羧酸和衍生物_習(xí)題

1、酸及其衍生物習(xí)題1.用系統(tǒng)命名法命名如有俗名請注出或與出結(jié)構(gòu)式COOHa.(CH3)2CHCOOHb.A<oh c.CH3CH=CHCOOHd.e.CH3CH2CH2COCIf.(CH3CH2CH2CO)2Og.CH3CH2COOC2H5/CONH2i.ryj.HOOCC=CCOOHk.鄰苯二甲酸二甲酯H Hm.略s. 苯甲?；鵷.乙?；鵑-甲基丙酰胺n r.CH3CHCH 2C00HIBrh. CH3CH2CH2OCOCH 3l.甲酸異丙酯U.DMF答案:異丁酸Isobuta noic acid a. 2甲基丙酸2 Methylpropa noic acidb. 鄰羥基苯甲酸水酸o H

2、ydroxybe nzoic acidc. 2丁烯酸 2 Bute noic acidd 3溴丁酸 3 Bromobuta noic acide. 丁酰氯 Buta noyl Chloridef. 丁酸酐Buta noic an hydrideg.丙酸乙酯Ethyl propa no ateh. 乙酸丙酯Propyl acetatei. 苯甲酰胺Ben zamidej. 順丁烯二酸Maleic acidk.COOCH 3l. HCOOCHCH 32m. CH3CH2CONHCH 3COOCH 3s.OIIC CH3CH2CH2CO2Hg. Br3CCO2Hh.OIIt. H3C C 2將以下化

3、合物按酸性增強的順序排列：a. CH3CH2CHBQO2H b. CH3CHBQH2CO2Hc.d. CH3CH2CH2CH2OH e. C6H5OH f. H2CO3H2O2.答案:酸性排序g > a > b > c > f > e > h > d3.寫出以下反響的主要產(chǎn)物a.Na 2Cr 2O 7-H 2SO 4b.COCI(CH3)2CHOH+c.HOCH 2CH2COOHLiAlH 4>d.NCCH 2CH2CN +H2ONaOH 一e.CH 2COOHf.g.h.i.j.k.CH 2COOHCH3COCI(CHsCO)2OBa(OH)C

4、H3CH2COOC 2H5CH3COOC2H5CH3CH(COOH)NaOC 2H5-COOH無水AlCl3A+ CH3CH2CH2OHHClH+I.2+ hoch2ch2ohm.LiAIH4n.HCOOHOHo.CH2CH2COOC2H5NaOC2H5CH2CH2COOC2H5P.AOH -q.CH2COOC 2H52+ H2NCONH2 3.答案:c.a.b.+COOHCOOHCOOCH(CH 3)2HOCH 2CH2COOHUAIH4HOCH2CH2CH2OHd.NCCH2CH2CN + H2ONaOHHOOCCH 2CH2COOHe.f.g.OOCCH 2CH2COOCOCH 3h.C

5、H3CH2COOC2H5NaOC 2H5CH3CH2COCHCOOC 2H5CH31.CH3COOC2H5+ CH3CH2CH2OH+H _ CH3COOCH 2CH2CH3+ C2H5OHk.CH3CH(COOH) 2CH3CH2COOH+ CO 2COOHHClCOOHI.m.n.0.P.q.4.a.b.c.d.e.2(ch3)2cCOOHOHCOOCHCOOHCH2OHHCOOH+HCOOOCOOC2H5COOOHNOHNNHOO完成以下轉(zhuǎn)化COOHOOHCH3CH2CH2COOHCH3CH2CH2Br(CH3)2CHOHOOLiAIH 4CH3CH3CONH 2COOH + HOCH2

6、CH2OHAO OAH+ NH3CH2(COOC 2H5)2+ H2NCONH 2O OCH2CH2COOC2H5NaOC2H5CH2CH2COOC2H52CH2OOC(CH3)2C=CH-(CH 3)3CCOOHf.g.HC 三 CHCOOHch3cooc 2h5l.h.i.j.k.m.n.OCH3CH2COOHch3coohCH3CH2CH2CH2COOH* CH2(COOC2H5)2CH2COONH42CH3O rA VOCH3CH2COOHCH2CONH2CH3CH(COOC 2H5)2CH3CH2COOH4.答案:a.OCNHCNOHH + h2oCOOHOHb.CH 3CH 2CH

7、 2BrCNCH 3CH 2CH 2CNCH3CH2CH2COOHc.(CH3)2CHOHd.CHCHCrO3.(Py)2(CH 3)2X0e.(CH 3)2C=CH 2HBr(CH 3)3CBrf.CH3BrAICI3g.H2OHC 三 CH+27 CH3cHOH , Hg2H2OHCNBa(OH)(CH3)2C_CNOhOOOO O2*H2O(CH 3)2CCOOHOhMg(CH 3)3CMgBrEt2OC0 (CH 3)3CCOOH2) H+ / H2O1)加3血匹COOHBr2COOHFeKMnO 4 CH3COOHCH3CH2OHch3cooc 2h5H+-h.HNO3HOOC(CH

8、 2)4COOHi.CH3CH2COOHLiAIH4 一 CH3CH2CH2OHHB- CH3CH2CH2Br gCHsCHzCHzMgBrEt2Oj.V7O+HCH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OHCH3COCH 2COOC 2H5CH3COOHCl2"PKMnO41) EtONa2) CH3CH2CH2BrCH2COOH1ClCNCH3CH2CH2CH2COOHCH3-CO gH-COOC 2H5CH2CH2CH3CH2COOH1CNH3O+濃OHCH3(CH2)3COOHk.OOEtOH+H ，CH2(COOC2H5)2CH2COONH 4ICH2CONH2l.m.QCO2CH3OHCH3CH2COOH+HH2OSOCI2COOHOHCH3CH2COCI(CH3CO)2OOOCCH 3COOHCH3CH2COOn.CH3CH(COOC 2H5)21) +OH_- CH3CH2COOH2) H 3)=5.怎樣將己醇、己酸和對甲苯酚的混合物別離得到各種純的組分?答案:己醇 A已酸 B對甲苯酚NaHCO3水溶液由丙二酸二乙酯及其他必要的試劑合成CH2C00CsH52Mg曲廠©BrCHCHCHs