最新完整全面定語(yǔ)從句知識(shí)點(diǎn)

1、The Attributive Clause定語(yǔ)從句：在英語(yǔ)復(fù)合句中，由關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)，修飾句中的名詞、代詞，有時(shí)也修飾主句的一部份或整個(gè)句子的從句稱為定語(yǔ)從句。它分為：限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的那個(gè)詞稱為先行詞。關(guān)系代詞：which, that, who, whom, whose,as （在句中充當(dāng)成分，可作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)） 關(guān)系副詞：when, where, why，在句中只作狀語(yǔ)。e.g. She is an English teacher who likes singing songs.3J先行詞j定語(yǔ)從句 引導(dǎo)詞（從句中做主語(yǔ)）關(guān)系詞的作用：1引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從

2、句；2代替先行詞；3.在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分e.g. This is the best film that I have seen.I關(guān)系代詞（1）who, whom引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句who指人作主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)（可省略）介詞在前不可使用whom指人賓語(yǔ)（可省略）介詞后不可省略a. What ' s the name of the gWho just came in?b. Do you know the student to_ whom Jane is talking?(不能用 who)(2)that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)不引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)that人或物賓語(yǔ)從句，不位于介詞后。表語(yǔ)a. Here is

3、 the money that/which will be give n to you.b. Do you like the book (that/which) you borrowed yesterday?c. He is no Ion ger the boy that he used to be.（3）.which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句which指物主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)（可省略）在介詞后不可省略a. The build ing which /that sta nds n ear the river is our school.b. The room in which there are a lot of b

4、ooks is a readi ng room.(4)whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句whose是關(guān)系代詞 who與which的所有格形式，用作名詞的限定語(yǔ)，whose指人或物，在從句中作定語(yǔ)。Have you see n a dicti onary whose cover is blue?(the cover of which is blue)? whose經(jīng)常后接名詞，這結(jié)構(gòu)可以用the+名詞+ of+whom/which來(lái)替換，意義不變。也就是說(shuō)，表示所屬關(guān)系,whose + n. = of which/ whom + the + n.=the + n. + of which/ whome.g.

5、 He is an精品文檔whose daughter studies abroad.精品文檔excelle nt teacher,the daughter of whom studies abroad.【練習(xí)】 1. There are in this class 20 stude nts,are differe nt.A. whose backgro undsB. the backgro unds of whomC. of whom the backgro undsD. the backgro unds of whose2. They live in a house, whose door

6、 faces south.=_They live in a house,=_They live in a house,(5)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，要表示先行詞的一部分時(shí)，可用數(shù)詞/代詞+ of +關(guān)系代詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)，如：e.g. There are 60 students in our class, two thirds of whom have been to Beijing【練習(xí)】 1. The committee con sists of 20 members, 5 ofare wome n.2. The book contains 50 poems, most ofwas writte n

7、 in 1930s.3. There are two left, one ofis almost fini shed, and the other ofis not quite.4. I have a sentence, the meaning ofI don' t understand.=I don ' t unde.stand【總結(jié)】名詞/代詞/數(shù)詞+ of +which/whom表示：1)所有關(guān)系 2)整體與部分關(guān)系【注意】關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，要注意幾點(diǎn)：1. whom, which作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞一般可以放在它們的前面，也可以放在從句原來(lái)的位置上，但是含有介詞 的

8、動(dòng)詞固定詞組中，介詞應(yīng)該放在原來(lái)的位置上。There is a room in which you can study.which you can study in.Rose is the stude nt after whom you should look. X/of whom you should take care. XRose is the stude nt whom you should look after/take care of. V2. 只用that不用 which的情況：1) .當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞時(shí)，如：all, everything, anything, nothing

9、, much, few, little, none, the one 等。All that can be done has bee n done.2) .先行詞前有few, little, no, all, every等詞修飾時(shí)。There is no difficulty that we can' t overcome.3) 先行詞被 the only, the very, the right, just the, one of 等修飾時(shí)。This is the very book that belongs to him.This is one of the toys that in

10、 terest the boy.4) .先行詞被序數(shù)詞first, last,等或形容詞的最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。This is the first/best letter that I' ve written in English.5) .當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。They talked about the teachers and the schools (that) they had visited.6) .當(dāng)關(guān)系詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)。China isn ' t the country that she used to be 50 years ago.7) 當(dāng)主句是 以who, whi

11、ch,或what開頭的特殊疑問句時(shí)。Who is the man that is wait ing at the bus stop?What did you hear that made you so angry ? Which is the book that you need?8) there be句型中,先行詞指物時(shí)。There is a seat in the corner that is still free.只用which不用that的情況1) 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。His money was stole n by a thief, which made him very sad.

12、2) .當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前有介詞。This is the factory in which my mother works.3) .當(dāng)先行詞本身是 that時(shí)。What' s that which flashed in the sky just now.4) .當(dāng)關(guān)系詞后有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)This is the dict ionary which, as I have told you, is helpful for you.5) .為避免重復(fù)The book that I gave you just now is about computer scienee which is very impor

13、tant.只用who不用that的情況1) 當(dāng)先行詞是 one ,ones,anyone,those或 people 時(shí)Anyone who breaks the rule must be puni shed.God help those who help themselves.2) 當(dāng)先行詞是I, he, they,you等時(shí)(常用于諺語(yǔ)中)He who plays with fire gets burn ed.I, who am your friend, will give you a hand whe n you are in trouble.3) 在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中，先行詞指人時(shí)

14、。There is a stra nger who wants to see our man ager.4) 在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中Fangfang, who is a writer , now lives in America.5) 為避免重復(fù)或怕引起歧義.The man that spoke at the meet ing is our new headmaster who has just come from Shan ghai.注意：關(guān)系代詞 who,which, that,在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)必須必須和先行詞保持一致。Anyone whos_ over 20 ca

15、n join the army.I_ ,who _am_ your friend , will help you.【練習(xí)】1. This is one of the best books.A. that have ever bee n writte nB. that has ever bee n writte nC. that has writte nD. that have writte n2. She is the only one of the girlswell in class.A. which singsC. who singsB. who si ngD. who to si ng

16、H關(guān)系副詞的用法When:指時(shí)間在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(=at/in/on /during which)Where:指地點(diǎn)在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)(=in/at/to which)Why:指原因在從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語(yǔ)(=for which)I will n ever forget that day whe n I jo ined the party.This is the house where he was born.Tell me the reas on why you were late this morning.【注意】：1. 先行詞是 時(shí)間名詞”如在從句中做主語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，關(guān)系詞用 whi

17、ch/that,作狀語(yǔ)用 when或介詞+ which。 I ' ll never forget the dayswe spent on that Ionely island I ' ll never forget the dayI joined the Party.2. 先行詞是 地點(diǎn)名詞”，如在從句中作主語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，關(guān)系詞用which/that,作狀語(yǔ)用 where或介詞+which o That is the factoryproduces 100,000TV sets a year. That is the factoryhis father once worked

18、.【補(bǔ)充】 如果定語(yǔ)從句分另M修飾point, situation, stage, condition禾口 case等表示扌由象意義的詞，常用where弓I導(dǎo)，意思是 到了某種地步，在某種境況中”，where在從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)。1. I ' ve come the point where I can ' t stand him.已經(jīng)到了無(wú)法容忍他的地步了。2. The country is in t he situation where a war will break out at any time.國(guó)家正處在隨時(shí)有可能爆發(fā)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的局勢(shì)中。3. 先行詞是 reason,關(guān)系詞在從

19、句中作狀語(yǔ)用why或for + which。作主語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，用which/that. This is the reason he told me yesterday. This is the reas onhe was late for the meeti ng.4. 當(dāng)主句主語(yǔ)是 reason時(shí)，作主句表語(yǔ)的成分不能有because禾口 because of。其結(jié)構(gòu)一般為 the reason why isthat ，或者 the reason that-thafe,1）The reas onhe was abse nt washe was ill.2）The reas onhe tol

20、d us for his abse nee ishe was ill.A. why/becauseB. why/thatC. that/becauseD. that/that5. the way, timea. the way作先行詞，關(guān)系詞用：that/ in which/不填b. time表示 次數(shù)”，關(guān)系詞用：that/不填1） I don ' t understand the waythey worked out the problem.2）I could hardly remember how many timesI' ve failed.3）I don '

21、t like the wayhedtes at me.A. in that B. which C. of which D. /【練習(xí)】f This is the reasonhe gave me.This is the reasonhe was late.Ai This is the factorymyfather worked.This is the factorymyfather visited .October 1 is a daywewill n ever forget.I October 1 is a dayournew China was founded.in 介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞（

22、+which/whom/whose知識(shí)歸納：當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)，且該介詞不是和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成固定短語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞可以提前，這樣就出現(xiàn)”介詞 +關(guān)系代詞 "。先行詞指物，用”介詞 +which/whose", 指人則用 ”介詞+whom/whose", 且關(guān)系代詞均不能 省略.1. The pers on _ to whomI spoke just now is the man ager that I told you about.2. The pencil _with whichhe was writing broke.3This is the boss _ i

23、n whosecompa ny his elder sister is work ing.如何判斷介詞1） 、看定語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞與介詞的固定搭配（注意：動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)不能拆開，即介詞不能提前）The gen tlema nyou told me yesterday proved to be a thief.A. who B. about whom C. whom D. with whomThe old man whom I am _ looking after is better.2）看定語(yǔ)從句中形容詞與介詞的固定搭配He referred me to some referenee books _wi

24、th _ which I am not very familiar .3） 、根據(jù)先行詞判斷，所用的介詞與先行詞的固定 搭配He has not reached the age, _at_ which he can marry.4）根據(jù) 介詞+關(guān)系代詞”在主從句中的作用及意義。Water, _without which_ _ man can not live, is very importa nt for us.5）the+名詞+of+關(guān)系代詞1）Recen tly I bought an ancient Chin ese vase,B _ was very reas on able.A. w

25、hich priceB. the price of whichC. its priceD. the price of whose2）This is the boyC _ the bike was stolen yesterday.A. whom B. whose C. of whom D. of whose6）表示部分的詞語(yǔ)+ of +關(guān)系代詞知識(shí)歸納： 此時(shí)，指人的關(guān)系代詞只能是whom, 指事物的關(guān)系代詞只能是which。表示部分的詞語(yǔ) 常見的有：不定代詞 all, both, none, neither, either, some, any ; 數(shù)詞（含基數(shù)詞，序數(shù)詞，分?jǐn)?shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù)）；

26、數(shù)詞 +名詞；the +最高級(jí) /比較級(jí) ； 以及表示數(shù)目或數(shù)量的詞語(yǔ)many, most, few, several, eno ugh, half a, a quarter等。1. The factory produces half a millio n pairs of shoes every year, 80%are sold abroad.A. of whichB. which of C. of them D. of that2. There are many professors prese nt at the meet ing,some are from Beiji ng Un i

27、versity.A. of whomB. among whom C. of them D. among whichIV關(guān)于as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的問題 as弓丨導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句主要用于the sameas, such/soas, asas的結(jié)構(gòu)中。在 same, such, so, as之后應(yīng)是名詞或形容詞+名詞1. We are facing _the same_ problems as we did years ago.2. Some people have no doubt that their cat un dersta nds _as_ many words as a dog does.3

28、. We hope to get _such_ a tool as he is using.4. He is _so lovely a child as is liked by all of us.考點(diǎn) 1: the same. as 和 the same .that的用法辨異.This is the same book as I lost.這本書和我丟的那本一樣。（同名異物）This is the same book that I lost.這本書就是我丟的那本。（同名異物）考點(diǎn) 2: such/so.as和 such/so.that 的用法辨異.This is such an intere

29、sting book as we all like.This is so interesting a book as we all like.【解析】這是大家都喜歡的如此有趣的一本書。（定語(yǔ)從句，as在從句中充當(dāng)成分）This is such an interesting book that we all like i匕This is so interesting a book that we all like it.【解析】這本書如此有趣，大家都喜歡。（結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，that在從句中不充當(dāng)成分）【練習(xí)】1. He is such a lazy manno body wants to work

30、 with.A. as; himB. that; /C. as; /D. whom; him2. Mrs. Black took the police back toplaceshe wit nessed the robbery.A. the same; as B. the same; whereC. the same ; that D. as the same; asas與which都可以引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，并代表前面整個(gè)句子。The elepha nt is like a sn ake, as/which everybody can see.不同的是： as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可以前置，而

31、which 不行。As everybody can see, the elephant is like a snake【注意】1）當(dāng)從句的謂語(yǔ)是否定形式或表示否定意義時(shí)，只能用 whichoHe made a long speech at the meeting, _which_ we had not expected./ _which_ was unexpected.2）當(dāng)從句的謂語(yǔ)后接一個(gè)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)（賓補(bǔ)）時(shí)，只能用 which。He admires every one in the class, _whichI find quite stra nge.3） which引導(dǎo)的從句與主句是 因

32、果關(guān)系或從句是對(duì)主句的評(píng)論，常解釋為“_這，這一點(diǎn) ”，Tom did n ' t pass the exawh ich made his pare nts very disappo in ted.He must come from the north, which can be judged from his accent.4） as引導(dǎo)的從句與主句是 一致關(guān)系，as常解釋為正如.的那樣”,正像.”。女口： as is known to all, as we all know, as has been said before, as was expected, as is said

33、above, as is mentioned above, as is reported in the n ewspaper 等e.g. As is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.【補(bǔ)充】一：定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句區(qū)別和混合1. It is the placewhereLuxun was born.（定語(yǔ)從句）2.It is in the place _ that _ Lux un was born.（強(qiáng)調(diào)句型）二：定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句與前面的名詞是修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系“二二的（名詞）一一”.而同位語(yǔ).從句是用來(lái)說(shuō)

34、明前面名詞的內(nèi)容?與that叢句同位.的名詞必須是一些表事實(shí)或概念的抽象名詞如坦ct, .news, belief,- truth, .reply.等。that-在定語(yǔ)從.句中充當(dāng)成分，而.that在.同位語(yǔ)從.句中不充當(dāng)任何句子成分，只起連接作用。 We all have heard the n ewsthatour team won.（同位語(yǔ)從句，that從句表示 news的內(nèi)容，that 在從句中不作任何成分 ） We don 'believe the n ews _that/ which/ 不填 _ he told us yesterday.（定語(yǔ)從句，that作told 的賓

35、語(yǔ)）三：定語(yǔ)從句與表語(yǔ)從句The placethe bridge is supposed to be built should bethe cross-river traffic is the heaviest.A. which; whereB. where; at whichC. at which; where D. which; in which句子意思：建設(shè)大橋的地方應(yīng)該是過(guò)河交通最擁擠的地方。第一空屬于定語(yǔ)從句；第二空屬于表語(yǔ)從句，而且結(jié)合語(yǔ)境此處缺少狀語(yǔ)。故此選擇where o四：定語(yǔ)從句與主語(yǔ)從句 Asis known to us all, paper was first made

36、 in China.（as .弓1導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，指代整個(gè)主句內(nèi)容，可置于句首.）. Itis known to us all that paper was first made in China.（it. 一 一做形式主語(yǔ)，代替一一.that .引.導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句）五：定語(yǔ)從句與狀語(yǔ)從句試比較： He left the keywherehe had been an hour before.（where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于 in the place where） He left the place _where/ in which he lived for many years.（where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾the place） He is such a good teacherasall of us