grammar 動詞不定式ppt課件

1、Figure out the meanings of the proverbs and the usage of the underlined part. To know everything is to know nothing. It is easier to get money than to keep it. Eat to live, but not live to eat.什么都知道即如什么都不知道。掙錢容易，攢錢難。吃飯是為了生活，但活著不是為了吃飯。I. The to-infinitive can be1. subject of a sentence表示去做或為了統(tǒng)一主語表語形式

2、To see is to believe.百聞不如一見。了解英語是一回事， 會英語是另一回事。_ something about English is one thing; _ English is quite another.先制定個計劃是個好主意。_ a plan first is a good idea.To knowto knowTo makeTip: 動詞不定式和不定式短語做主語時，常用it做形式主語，其句型結(jié)構(gòu)為：It is +形容詞或名詞或詞組）+不定式短語。 這時的形容詞常為easy, difficult, hard, good, useful, wrong, right, n

3、ecessary, impossible, important 等。名詞或詞組常為a fact, a great day, a great thing, a pity 等。（注意形容詞名詞是特殊詞語時有可能要用ing形式） 學(xué)好英語很難。 _ is difficult. = It is difficult _. 再見到你真高興。 Its a great pleasure to see you again.To study English wellto study English well 如要說明動詞不定式的動作的執(zhí)行者，可在不定式前加一個介詞for引導(dǎo)的短語，其句型結(jié)構(gòu)為：It is +形容

4、詞+for sb +不定式短語。如： 富人幫助窮人是對的 It is right for rich people to help poor people. 但如果表語是kind, nice, clever, wise, foolish, careless 等描述動作執(zhí)行者的性格品質(zhì)的形容詞時,則應(yīng)在不定式前加一個of引導(dǎo)的短語,而不用for, 句型結(jié)構(gòu)為: It is +形容詞+ of sb. + 不定式短語。如： 幫助我拿包，你真好 Its kind of you to help me with my bag.2. object We hope to know about the truth

5、. Those Indians _ hot food. (想吃) They _ a map. (需要看)like to eatneed to look at英語中能以不定式作賓語的動詞很多，常見的有afford, decide, expect, hope, learn,choose,help,hope,ask,refuse, promise,wish,pretend,arrange,plan,attempt, dare, manage,agree,prepare,fail,determine,offer, desire,elect,long,afford,happen,seem.find/th

6、ink/make等動詞it+描畫/名 + to do sth. it 用做形式賓語 I find it easy to learn English well.我認為和他相處很難老師認為參加這個講座很有必要工作人員使小偷從超市偷走東西成為不可能的事。I feel it hard to get along with him.The teacher think it necessary to attend the lecture.Officers make it impossible for thieves to Steal things from supermarkets.3. object co

7、mplement1) 動詞+賓語+帶to的不定式作賓語補足語。常見的這類動詞詞組有ask, promise,expect,allow,cause,permit,enable,remind,beg,invite,order,intend,persuade,teach, tell, want, require, encourage, advise, recommend, have, warn, wish, get , ask for, wait for等。如：Who taught you to play the piano?He told me not to bring you anything.

8、2) 動詞+賓語+不帶to的不定式作賓語補足語。用于這結(jié)構(gòu)的是使役動詞和感官動詞，如feel, hear, listen to, see, look at, watch, notice, let, make, have等。這些動詞后賓語補足語不用to; 在動詞help后的不定式賓語補足語，to可有可無。如： 我們看了那些男孩子們踢足球。 We watched the boys play football. It was raining heavily outside. The father made _ (讓孩子們呆在房間里in the room.the children stayTip: h

9、ear, listen to, see, look at, watch, notice, make, have等在被動語態(tài)中，不定式作賓語補足語必須加上to; let不能用于被動語態(tài)。如： -I saw Betty go to Grandpa Zhangs home just now. -Yes, she is often seen to help the old man with his housework.4. attribute 動詞不定式作定語時，要放在它所修飾的名詞或代詞后面，與被修飾的名詞有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。如： Every day he made one of the small

10、er animals bring him something to eat. 若動詞不定式是不及物動詞時，則要帶上與之搭配的介詞，構(gòu)成及物動詞短語。如： She has no house to live in. 沒有要擔(dān)心的事了。 There is nothing to worry about.1. I havent got a chair _.A. to sit B. for to sit inC. to sit in D. for sitting2. When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person_.

11、to send B. for sending itC. to send it to D. for sending it to3. Lets find a box _.A. for us to put the box in it B. to put the books in C. to put the books in it D. to put the books4. Because of air pollution being reduced, this city is still_.a good place for livinglived as a good placea good plac

12、e to live inliving in as a good place 此外，不定式還可用來修飾被序數(shù)詞、最高級或no, all, any等限定的中心詞。 他是第一個飛越大西洋的人。 He was the first man to fly across the Atlantic.5. predicative 動詞不定式用在連系動詞后，作表語。常見的連系動詞有be, seem等。常見句型：主語+be+ to do sth. It seems to be an interesting book. 我的工作是幫助病人。 My job is to help the patient. Tip:如果系

13、動詞前出現(xiàn)實義動詞如果系動詞前出現(xiàn)實義動詞do則系動詞后常用則系動詞后常用省省to的動詞不定式。的動詞不定式。例：例：What I did here in the last few months was help the disabled.練習(xí)：練習(xí)：你要做的唯一的事情就是削皮。你要做的唯一的事情就是削皮。The only thing you have to do is peel them.6. adverbial1) 表示目的。(not) to do sth.也可用in order (not) to do sth./so as (not) todo sth代替，但so as (not) to

14、do sth不放在句首。如：You can hide under my seat when the conductor comes to check the tickets. 2) 表示結(jié)果。動詞不定式作狀語表示結(jié)果時常與副詞too或enough連用,固定短語only to/never to也表示結(jié)果。如：Its too heavy for little Tom to carry. Is the river deep enough to swim in?He got to the station, only to find the train had left.He went abroad,

15、never to come back.II.不定式的變形時態(tài)/語態(tài)主動被動一般式 to doto be done進行式to be doing/完成、過去to have doneto have been done動詞不定式的否定形式：動詞不定式的否定形式：not to do She was too surprised _ (see) how angry her father was. I plan to attend the meeting _ (hold) tomorrow. He pretended _ (sleep) when I came in.to seeto be heldto be

16、 sleeping Im terribly sorry _ (keep) you waiting. Harry Potter series of novels are said _ (translate) into dozens of languages.to have keptto have been translatedWhats more1. Why not, Youd better, would rather, rather than, 后不用to, 直接跟動詞原形。You look rather tired. Why not _ (stop) to take a rest?stopI

17、 would rather stay at home 你最好騎車去學(xué)校。 Youd better go to school by bike. _ (我寧愿待在家里), doing nothing than go to the party with him.2.動詞不定式還可以和what, where, how, when, which等連接代詞副詞連用如：to可以替換翻譯為sb should/sb could:1. I couldnt decide _. (買哪輛自行車)2.Ask him _. (什么時候把它打開)3.I told her _. (怎么找到我)which bicycle to