非謂語動詞一

1、語法難點突破之語法難點突破之 三三 非謂語動詞（一）非謂語動詞（一） 高效記單詞高效記單詞1. to do 2.-ing 3.done1. The news meeting, to be held in that hall, has already been crowded with reporters. 2. I heard the girl singing in the classroom.3. The man talking with my father is Mr. Wang.4. To live is to struggle. (生活就是斗爭。生活就是斗爭。)找出下列句子中的非謂語動

2、詞（含短語）找出下列句子中的非謂語動詞（含短語）下面從兩個方面來復習非謂語動詞下面從兩個方面來復習非謂語動詞1.非謂語動詞解題四大步驟非謂語動詞解題四大步驟2.非謂語動詞的七大經典原則非謂語動詞的七大經典原則非謂語動詞解題非謂語動詞解題四大步驟四大步驟（一）分析句子結構（一）分析句子結構, ,辨別辨別“謂語與非謂語謂語與非謂語”1._many times , but he still couldnt understand it .2. _many times , he still couldnt understand it .A. Having been told B. Being told

3、C. He had been told D. Though he was toldC_A注意連詞注意連詞3.It _ a hot day, wed better go swimming. 4. _ a rainy day ; we decided not to go there.A.is B. to be C. beingD.It being E. It was F. beenCE注意標點符號注意標點符號 非謂語動詞雖不能作謂語，但仍具有動詞特點，非謂語動詞雖不能作謂語，但仍具有動詞特點，其邏輯上的動作執(zhí)行者就叫做邏輯主語。其邏輯上的動作執(zhí)行者就叫做邏輯主語。（二）找邏輯主語（二）找邏輯主語1

4、.Walking along the street one day, she saw a little girl running up to her.2.She is reading a book found on the way.3. Convinced of the truth of the reports, he told his colleagues about it. 一一般來說，作般來說，作狀語狀語的非謂語動詞的邏輯主語是句子的主語；的非謂語動詞的邏輯主語是句子的主語； 作作賓補賓補的非謂語動詞的邏輯主語是賓語；的非謂語動詞的邏輯主語是賓語； 作作定語定語的非謂語動詞的邏輯主語是被

5、修飾詞。的非謂語動詞的邏輯主語是被修飾詞。 A.to take B. taking C. to be taken D. takenD BEverythingthey1._ everything into consideration, they ought to have another chance.2.Everything _into consideration, they ought to have another chance.（三）分析語態(tài)（三）分析語態(tài)分析語態(tài)就是在確定邏輯主語之后，分析非謂語動詞分析語態(tài)就是在確定邏輯主語之后，分析非謂語動詞和邏輯主語在搭配使用時是主動還是被動關系。

6、和邏輯主語在搭配使用時是主動還是被動關系。1.(上海卷上海卷). the city centre, we saw a stone statue of about 10 metres in height. A. Approaching B. Approached C. To approach D. To be approached2. (陜西卷陜西卷)._from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. A. Seen B. Seeing C. Have seen D. To see we t

7、he south foot of the mountain（四）（四）分析時態(tài)分析時態(tài)1. The building _now will be a restaurant .2. The building _ next year will be a restaurant .3. The building _last year is a restaurant.A.having been built B.to be built C.being built D. built _C_B_D二二. 找邏輯主語找邏輯主語三、分析語態(tài)三、分析語態(tài)四、分析時態(tài)四、分析時態(tài)一一. 辨別辨別“謂與非謂謂與非謂”非謂

8、語動詞解題步驟非謂語動詞解題步驟方法總結：方法總結：謂非謂，找主語，析語態(tài)，定時態(tài)謂非謂，找主語，析語態(tài)，定時態(tài)非謂語動詞的非謂語動詞的 七大經典原則七大經典原則原則一：用作目的狀語，原則上要用不定式原則一：用作目的狀語，原則上要用不定式1.With Fathers Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank_ presents for my dad.（全國全國I ） A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. to have bought【解析解析】由于為我爸爸購買禮物是我取錢的目的，所以要用不

9、定由于為我爸爸購買禮物是我取錢的目的，所以要用不定式，因此可排除式，因此可排除 A 和和 C。另外，由于先取后買，故選。另外，由于先取后買，故選 B。 如：為了趕上第一趟公交車，他很早就起床了如：為了趕上第一趟公交車，他很早就起床了. to catch up the first bus. 2.He had wonderful childhood, _with his mother to all corners of the world (安徽卷安徽卷)A. travel B. to travel C. traveled D. traveling 3. In the 1970s,people f

10、rom around the world settled in the UK to live and work, _food from home which attracted the British.(11省統(tǒng)考二省統(tǒng)考二12） A. to bring B. bringing C. brought D. bring 【解析解析】由于與句子主語之間為主動關系，且表示動作持續(xù)了一段由于與句子主語之間為主動關系，且表示動作持續(xù)了一段時間，故用時間，故用-ing。句意為：和媽媽游遍世界各地，他度過了自己美。句意為：和媽媽游遍世界各地，他度過了自己美好的童年。好的童年。 原則二：原則二： 用作伴隨狀語

11、，原則上要用用作伴隨狀語，原則上要用-ing.-ing.inging形式作伴隨狀語與形式作伴隨狀語與 to doto do作目的狀語的區(qū)別：作目的狀語的區(qū)別：作伴隨狀語的作伴隨狀語的inging形式與謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生且形式與謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生且前面常常帶一逗號前面常常帶一逗號; ;而作目的狀語的不定式的動作要比而作目的狀語的不定式的動作要比謂語動詞的動作后發(fā)生前面不能用逗號。謂語動詞的動作后發(fā)生前面不能用逗號。用括號里的詞的適當形式填空用括號里的詞的適當形式填空1）. Write to the editor, _ that the editor would be able to he

12、lp her（ hope ）2）.She reached the top of the hill and stopped there _ on a big rock( rest )3）.The secretary worked late into night , _ a long speech. ( prepare )4）. _ warm, we shut all the windows. ( keep )preparingto resthopingTo keep,原則三：用作結果狀語時，可用原則三：用作結果狀語時，可用-ing-ing或不定式，其原則區(qū)別是，或不定式，其原則區(qū)別是，用用-in

13、g-ing，表示一定邏輯的結果，即結果在意料之中。，表示一定邏輯的結果，即結果在意料之中。不定式用作結果狀語表示非邏輯的結果，即結果在意料之外。不定式用作結果狀語表示非邏輯的結果，即結果在意料之外。4. The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu,_ the students to return to their classrooms. (江蘇卷）江蘇卷） A. enabling B. having enabled C. to enable D. to

14、have enabled 【解析解析 此處用此處用-ing 表示自然而然的結果。表示自然而然的結果。 如：如：It rained heavily， causing severe flooding in that place. 大雨滂沱，造成了那個地方洪水泛濫。大雨滂沱，造成了那個地方洪水泛濫。 6. He hurried to the booking office only _ that all the tickets had been sold out. （陜西卷）（陜西卷） A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told 5. It rained h

15、eavily in the south, _ serious flooding in several provinces. （天津卷）（天津卷）A.caused B. having caused C. causing D. to cause原則四：凡是含有被動意義時，原則上要用過去分詞。原則四：凡是含有被動意義時，原則上要用過去分詞。但是，如果所涉及的動作尚未發(fā)生，則用不定式的被動但是，如果所涉及的動作尚未發(fā)生，則用不定式的被動式；如果所涉及的動作正在進行，則用式；如果所涉及的動作正在進行，則用-ing-ing的被動式的被動式. . 7.His first book next month is

16、 based on a true story. （陜西卷陜西卷 ） A. published B. to be published C. to publish D. being published 8. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom.A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closedC. being opened and closed D. to open and close【解析解析】of 后應接后應接-ing

17、，desks 與與open and close 之間存在邏輯之間存在邏輯上的被動關系，又因上的被動關系，又因could be heard，所以選，所以選-ing的被動式表正的被動式表正在被進行的動作。在被進行的動作。of原則五：非謂語動詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語原則上應與原則五：非謂語動詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語原則上應與主句主語保持一致主句主語保持一致.9. Faced with a bill for $10,000，_. （陜西卷）（陜西卷） A. John has taken an extra job B. the boss has given John an extra job C. an e

18、xtra job has been taken D. an extra job has been given to John faced with(be) faced with原則六：強調動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之前時，原則上要用完成式原則六：強調動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之前時，原則上要用完成式（根據(jù)情況可用不定式的完成式或（根據(jù)情況可用不定式的完成式或ing的完成式）的完成式） 10.Dina, _ for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency. （湖南卷

19、（湖南卷 ）A.struggling B. struggled C. having struggled D . to struggle 【解析解析】因為因為 Dina 與與 struggle 是主動關系，且是主動關系，且 struggle 發(fā)生在謂語動詞發(fā)生在謂語動詞 took 之前，所以用之前，所以用-ing的完成被動式作原因狀語的完成被動式作原因狀語。 原則七：用于名詞后作定語時，原則是：原則七：用于名詞后作定語時，原則是： 用不定式，表示動作尚未發(fā)生用不定式，表示動作尚未發(fā)生; ; 用用-ing-ing，表示動作正在進行，表示動作正在進行; ; 用過去分詞，表示動作被動、完成。用過去分詞

20、，表示動作被動、完成。11.(重慶卷重慶卷) Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one first is the library.A.repaired B. being repaired C. repairing D. to be repaired 12. （全國（全國I ） Mrs. White showed her student some old maps_from the library. A. to borrow B. to be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowing.原則三：用作結果狀語，原則三：用作結果狀語，原則一：用