外研版必修三BOOK3優(yōu)質(zhì)教案M6P4GrammarNondefiningandDefiningAttributiveClauses

1、P4GrammarOld and NewM6Objectives1. To learn about non-defining attributive clauses2. To learn about contraction of attributive clausesGrammar 11. After studying music in Vienna, Haydn went to work at the court of a prince in eastern Austria, where he became director of music. 2. Having worked there

2、for 30 years, Haydn moved to London, where he was very successful. 3. People generally agree that Pablo Picasso, who lived from 1881 to 1973, is the twentieth-centurys greatest western artist. 4. People agree that Picassos greatest Cubist painting is Guernica, which was painted in Madrid in 1937. 5.

3、 Yang spoke to two astronauts abroad the International Space Station, which is orbiting the earth, American astronaut Edward Lu and Russia cosmonaut Yuri Malenchenko.6. Lu, whose parents were born in China, spoke to Yang in Chinese during his flight. 7. The US also has a lot of tabloid newspapers, s

4、uch as The New York Daily News, which are similar to British tabloids. 8. But one cannot forget the wonderful Chow Yun-Fat, who is as good with a sword as he is with a gun. 9. The power of the Yangtze River, which is the worlds third longest river, has been harnessed by the Three Gorges Dam. After s

5、tudying music in Vienna, Haydn went to work at the court of a prince in eastern Austria, _ he became director of music. 2. Having worked there for 30 years, Haydn moved to London, _ he was very successful. 3. People generally agree that Pablo Picasso, _ lived from 1881 to 1973, is the twentieth-cent

6、urys greatest western artist. wherewherewhogo Ready?4. People agree that Picassos greatest Cubist painting is Guernica, _ was painted in Madrid in 1937. 5. Yang spoke to two astronauts abroad the International Space Station, _ is orbiting the earth, American astronaut Edward Lu and Russia cosmonaut

7、Yuri Malenchenko.6. Lu, _ parents were born in China, spoke to Yang in Chinese during his flight. whichwhichwhose7. The US also has a lot of tabloid newspapers, such as The New York Daily News, _ are similar to British tabloids. 8. But one cannot forget the wonderful Chow Yun-Fat, _ is as good with

8、a sword as he is with a gun. 9. The power of the Yangtze River, _ is the worlds third longest river, has been harnessed by the Three Gorges Dam.whichwhowhich Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _, of course, made the others unhappy. A. which B. who C. his D. what2. The old ma

9、n has two sons, _ is a soldier. A. one of whom B. both of them C. all of whom D. none of them3. New York is famous for its sky-scrapers (摩天大樓摩天大樓), _ has more than 100 stores. A. the higher of them B. the highest of which C. the highest of them D. some of which4. In the office I never seem to have t

10、ime until after 5:30 p.m., _ many people have gone home. A. whose time B. that C. at which D. by which time5. The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it6. I shall never forget the years _ I lived in the country with the farmers, _ has a go

11、od effect on my life. A. that, which B. when, which C. which, that D. when, who限定性定語從句是句中不可缺少的組成部分，使先行詞區(qū)限定性定語從句是句中不可缺少的組成部分，使先行詞區(qū)別于同類其他事物；主句和從句之間不用逗號隔開。別于同類其他事物；主句和從句之間不用逗號隔開。非限定性定語從句是對主句先行詞的補充說明，沒有這種從句非限定性定語從句是對主句先行詞的補充說明，沒有這種從句不影響主句意思完整。一般用逗號把主句和從句分開。不影響主句意思完整。一般用逗號把主句和從句分開。引導(dǎo)詞：關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，作賓語時一些關(guān)系代

12、引導(dǎo)詞：關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，作賓語時一些關(guān)系代詞可以省略詞可以省略引導(dǎo)詞：引導(dǎo)詞：as, who, whom, whose, which, of which, when, where等，不用等，不用that或或why,不能省略不能省略定語從句定語從句 非限制性定語從句只是對主句內(nèi)容，或先行詞的補充、解釋或附加說明。主句與先行詞或從句之間一般用非限制性定語從句只是對主句內(nèi)容，或先行詞的補充、解釋或附加說明。主句與先行詞或從句之間一般用逗號分開，常常單獨翻譯。沒有它，主句意思仍然完整。引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有逗號分開，常常單獨翻譯。沒有它，主句意思仍然完整。引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有

13、as，which，who， whom，whose等，作定語從句的主語、賓語、表語與定語。關(guān)系副詞有等，作定語從句的主語、賓語、表語與定語。關(guān)系副詞有when，where等，作定語從句的狀語。等，作定語從句的狀語。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中一般不能省。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中一般不能省。 非限制性定語從句舉例：非限制性定語從句舉例：1. His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. 2. China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerf

14、ul. 3. Last summer I visited the Peoples Great Hall, in which many important meetings are held every year. Her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her to go to college.她當(dāng)兵的哥哥總是鼓勵她上大學(xué)。她當(dāng)兵的哥哥總是鼓勵她上大學(xué)。 Her brother, who is now a soldier, always encourages her to go to college.她的哥哥，現(xiàn)在是一名士兵，總是鼓

15、勵她上大學(xué)。她的哥哥，現(xiàn)在是一名士兵，總是鼓勵她上大學(xué)。 （她還有其他哥哥。）（她還有其他哥哥。）（她只有一個哥哥。）（她只有一個哥哥。）非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句As is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.2. 有時有時as也可用作關(guān)系代詞。也可用作關(guān)系代詞。Her house, which was built a hundred years ago, stood still in the earthquake.1. which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句來說明前面

16、整個句子的情況或主句的某一部分引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句來說明前面整個句子的情況或主句的某一部分 ，that不能用于引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從不能用于引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。句。3. 在非限定性定語從句中，用在非限定性定語從句中，用who, whom代表人，用代表人，用which代表事物。代表事物。The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted. 4. 非限制性定語從句還能將整個主句作為先行詞，對其進(jìn)行修飾，這時從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)。非限制性定語從句還能將整個主句作為先行詞，對其進(jìn)行修飾，這時從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)。Tom,

17、whom everyone suspected, turned out to be innocent.as 和和which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別1. which引導(dǎo)的從句只能放在主句之后；引導(dǎo)的從句只能放在主句之后；as引導(dǎo)的從句可放在句首、句中或句尾。引導(dǎo)的從句可放在句首、句中或句尾。As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. Mike, as we expected, attended the meeting.He wasnt unconscious

18、, as could be judged from his eyes. 2. which既可代指先行詞，又可代指整既可代指先行詞，又可代指整個主句的內(nèi)容，相當(dāng)于個主句的內(nèi)容，相當(dāng)于 “and this” 或或 “and that”，譯為，譯為“這一點這一點”。as只能代指整個主只能代指整個主句的內(nèi)容，常帶有句的內(nèi)容，常帶有“正如正如”之意，且已形成之意，且已形成固定結(jié)構(gòu)。固定結(jié)構(gòu)。(as is known, as is reported, as is said, as is expected, as we know, etc.)My son now goes to the school, wh

19、ich I used to go to when I was a child.Einstein, as is known, is a famous scientist.As is reported, China has become an important country in the world.3. as在從句中作主語，從句中的謂語必須是系動詞；而在從句中作主語，從句中的謂語必須是系動詞；而which則不一定。則不一定。I have the same opinion as you (have).Dont read such books as are beyond your ability

20、.4. 先行詞前有先行詞前有the same, such限定時，關(guān)系詞只能用限定時，關(guān)系詞只能用as。He is very strict, as is shown in his work.The man is very learned, as is described in the book.She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore. 她穿著跟她妹妹同樣的衣服。她穿著跟她妹妹同樣的衣服。 She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding. 她穿著那件她參加瑪麗婚禮所穿的衣服。

21、她穿著那件她參加瑪麗婚禮所穿的衣服。(同一件同一件)當(dāng)先行詞受當(dāng)先行詞受the same 修飾時，有時也用修飾時，有時也用 that引導(dǎo)定語從句，但與引導(dǎo)定語從句，但與as引導(dǎo)的定語從句意思有區(qū)別。引導(dǎo)的定語從句意思有區(qū)別。(另外一件另外一件)5. 主從之間存在邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時，關(guān)系詞往往用主從之間存在邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時，關(guān)系詞往往用which。Tom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry.1. 查理查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾經(jīng)是我的老師。史密斯去年退休了，他曾經(jīng)是我的老師。 Charle

22、s Smith, _ was my former teacher, retired last year. 2. 我去年買的的那幢房子帶著個漂亮的花園。我去年買的的那幢房子帶著個漂亮的花園。My house, _ I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.whowhich根據(jù)漢語意思，完成下列句子。根據(jù)漢語意思，完成下列句子。3. 這本小說很動人，我已經(jīng)讀了三遍。這本小說很動人，我已經(jīng)讀了三遍。 This novel, _ I have read three times, is very touching. 4. 他似乎沒理解我的意思，這使我心煩。他

23、似乎沒理解我的意思，這使我心煩。He seems not to have grasped what I meant, _ greatly upsets me. 5. 液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝?，這就叫做蒸發(fā)。液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝?，這就叫做蒸發(fā)。 Liquid water changes to vapor, _ is called evaporation (蒸發(fā)蒸發(fā)). whichwhichwhichGrammar 21. I met a man my grandfather worked with thirty years ago.2. The valley is now part of the reservo

24、ir created by the Three Gorges Dam.3. The people living in the village have moved to other places.4. Thats the reason he was late for school.5. Is it the book you find? 6. I will never forget the day we know each other.7. This is the place we find our purses. I met a man _ my grandfather worked with

25、 thirty years ago.2. The valley is now part of the reservoir _ created by the Three Gorges Dam.3. The people _ living in the village have moved to other places.補全句子中省略的關(guān)系詞。補全句子中省略的關(guān)系詞。(who)(which was)(who were)go Ready?4. Thats the reason _ he was late for school.5. Is it the book _ you find? 6. I w

26、ill never forget the day _we know each other.7. This is the place _ I find my purse.(why)(that)(when)(where)1. 他正在與之交談的那個人來自美國。他正在與之交談的那個人來自美國。 The man (who/that/whom) he is talking with is from the USA. 2. 你希望見的那個教授來了。你希望見的那個教授來了。The professor (that/who/whom) you wish to see has come. 3. 他父親在他出生那年逝

27、世了。他父親在他出生那年逝世了。 His father died the year (that/when/inwhich) he was born. 漢譯英漢譯英定語從句中關(guān)系詞有時可以省略，但定語從句中關(guān)系詞有時可以省略，但這只限于限制性定語從句中，在非限這只限于限制性定語從句中，在非限制性定語從句中，關(guān)系詞則不可省略。制性定語從句中，關(guān)系詞則不可省略。 定語從句關(guān)系詞省略的定語從句關(guān)系詞省略的6 6種情形種情形Who is the man (that / who / whom) you were talking to? 剛才和你講話的人是誰剛才和你講話的人是誰? I like the bo

28、ok (that/ which) you bought for me. 我喜歡你買給我的那本書。我喜歡你買給我的那本書。一、關(guān)系代詞作賓語時的省略一、關(guān)系代詞作賓語時的省略當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞who, whom, which和和that在定語從句中用作動詞賓語或介詞位于句末時的介詞賓語時，可以省略。在定語從句中用作動詞賓語或介詞位于句末時的介詞賓語時，可以省略。三、關(guān)系代詞作賓補時的省略三、關(guān)系代詞作賓補時的省略二、關(guān)系代詞作表語時的省略二、關(guān)系代詞作表語時的省略Im not the mad man (that) you thought me. 我并不是你所認(rèn)為的那個瘋子。我并不是你所認(rèn)為的那

29、個瘋子。當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞that在定語從句中用作賓語補足時，可以省略。在定語從句中用作賓語補足時，可以省略。當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞that在定語從句中用作表語時，可以省略。在定語從句中用作表語時，可以省略。China is not the country (that) it was. 中國已不是過去的中國了。中國已不是過去的中國了。That was the year (when/ that) I first went abroad. 就是那一年我第一次出國了。就是那一年我第一次出國了。Ill never forget the day (when/that) we met. 我永遠(yuǎn)也忘不了我們

30、見面的那一天。我永遠(yuǎn)也忘不了我們見面的那一天。四、關(guān)系副詞四、關(guān)系副詞when的省略的省略用作時間狀語的關(guān)系副詞用作時間狀語的關(guān)系副詞when通常不能通常不能省略，但有一種特殊情況，即用于省略，但有一種特殊情況，即用于day, year, time等少數(shù)幾個詞后時可以省略等少數(shù)幾個詞后時可以省略(也可換成也可換成that)。This is the place (where) they met yesterday. 這就是他們昨天碰頭的地方。這就是他們昨天碰頭的地方。Have you got somewhere (that) I can lie down for an hour?你有沒有一個地方

31、可以讓我躺一個小時？你有沒有一個地方可以讓我躺一個小時？五、關(guān)系副詞五、關(guān)系副詞where的省略的省略用作地點狀語的關(guān)系副詞用作地點狀語的關(guān)系副詞where通常不能通常不能省略，但有一種特殊情況，即用于省略，但有一種特殊情況，即用于place,somewhere, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere少數(shù)幾個詞后時可以省略少數(shù)幾個詞后時可以省略(也可換成也可換成that)。Thats the reason (why, for which, that) hecame. 這就是他來的原因。這就是他來的原因。Give me one reason (why) we should

32、helpyou. 給我舉出一個我們應(yīng)當(dāng)幫助你的理由。給我舉出一個我們應(yīng)當(dāng)幫助你的理由。關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞why通常只用于通常只用于the reason后引導(dǎo)定語從句，且通?？蓳Q成后引導(dǎo)定語從句，且通?？蓳Q成that或或for which,均可省略。均可省略。六、關(guān)系副詞六、關(guān)系副詞why的省略的省略1. 非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句2. 定語從句的縮略形式定語從句的縮略形式注注: word : word 文檔文檔點擊此處鏈接點擊此處鏈接Individual activity1. She brought with her three friends, none of _ I had ever

33、met before. (2009 全國全國I) A. them B. who C. whom D. these2. As a child, Jack studied in a village school, _ is named after his grandfather. (2010 全國全國I) A. which B. where C. what D. that 3. The newly built caf, the walls of_ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after

34、hard work. (2010 江蘇江蘇) A. that B. it C. what D. which 4. After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling, _ turned out to be a wise decision. (2010 四川四川) A. that B. which C. when D. where5. The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of _ left their village homes for a b

35、etter life in the city. (2010 浙江浙江) A. whom B. which C. them D. those6. The school shop, _ customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays. (2011 四川四川) A. which B. whose C. when D. where7. Julie was good at German, French and Russian, all of _ she spoke fluently. (2011 湖南湖南) A. who B. whom

36、 C. which D. that 8. Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _ it will keep for two or three weeks. (2011 安徽安徽) A. when B. which C. where D. while9. That evening, _ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late. (2012 全國全國II) A. that B. which C. what D. when10. When

37、deeply absorbed in work, _ he often was, he would forget all about eating or sleeping. (2012 北京北京) A. that B. which C. where D. when 11. The air quality in the city, _ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months. (2012 福建福建) A. thatB. it C. asD. what12. It is the third time that sh

38、e has won the race, _ has surprised us all. (2012 陜西陜西) A. that B. where C. whichD. what13. Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, made one of the Chinese peoples long-held dreams come true. (2013安徽安徽) A. it B. that C. what D. which14. We have launched another man-made satellite,

39、 is announced in todays newspaper. (2013天津天津) A. that B. which C. who D. what15. I borrow the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, _ my classmates recommended to me. (2014北京北京) A. who B. which C. when D. where16. Until now, we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children, _ is quite unexpected. (2014四川四川) A. that B. which C. who D. it17. I dont become a serious climber until the fifth grade, _ I went up t