中考必備語法動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)

1、中考必備語法動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài) 二、 考點(diǎn)跟蹤解讀 1理解動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)在不同語境中的應(yīng)用和結(jié)構(gòu)變化。 2掌握相應(yīng)的謂語動(dòng)詞變化形式和常用結(jié)構(gòu)。 3掌握主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)之間的相互轉(zhuǎn)化。 4掌握一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)以及一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)帶有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法。 三、 要點(diǎn)精講全解 語態(tài)表明主謂之間的關(guān)系。英語的語態(tài)有主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)之分。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語 是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。如： He ope ned the door 他打開了這扇門。（主動(dòng)語態(tài)） The door was ope ned.這扇門被打開了。（被動(dòng)語態(tài)） （一）被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成 被動(dòng)語態(tài)由 助動(dòng)詞 be+及物

2、動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。助動(dòng)詞 be 有人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化: 時(shí)態(tài) 謂語動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) am/ is /are + p.p. （vt.） （及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞） 一般過去時(shí) was/were 一般將來時(shí) will be 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) have/has bee n 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) am/is are+be ing 過去進(jìn)行時(shí) was/were+ being 1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：be（ am/ is/ are）+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 En glish is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的許多人都說英語。 2. 一般過去時(shí)：was / were +及

3、物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 My bike was stolen.我的自行車被偷了。 3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：has / have + been +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 Two hundred trees have been planted by now.至 U 現(xiàn)在為止，已經(jīng)種了二百棵樹了。 4. 一般將來時(shí)：will+ be +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 A speech will be give n this after noon. 今天下午有一個(gè)演講。 5. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am / is / are + bei ng +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 Un cle Wang is mending my bike now. -

4、My bike is being repaired by Tom now. 6. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was/were+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 This road was be ing built this time last year.這條路去年這個(gè)時(shí)候還在修建。 7. 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + be +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 Your homework must be han ded in tomorrow. 明天必須交上你的作業(yè)。 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的一般疑問句，須將第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞移至主語之前構(gòu)成。否定句須在助動(dòng)詞之后 加 not。如： 肯定句： The letter is written in E

5、nglish. 否定句： The letter isn written in English. 一般疑問句：Is the letter written in En glish? （二）被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法 1. 不知道或沒有必要指出誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。如： The bridge was built last year.這座橋是去年建造的。 2. 當(dāng)更加強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)。 此時(shí)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者由 by 引導(dǎo)置于謂語動(dòng)詞之后， 不需要 時(shí)可以省略。如： The room has n bee n clea ned yet.房間還沒有打掃。 （三）主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài) 1主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的步驟 分清主句主

6、謂賓，賓變主來主 by 賓。謂變 be done 時(shí)不變，注意數(shù)格抄其余。 即： （ 1）將主動(dòng)句的賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z。如果主動(dòng)句的賓語是代詞，將其由賓格變?yōu)橹鞲瘛?Bruce writes a letter every week. A letter is writte n by Bruce every week. Tom killed him. He was killed by Tom. （2）將動(dòng)詞改為“ be+過去分詞”。根據(jù)被動(dòng)語態(tài)句子里的主語的人稱和數(shù)，以及原來 主動(dòng)語態(tài)句子中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)來決定 be 的形式。 They held a meeting yesterday. A meeting

7、was held by them yesterday. He has written two no vels so far. Two rhoaVsbeen written by him so far. Lucy is writing a letter now. A lestbeing written by Lucy now. They will plant ten trees tomorrow. Tenwte 鈕 planted by them tomorrow. You must lock the door whe n you leave. The door must be locked w

8、he n you leave. （3）將主動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)的 by 的賓語。如果原主語是代詞，則應(yīng)由主格 變?yōu)橘e格。如： He sang a song. o A song was sung by him. 2主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的注意事項(xiàng) （ 1）無 to 的要加 to 對(duì)于感官動(dòng)詞（see, watch, hear 等）和使役動(dòng)詞（make 等），它們用不帶 to 的動(dòng)詞不定 式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，我們要把不帶 to 的動(dòng)詞不定式前加上 to。即：禿頭 帶帽。如： I saw him make a face just now. oHe was seen to make a

9、 face just now. Mother made her stay at home last Sunday.oShe was made to stay at home last Sunday. （ 2）雙賓語要變?nèi)耍兾镆?to 或 for。 有些動(dòng)詞有雙賓語，間接賓語（指人）和直接賓語（指物） 。在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，一般 要把間接賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語； 但要把直接賓語的變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語時(shí)， 在間接賓語 前要添加介詞 to 或 for。 （buy, make, draw, sing 等用 for,其它一般用 to）如： I gave him a book yesterday. oHe

10、 was given a book yesterday. oA book was given to him yesterday. She bought me a bike last week. o I was bought a bike last week. o A bike was bought for me last week. （ 3）動(dòng)詞詞組是整體，不可省去任何詞。 不及物動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)， 但有些不及物動(dòng)詞加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或副詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞詞組后， 能有自己的賓語， 故有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 在由主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)， 要把動(dòng)詞詞組看作是一個(gè) 整體，不可省去其介詞或副詞。 She often ta

11、kes good care of the babies. oThe babies are often taken good care of by her. He listens to the radio every day. o The radio is listened to by him every day. （四）使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題： 1. 主語是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài) 主語是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)，此名詞不能變?yōu)?“ by 的賓語，應(yīng)在前面加介詞 in on或 “at。女口： The factory makes cars. Cars are made in the f

12、actory. The farm grows rice. Rice is grown on the farm. 2. 不及物動(dòng)詞無被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 不及物動(dòng)詞沒有賓語，若將其用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)則沒有主語，故不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。有些英 語中的不及物動(dòng)詞，譯成漢語時(shí)卻可能是 及物”的，很容易出錯(cuò)，如：take place（發(fā)生）， happen（發(fā)生）,appear（出現(xiàn)）,disappear（消失）,last（持續(xù)），等。 What will happen in 100 years ？一百年以后將會(huì)發(fā)生什么呢？ 3. 主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。 英語中有些詞語或句型可以用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，而且這種情況還比較常

13、見。如 果我們不注意就有可能會(huì)用錯(cuò)， 所以有必要把這種情況做個(gè)了解。 下面是主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng) 意義的一些典型形式。 （1）want, need, require 等詞后用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。 This shirt n eeds wash in g/to be washed.這件襯衣該洗了。 （2 連系動(dòng)詞 look, feel, smell, taste, sound, 等后加形容詞也表示被動(dòng)意義。 It tastes sweet 這有甜味。 （3） be worth doing something 句型中用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。 The idea is well worth consider

14、ing. 這個(gè)想法很值得考慮。 （4） 不定式做后置定語，且與被修飾的名詞在邏輯上是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，與句子主語在邏輯 上是主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。 They have a lot of work to do this week. 他們這周有很多工作要做。 （5） 當(dāng)不定式前有 good, easy, difficult, hard, comfortable, heavy, light, dangerous, safe 等 形容詞修飾且與句子的邏輯主語是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)意義。 These shoes are not very comfortable to wear.這雙鞋穿

15、起來不太舒服。 （6） 有些及物動(dòng)詞和及物動(dòng)詞短語 （多表示“靜態(tài)”不）能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)，常見的有 have, cost, last, own, hold, fit, agree with 等。 The party lasted for two hours last night. 晚會(huì)昨天晚上持續(xù)了兩個(gè)小時(shí)。 （五）初中教材中與被動(dòng)語態(tài)相關(guān)的句型有： 1. be covered with 被 . 覆蓋 2. be made of 由 . 制作（發(fā)生物理變化） be made from 由 . 制作（發(fā)生化學(xué)變化） be made in 由（某地）制造 be made by 被（某人）制造 3.

16、be used for 被用來 . be used as 被當(dāng)作（作為） . 來使用 be used to do sth.被用來做某事 4. be filled with 被裝滿 5.It is said that.據(jù)說 . It is well known that .眾所周知 . 四、思維誤區(qū)警示 （一）考查主動(dòng)形式，被動(dòng)意義 【例題解析】 1. （孝感市） These apples _ well because they _ nice. A. are sold, look B. sell, look C. sell, are looked D. are sold, are looked

17、答案：B。本題考查主動(dòng)形式，被動(dòng)意義。 sell 和連系動(dòng)詞 look 沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 2. The library n eeds _ , but it l have to wait un til Sun day. A. clea ning B. be clea ned C. clea n D. being clea ned 答案：A. need （實(shí)意）+ （ to do）sth.，need （情態(tài)）+ do ;當(dāng)表示需要被做某事”用 need doing sth.本題考最后一種用法，選 A。如有 to be cleaned 則也為正確答案。 【易錯(cuò)知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析】 look, smell, t

18、aste, feel 等表示感覺的連系動(dòng)詞； sell 作 銷量（好壞）”；be worth doing 意 為 值得做”；happen / take place; belong to （屬于）等動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。 （二） 考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu) 【例題解析】 1. （寧波） Waiter, I dlike some Ninbo Dumplings. Sorry, sir. Ninbo Dumplings _ only for lunch and dinner. A. serve B. served C. are served D. are serv ing 答案：C.本題考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被

19、動(dòng)語態(tài)， be （am/is/are）+p.p. 2. （天津） Did you go to Jacks birthday party? No, I _ . A. am not in vited B. was n invited C. have nt i nvited D. did nt in vite 答案：B。本題考查一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 was/were+p.p. 【易錯(cuò)知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析】 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)是be +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞（p.p.）.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的不同時(shí)態(tài)是通過 be 的 變化而實(shí)現(xiàn)的，其人稱和數(shù)要和主語一致。 （三） 考查主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài) 【例題解析】 1. （四川）The c

20、hildren ate up all the apples.（改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)） All the apples _ up by the childre n. 2. （遼寧）People use computer widely in the world. （改為同義句） Computers _ widely _ in the world 答案：1. were eate n 2. are, used 【易錯(cuò)知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析】 首先把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語，再把謂語動(dòng)詞變?yōu)椋?be+p.p.，并通過 be 的 變化來表達(dá)不同的時(shí)態(tài)，最后把主動(dòng)句中的主語改為介詞 by 的賓語。 （四） 考查短語動(dòng)詞被

21、動(dòng)語態(tài) 【例題解析】 1. （廣東）A n eighbor helped to keep our dogs. It _ while we were on holiday. A. was take n care B. took care of C. is take n care of D. was take n care of 答案：D. take care of是一個(gè)詞組，在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，應(yīng)該看作一個(gè)整體。 2. （鹽城）She will take good care of the children .（變被動(dòng)語態(tài)） The children will _ （by her）. 答案： be

22、take n good care of 【易錯(cuò)知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析】 短語動(dòng)詞在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，要將短語動(dòng)詞視為一個(gè)整體，其后的介詞或副詞不能省去。 （五） 考查雙賓語的被動(dòng)語態(tài) 【例題解析】 1. （黔江）Her mother gave her a new pe n.（改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)） A new pen _by her mother. 2. She bought me a bike last week.（改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)） A bike _ me by her. 答案：1. was given to 2. was bought for 【易錯(cuò)知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析】 含雙賓語的主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，有兩種方法：將間

23、接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，直接賓語 保持不變； 將直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，間接賓語用介詞 to 或 for 引導(dǎo)。 （六） 考查含有復(fù)合賓語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài) 【例題解析】 1. （雞西） The poor man was made _ in the fields. A . to work B. work C. working 答案：A。 make sb. do sth.的被動(dòng)語態(tài)是： be made to do sth. 2. （濟(jì)南）The young man was ofte n see n _ by the lake. A. to draw B. to draw ing C. draw D. drew 答

24、案：A。 see sb. do sth 的被動(dòng)語態(tài)是： be seen to do sth. 3. （河北） We _ to close the window before we left the lab. A. tell B. told C. are told D. were told 答案：D。 tell sb. to do sth.的被動(dòng)語態(tài)是 be told to do sth. 【易錯(cuò)知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析】 一些動(dòng)詞能有自己的賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語，構(gòu)成 “S+ V + 0+0C”。動(dòng)詞用何種語態(tài)， 關(guān)鍵取決于動(dòng)詞后是否有賓語， 一般有賓語就要用主動(dòng)語態(tài)， 沒有賓語就要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 主 動(dòng)語態(tài)中，h

25、ear, see , feel 等感官動(dòng)詞及 let, make, have 等使役動(dòng)詞后接不帶 to 的不定式作賓 補(bǔ)。但這些詞在作謂語的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中， to 要還原。 【中考演練】 I. 單項(xiàng)選擇。 1. En glish _ in Can ada, Australia and New Zeala nd as well as America and Britai n. A. speaks B. is speak ing C. is spoke n D. spoke 2. What should we do first if we want to develop our village? A

26、lot of new roads_ , I think. A. must build B. have to build C. must be built D. have built 3. Please say “I am here ” whe n your name _ , will you? Yes, Mr. Hu. A. will be called B. calls C. is called D. is called 4. The boy _ to get supper ready after school . A. was told B. is telli ng C. were tol

27、d D. tells 5. Your coat looks nice . Is it _ cotton ? Yes. It _ Shanghai. A. made of; made by B. made of; made in C. made for; made by D. made for; made in 6. The telepho ne _ by Alexa nder Graham Bell in 1876. A. was inven ted B. has bee n inven ted C. is inven ted D. will be inven ted 7. A talk on

28、 developme nts in scie nee and tech no logy _ in the school hall n ext week. A. give n B. will be give n C. has bee n give n D. gives 8. This kind of food _ cool, clea n and dry accord ing to the in struct ion. A. should be carried B. must be put C. should be take n D. must be kept 9. The flowers _

29、ev ery day. Or they ll die. A. must water B. can be watered C. should water D. must be watered 10. Great cha nges _ in China duri ng the past 20 years. A. have happe ned B. happe ned C. have bee n happe ned D. were happe ned II. 用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空. 1. These pictures _ take） in Beijing last spri ng. 2. Both

30、En glish and French _ （speak） in Can ada. 3. These things cant _ （put） in this room. 4. Our time should _ （make） good use of. 5. He _ （tell） to do the work just now. 6. I _ （make） to wash clothes yesterday. 7. The glass _ （break） by my sister this morning. 8. The sports meet ing _ （hold） in our scho

31、ol n ext Sun day. 9. Don worry about her. She _ （meet） by her friends as soon as he arrives. 10. The bridge _ （build） in 2000. III. 按要求轉(zhuǎn)換下列各句，每空一詞。 1. Teachers must take good care of the students.（改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)） The stude nts must _ good care of. 2. Was he made to stay at home by his parents yesterday? （改為主動(dòng)語態(tài)） Did his pare nts make _ at home yesterday? 3. People plant trees in spring.（改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)） Trees _ in spri ng. 4. A famous America n writer wrote the book years ago.（改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)） The book _ by a famous America n writer years ago.