that, in order that 特殊弓丨導詞： lest, in case, for fear that, in the hope that, for thepurpose that, to the end that The boss askedthe secretary to hurry up with the letters so that hecould sign them. The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the b

20、ack could hear mor e clearly. 5. 結(jié)果狀語從句 常用引導詞： sothat, suchthat, 特殊弓丨導詞： such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that, （such是形容詞，修飾名詞或名詞詞組， so 是副詞，只能修飾形容詞或副詞。 ） He got up so early that he caught the first bus. It such a good chanee that we must not miss it. To such a degr

21、ee was he excited that he couldn t sleep last night. 6. 條件狀語從句 常用引導詞：if, unless, 特殊引導詞： as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in ca se that, on condition that Well start our project if the president agrees. You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying. Provided

22、 that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here. 條件狀語從句和時間狀語從句一樣，從句的謂語動詞不能用一般將來時態(tài)、過去將來時態(tài) 或?qū)硗瓿蓵r，而要用相應(yīng)的一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時來替代。 Tell me in case you get into difficulty. Supposing he does not come, shall we go without him? 7讓步狀語從句 常用引導詞： though, although, even if, even though 特殊引導詞： as（用在讓步狀

23、語從句中必須要倒裝 ）,while （ 一般用在句首 ），no matter ， in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, when ever, however, whichever Much as I respect him, I cant agree to his proposal. The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough. No matter how hard he tried, she could not c

24、hange her mind. as, though 引導的倒裝句 as / though 引導的讓步從句必須表語或狀語提前 （形容詞、副詞、分詞、實義動詞提前） Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. = Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do. 注意： a. 句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。 b. 句首是實義動詞，其他助動詞放在主語后。如果實義動詞有賓語和狀語，隨實 義動詞一起放在主語之前。 Try hard as

25、 he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily. = Though he tries hard, he never seems no matter who = whoever no matter when = whenever no matter where wherever no matter which whichever n matte how = however 注意： no matter 不能引導主語從句和賓語從句。 （錯） No matter what you say is of no use now. （對）

26、 Whatever you say is of no use now. （錯） Prisoners have to eat no matter what theyregiven, （對） Prisoners have to eat whatever theyregiven. 8比較狀語從句 常用引導詞：as(同級比較)，than(不同程度的比較 ) 特殊引導詞： the more the more ;just as , so ;A is to B X is to Y; no more than; not A so much as B She is as bad-tempered as her

27、mother. The more you exercise， the healthier you will be. Food is to men what oil is to machine. no more than 只不過 (嫌少的意思 ) not more than 不如。 (前者不如后者 ) I have no more than two pens. It nso more than a mile to the shops. Jack is not more diligent than John. one of the +名詞(復數(shù)).之一(用于最高級) Han Mei is one

28、of the best students in our school. 9方式狀語從句 常用引導詞： as, (just) asso，as if/though(”正如,就像) 特殊引導詞： the way When in Rome, do as the Roman do. She behaved as if she were the boss. Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us. as if, as though 兩者的意義和用法相同，引出的狀語從句謂語多用虛擬語氣，表示與事實相反，有 時也用陳

29、述語氣，表示所說情況是事實或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性較大。漢譯常作 仿佛 好像似的 They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed. He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting. 狀語從句的省略 狀語從句同時具備下列兩個條件 : 主句和從句的主語一致，或從句主語為 it; 從句主要動詞是 be 的某種形式。從句中的主語和 be 動詞?？墒÷?。 When ( the museum is ) completed , the museum will b

30、e open to the xt year . Hell go to the seaside for his holiday if (it is ) possible. 另外，比較狀語從句經(jīng)常省略。 Imtaller than he (is tall ). The higher the temperature (is), the greater the pressure (is ). 狀語從句的 省略 現(xiàn)象常存在于以下五種狀語從句中 : 由 if, unless 等引導的條件狀語從句 ;what /as 似的 ， public ne 由 although, though, even if /

31、though 等引導的讓步狀語從句 ; 由 when, while, as, before, after, until / till 等引導的時間狀語從句 由 as, as if 等引導的方式狀語從句 ; 由 as, than 等引導的比較狀語從句。 下面針對這五種情形作歸納。 (1)當狀語從句的主語是 it,且謂語動詞是 be 時,it 和 be 要完全簡化掉。 If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty. Work hard when (you are) young, or youll regret. b. 連詞 + 名詞 While (he was) a yo