英語四級(jí)閱讀模擬試題及答案解析二

1、2015 年英語四級(jí)閱讀模擬試題及答案（精品試卷二）Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A ,B , C and D . You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer S

2、heet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.Fried foods have long been frowned upon. Nevertheless, the skillet （ 長柄平底煎鍋 ） is about our handiest and most useful piece of kitchen equipment. Strong woodcutters and others engaged in activ

3、e labor requiring 4,000calories per day or more will take approximately one-third of their rations prepared in this fashion. Meat, eggs, and French toast cooked in this way are served in millions of homes daily. Apparently the consumers are not beset with more signs of indigestion than afflicted by

4、those who insist upon broiling, roasting, or boiling. Some years ago one of our most eminent physiologists investigated the digestibility of friedpotatoes. He found that the pan variety was more easily broken down for assimilation than when deep fat was employed. The latter, however, dissolved withi

5、n the alimentary tract （ 消化道 ） more readily than the boiled type. Furthermore, he learned, by watching the progress of the contents of the stomach by means of the fluoroscope （ 熒光檢查儀）, that fat actually accelerated the rateof digestion. Now all this is quite in contrast with "authority".Vo

6、lumes have been written on nutrition, and everywhere the dictum（ 權(quán)威意見 ） has been accepted-no fried edibles of any sort forchildren. A few will go so tar as to forbid this style of cookingwholly. Now and then an expert will be bold enough to admit thathe uses them himself, the absence of discomfort b

7、eing explained onthe ground that he possesses a powerful gastric （ 胃的 ）apparatus.We can of course sizzle perfectly good articles to death so thatthey will be leathery and tough. But thorough heating, in the presence of shortening, is not the awful crime that it has been labeled. Such dishes stimulat

8、e rather than retard contractions ofthe gall bladder. Thus it is that bile （膽汁 ） mixes with thenutriment shortly after it leaves the stomach.Wedon't need to allow our foodstuffs to become oil soaked, but other than that, there seems to be no basis for the widely heraldedprohibition against this

9、method. But notions becomefixed. The first condemnation probably rose because an "oracle" （圣賢 ） sufferedfrom dyspepsia （ 消化不良 ） which he ascribed to some fried item on the menu. The theory spread. Others agreed with him, and after atime the doctrine became incorporated in our textbooks. Th

10、e belief is now tradition rather than proved fact. It should have been refuted long since, as experience has demonstrated its falsity.56. This passage focuses on.A why the skillet is a handy piece of kitchen equipmentB the digestibility of fried foodsC how the experts can mislead the public in the a

11、rea of food preparationD why fried foods have long been frowned upon57. People engaged in active labor eat fried foods becauseA they are healthfulB they are much cheaperC they can be easily digestedD they can provide the calories the workers need58. The author implies that the public should.A prepar

12、e some foods by fryingB avoid fried foods if possibleC fry foods for adults but not for childrenD prepare all foods by frying59. When the author says that "an 'oracle' suffered from dyspepsia which he ascribed to some fried item on the menu" he isbeing.A gratefulB factualC sarcasti

13、cD humorous60. The passage was probably taken from.A a medical journalB a publication addressed to the general publicC a speech at a medical conventionD an advertisement for cooking oilPassage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.In the second half of the twentieth century, many

14、countries of the South （ 發(fā)展中國家） began to send students to theindustrialized countries for further education. They urgently needed supplies of highly trained personnel to implement a concept of development based on modernization.But many of these students decided to stay on in the developed countries

15、 when they had finished their training. At the same time, many professionals who did return home but no longer felt at ease there also decided to go back to the countries where they had studied.In the 1960s, some Latin American countries tried to solve this problem by setting up special "return

16、" programs to encourage their professionals to come back home. These programs received support from international bodies such as the International Organizationfor Migration, which in 1974 enabled over 1,600 qualified scientistsand technicians to return to Latin America.In the 1980s and 1990s, &

17、quot;temporary return" programs were set up in order to make the best use of trained personnel occupying strategic positions in the developed countries. This gave rise to the United Nations Development Program's Transfer of Knowledge through Expatriate （ 移居國外的 ） Nationals, which encourages

18、technicians and scientists to work in their own countries for short periods. But the brain drain （ 人才流失 ） fromthese countries maywell increase in response to the new laws of the international market in knowledge.Recent studies forecast that the most developed countries are going to need more and mor

19、e highly qualified professionals around twice as many as their educational systems will be able to produce, or so it is thought. As a result there is an urgent need for developing countries which send students abroad to give preference to fields where they need competent people to give muscle to the

20、ir own institutions, instead of encouraging the training of people who maynot come back because there are no professional outlets for them. And the countries of the South must not be content with institutional structures that simply take back professionals sent abroad, they must introduce flexible a

21、dministrative procedures to encourage them to return. If they do not do this, the brain drain is bound to continue.61. Which of the following is NOTcorrect according to the passage?A The developing countries believe that sending students to the industrialized countries is a good way to meet their ow

22、n needs for modernization.B. The South American countries have been sending students to developed countries since the 1920s.C Many people trained abroad remain in the developed countries instead of coming back to serve their home countries.D The International Organization for Migration successfully

23、helped more than 1,600 professionals to return to their own countries in a single year.62. Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons why the developing countries are losing their brain power?A Many professionals did not feel comfortable in their home countries after they returned home.B "

24、;Temporary return" programs encouraged professionals to workin their home countries for short periods.C The new laws of the international market encourage knowledge transfer.D The professionals from the developing countries have been trained in fields where they could not apply their knowledge

25、to the best advantage in their home countries.63. In the author's opinion, the developing countries shouldA keep their present administrative procedures so as to ensurethat their students return after graduation8 cooperate more effectively with international organizationsC set up more return pro

26、grams under the guidance of the UND send students abroad in the fields where their knowledge is morelikely to be made full use of in their own countries64. According to the passage, the problem of the developingcountries will continue.A as long as the developed countries need more qualified professi

27、onals than they can educate domesticallyB as long as the developing countries are content with their present institutional structuresC unless those countries stop sending large number of students to be trained abroadD if theh governments fail to make administrative adjustments concerning the return

28、procedures of their professionals65. The best title for the passage is.A The Brain Drain of the Developing CountriesB Knowledge TransferC The Talents from the Developing CountriesD The Failure of Development Programs【參考譯文】很長時(shí)間以來，人們都不喜歡油炸食品。然而，長柄平底煎鍋基本上是我們廚房里最方便、最有用的廚具。 57 健壯的伐木工人以及其他從事體力勞動(dòng)的人員，每天需要40

29、00 卡路里或者更多的熱量，他們吃的食 物中的有三分之一是用這種煎鍋來烹飪的。用煎鍋烹制的肉、蛋和法式土司 每天都會(huì)出現(xiàn)在千百萬人家的餐桌上。很明顯，困擾這些食用者的不 是消化不良的跡象越來越多，而是那些堅(jiān)持只用烘、烤、煮的方法烹飪的人對(duì)他們的折磨。數(shù)年前，一位非常著名的生理學(xué)家研究了油炸薯?xiàng)l的可消化性。他發(fā)現(xiàn)，用平底鍋烹制食物時(shí)，不用油炸要比油炸的更容易被吸收。汪是，比起蒸煮過的食物，經(jīng)過油炸 的食物更容易在消化道里分解。并且，當(dāng)通過熒光檢查儀觀察胃里食物的消化過程時(shí)他還發(fā)現(xiàn)，實(shí)際上脂肪可加快消化的速度。而現(xiàn)在這些發(fā)現(xiàn)都與“權(quán)威”說法相 悖、營養(yǎng)方面的書籍汗牛充棟，其中油炸食品有害的權(quán)威說法

30、隨處可見孩子絕對(duì)不能吃任何油炸食物。一些書籍甚至完全禁止使用煎炸這種烹飪方式。時(shí)不時(shí)還會(huì)有某位專家大膽地指出自己進(jìn)行了親身試驗(yàn)，但他吃了油炸食物身體卻安然無恙的原因在于自己的胃功能強(qiáng)大。當(dāng)然，我們可以重復(fù)閱讀這些好文章直到感覺味 同嚼蠟、無聊透頂。但是（ 油炸 ） 這種含有起酥油的徹底加熱的方式，并不像之前人們所定義的那樣糟糕。這樣的食物不僅不會(huì)阻礙膽囊收縮，反而會(huì)刺激其收縮。 這樣，這些膽汁就能在營養(yǎng)物從胃里流出之后迅速與其混合。58 我們沒有必要讓我們的食品浸在油里，但與此相反：油炸食品這個(gè)方法被廣泛禁止好像也沒有什么依據(jù)。 但是這一觀念卻根深蒂固。 59人們最初對(duì)油炸食品的非難，可能源自

31、某位“圣賢”，這位前輩偶爾消化不良就認(rèn)定是吃了菜單上某些油炸食品的結(jié)果。于是他的這種論調(diào)傳播開來。 不少人贊同他的觀點(diǎn)， 后來人們就把這種信條寫入教科書了。 現(xiàn)在，這種信條是一種傳統(tǒng)的定義，而不是經(jīng)過驗(yàn)證的 事實(shí)，這種信條早就該被推翻了，因?yàn)閷?shí)踐已經(jīng)證明了它的荒謬。【答案解析】56 B定位：根據(jù)題干信息 this passage focuses on 可知解答本題需通觀全文。解析： 整篇文章談?wù)摰闹黝}是油炸食品是否易于消化。第一段提到：人們一直不喜歡油炸食品，因?yàn)閾?jù)說這種食品不好消化，但科學(xué)家卻發(fā)現(xiàn)，經(jīng)過油炸的食物更容易在消 化道里分解。第二段提到：人們反對(duì)油炸食品，說其會(huì)引起消化不良，是因?yàn)?/p>

32、這種說法已經(jīng)成為傳統(tǒng)，但它卻并非被證明了的事實(shí)，而實(shí)踐已經(jīng)證明了它的荒謬。綜上所述，這篇文章的主題就是 me digestibility of tried foods 。故選 B。57 D定位：根據(jù)題干信息 people engaged in active labor 可將答案定位到第一段第三句。解析：該句提到：“健壯的伐木工人以及其他從事體力勞動(dòng)的人員，每天需要 4000 卡路里或者更多的熱量，他們吃的食物中約有三分之一是用這種煎鍋來烹飪的?！庇纱丝芍?，從事體力勞動(dòng)的人員需要吃油炸食物是因?yàn)檫@類食物能提供足夠的熱量。故選D。58 A定位：根據(jù)題干信息 implies that the pub

33、lic should 可將答案定位到第二段第一句。解 析：題干問作者對(duì)公眾烹飪食品有何建議，作者在第一段提到，據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)證明，油炸食品非但不會(huì)導(dǎo)致消化不良，而且還比較容易消化。第二段開頭處又提到：“我們 沒有必要讓我們的食品浸在油里，但與此相反，油炸食品這個(gè)方法被廣泛禁止好像也沒有什么依據(jù)?！笨梢姡髡叩挠^點(diǎn)是人們是可以食用一些油炸食品的。故選 A 。59 C定位：根據(jù)題干信息 an “ oracle ” suffered from dyspep sia which he ascribed to some fried item on the menu 可將答案定位到第二段第二句。解 析：題干中的引

34、文選自第二段中間處，作者提到：“人們最初對(duì)油炸食品的非難，可能源自某位。圣賢，這位前輩偶爾消化不良就認(rèn)定是吃了菜單上某些油炸食品 的結(jié)果。于是他的這種論調(diào)傳播開來”作者的諷刺語氣躍然紙上。加之oracle 本身就在引號(hào)里，更足以證明其諷刺性。故選C。60 B定位：根據(jù)題于信息 taken from 可知解答本題需通觀全文。解析：題干問這篇文章的出處。從文章內(nèi)容和風(fēng)格來看，應(yīng)該是節(jié)選自一本大眾科普讀物，它既不像醫(yī)學(xué)雜志、會(huì)議發(fā)言文章那樣嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，也不像廣 告那樣以產(chǎn)品為核心。因此正確答案為 B 項(xiàng)。Passage Two【參考譯文】6120 世紀(jì)下半葉， 許多發(fā)展中國家開始將本國學(xué)生送往發(fā)達(dá)的工業(yè)國

35、家深造。這些發(fā)展中國家迫切需要受過高級(jí)培訓(xùn)的人才來推行基于現(xiàn)代化的發(fā)展理念。但是，學(xué)成之后，很多外派留學(xué)生都選擇留在發(fā)達(dá)國家。不過，也有很多專業(yè)人才回到祖國，但是卻感覺不像以前那樣自在，最后還是決定回到當(dāng)初留學(xué)的國家。20 世紀(jì) 60 年代，為了解決這一問題，一些拉美國家專門設(shè)立了特殊的“海歸”項(xiàng)目，以鼓勵(lì)專業(yè)人才回國。這些項(xiàng)目得到了包括國際移民組織在內(nèi)的一些國際組織的支持，在 1974 年使 l600 多名資歷合格的科技人員回到拉美國家。62 二十世紀(jì)八九十年代，發(fā)展中國家設(shè)立了一系列“短期回國”項(xiàng)目，目的是充分利用受過專業(yè)訓(xùn)練且在發(fā)達(dá)國家身兼要職的留學(xué)人才。這使聯(lián)合國開發(fā)計(jì)劃署推行了“移居僑民知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)移計(jì)劃”，該計(jì)劃旨在鼓勵(lì)技術(shù)人員和科學(xué)家回祖國短期工作。但是，隨著國際市場(chǎng)推出新的知識(shí)法律，這些國家的人才流失情況很可 能進(jìn)一步加劇。最近有研究預(yù)測(cè)，今后，世界頂級(jí)發(fā)達(dá)國家將需要越來越多高級(jí)專業(yè)人才，數(shù)量大約為其教育體制能夠產(chǎn)出數(shù)量的兩倍，或者說，它們 想朝著這個(gè)目標(biāo)發(fā)展。 63 因此，發(fā)展中國一家迫切需要根據(jù)本國缺乏人才的領(lǐng)域外派留學(xué)生，從而使其能夠?yàn)楸緡鴻C(jī)構(gòu)出力；而不是盲目鼓勵(lì)留學(xué)深