人教版新課標選修8第4單元精講講義(附答案)

1、人教版新課標選修8各單元精講講義選修8第4單元I.要點導讀1. A gentleman passes and hesitates for a moment. (P29)hesitate vi.“猶豫； 躊躇" eg: He hesitated before he answered because he didnt know what to say.Though she hesitated for a moment, she finally went in and bought that expensive dress.2. There you are and you come fro

2、m the west end of London, born in Lisson Grove if I'm not mistaken. (P29) mistaken adj.”錯誤的； 不正確的“ 作表語 eg: If you thought I intended to be impolite you were mistaken.If I m not mistaken, that's the man we saw on the bus.”(判斷上)錯誤的; 不正確的“ 作定語 eg: I have a mistaken idea that tomorrow is a holid

3、ay.You have had a mistaken view of the situation, so your judgment is wrong.3. Simply phonetics studied and classified from people's own speech. (P29)classify vt.“分類； 歸類" eg: The books in the library are classified by subject.These bikes are classified into five types.4. (uncomfortably) Now

4、 don 't be troublesome, (P29)uncomfortably adv."不舒服地" eg: I couldn't sleep last night because I felt uncomfortably hot.uncomfortable adj."不舒服的；不安的；不自在的”comfort (1) n.“安慰； 慰籍" eg: Sometimes a few words of comfort to the one who has just failed may encourage him to stand up

5、.(2) v.“安慰； 寬慰” eg: I have tried my best to comfort her after her mother 's death.5. ，the girl could pass herself off in three months as a_duchess at an ambassador's garden party. (P30)pass off as ”(某人)冒充"eg: She passed herself off as an experienced actress.He has been passing himself o

6、ff as a famous expert.6. And I came to England to make your acquaintance! (P30)make one's acquaintance ”結識； 與初次見面“ eg: So pleased to have made your acquaintance.Where did you make his acquaintance?7. (looking at the collected money in amazement) (P30)in amazement ”驚鄂地", 作狀語 eg: The children

7、 were looking at the tiger in amazement.Why have you been so early?” she asked in amazement.to one's amazement”使人感至原訝的是"eg: To my amazement, the little girl can recite many poems.To her amazement, they came an hour earlier than before.8. (dismissively) Look at this girl with her terrible En

8、glish. (P30)dismissively adv."(輕蔑地)打發(fā)走或表示拒絕”eg: The girl assistant made a shrug dismissively to the old man who was dressed in rags.dismiss v.”開除；讓離開“dismiss sb from sth ”免除某人(職務等)" eg: She was unfairly dismissed from her post.dismissal n.”開除； 解雇； 撤職" eg: He was angry at his unfair di

9、smissal.9. The English that will condemn her to the gutter to the end of her days. （P30）condemn vt.”譴責； 使注定" eg: They were condemned to a life of hardship.condemn sb to sth ”迫使某人接受困境" eg: His bad leg condemned him to a wheelchair.condemn sb to sth ”宣判； 判處 （某人某種刑罰 ）" eg: The criminal i

10、s supposed to be condemned to death.10. Correct all these sentences in terms of grammar, spelling, etc, （P31）in terms of ”從方面來講" eg: It is difficult to express it in terms of science.In terms of money some people are quite rich, but not in terms of happiness.in the long / short term ”從長遠 / 近期來說

11、”eg: In the short term we will lose money but in the long term we will make large profits.11. I rather fancied myself because I can pronounce twenty-four distinct vowel sounds; （P33） pronounce vt."發(fā)的音" eg: You must follow his advice on how to pronounce the difficult words.“正式宣布（或公布、授予）“ eg

12、: The expert pronounced the antique to be false.The leader pronounced the flower show to be very nunciation n.“發(fā)音； 讀音" eg: He has a good pronunciation and can make a good announcer one day.Do you know the pronunciation of this word?12. I'd never have come if I'd known about this

13、 disgusting thing you want to do to me. （P34） disgusting adj.“令人厭惡的"eg: The smell of the trash can was disgusting.That strange man's behavior is disgusting.disgust （1） v.”使厭惡； 使作嘔" eg: This smell of the bad fish disgusts me.（2） n."厭惡;惡心；憎惡" eg: The film filled me with disgust

14、. disgusted adj."厭惡的；反感的”，通常和介詞at / by / with連用。eg: We are disgusted at the mindless violence that took place this afternoon.I was disgusted with the way that he treated us.13. Show he門n, Mrs. Pearce. （P34）showin "帶（領）某人進來"，其反義短語show sb out "帶（領）某人出去"eg: The guest was shown

15、in by the servant. Please show this lady out.show off "炫耀；賣弄”；show up "出現(xiàn)；顯露出來"；show sb around s.p."帶領某人參觀某地”； on show "展出"；for show "為了炫耀"14. She's no use at all. Take her away! （P34）take away "帶走"eg: He wants to know who has taken away his dict

16、ionary.“拿走； 減輕" eg: The doctor has given her some tablets to take away the pain.take apart "使分開；拆開"；take back "收回（說的話）；取消（諾言）"；take down "拿下；記下"； take in "接受；包括；收容；欺騙"；take off "脫下（衣服）；（飛機）起飛"；take on “具有；呈現(xiàn)（某種性 質、特征等）；承擔（責任）"；take over&quo

17、t;接收；接管"；take up "占據（時間、空間等）；開始做（某項工作）" 15. She's in need of both. （P34）in need of ”需要" eg: He told me that he was in great need of money so I lent some to him.be in need of 相當于動詞 need eg: I am in need of fresh air. Please open the window.16. She's the one we saw the othe

18、r day. （P34）the other day "前幾天"eg: It was the other day that I had an accident near my school.I saw a policeman catch a thief stealing a purse on a bus the other day.all day long 整天" eg: He read novels all day long to kill time.call it a day "不再干下去；停止某活動"day by day "逐日&

19、quot; eg: Day by day we grow tall while our parents get old.eg: The four golfers played nine holes and then called it a day.day and night "日日夜夜地”17. fades out as they go off stage together (P34)fade out ”(聲音)逐漸消失"eg: The music faded out at the end of the scene.“(畫面)逐漸變淡；逐漸消失"eg: The p

20、icture on the screen faded out.選詞填空ambitious, convince, shelter, reaction, disappoint, disguise,imitate, neighborhood, fortune, handful, employment, assistant1. You will find several shops in the . There is no need to go shopping in town.2. Generally speaking, a(n) person usually works hard.3. Hundr

21、eds of people leave their poor villages to seek their in big cities.4. The shop was not in the least afraid of the trouble. The customers were all satisfied.5. Don't me by failing again, will you?6. Your argument is too weak to me. I still don't believe you.7. She disguised herself as a man,

22、 but she couldn't her voice.8. In the storm people usually take under the trees, but it's dangerous when there is thunder.9. Running away is our instinctive when we meet danger.10. Parrots could human speech, which amused us a lot.11. The expansion of the factory will mean the of sixty extra

23、 workers.12. We invited twenty people, but only a of them came.n.熱點語法：過去分詞(二)1、作原因狀語：過去分詞作原因狀語時相當于一個原因狀語從句，這類狀語多放在句首。eg: Born into a poor family (Because he was born into a poor family), he had only two years of schooling.Not satisfied with the result (Because we were not satisfied with the result),

24、 we decided to make the experiment again.2、作時間狀語：過去分詞作時間狀語時相當于一個時間狀語從句，可在分詞前用 when或while等連詞表 示強調。eg: Seen from the space (When it is seen from the space), the earth looks blue.When called (When he was called) by the nurse, the patient went out of the sickroom.3、作條件狀語：過去分詞作條件狀語時相當于一個條件狀語從句。eg: Given

25、more time (If we are given more time), we are sure to finish the task.Heated to one hundred degrees (If it is heated to one hundred degrees), water will boil.4、作方式或伴隨狀語：過去分詞作方式或伴隨狀語時不能用狀語從句替換，但可以改寫為并列句。eg: The gentleman used to travel around England, accompanied by his servants.f The gentleman used

26、to travel around England, and was accompanied by his servants.The teacher entered the classroom, followed by a group of students.f The teacher entered the classroom, and was followed by a group of students.5、作讓步狀語：過去分詞作讓步狀語時相當于一個讓步狀語從句，表示讓步的過去分詞(短語)要放在句首。eg: Wounded (Although he was wounded), the br

27、ave soldier continued to fight.Given all these facts (Although I was given all these facts), I wasn 't convinced.語法專練1. with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.A. Faced B. Face C. Facing D. To face2. automatically, the e-mail will be received by all the club members.A. Maile

28、d out B. Mailing out C. To be mailed out D. Having mailed out3. After his journey from abroad, Richard Joes returned home, .A. exhausting B. exhausted C. being exhausted D. having exhausted4. with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.A. Compare B. When comparing C.

29、 Comparing D. When compared5. by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.A. Attracting B. AttractedC. To be attracted D. Having attracted6. time, he'll make a first-class tennis player.A. Having given B. To giveC. GivingD. Given7. Unless to speak,

30、 you should remain silent at the conference.A. invitedB. invitingC. being invited D. having invited8. The research is so designed that once nothing can be done to change it.A. beginsB. Having begun C. beginning D. begun9. in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.A

31、. Being founded B. It was founded C. Founded D. Foundingm.綜合訓練一、單項選擇1. -I went to the seaside and got plenty of rest. You looked tired the last time I saw you.A. I hope so B. You said it C. That's great D. Have a good journey2. The wealth of a country should be measured the health and happiness

32、of its people as well as the material goods it can produce.A. in search of B. in case of C. in terms of D. in spite of3. If you don't all of your things from the desk, there won 't be enough room for my stationery.A. take up B. take over C. take away D. take on4. When the beautiful girl was

33、caught stealing, all of the people looked at her .A. in fear B. in amazement C. in need D. in disguise5. He was not sure about the answer to the difficult question, so he before replying.A. resisted B. hesitated C. hurried D. pretended6. -Did you know that Jim got full marks in the exam?-Yes, but he

34、 must have cheated in the exam, if I m not . You know he never studies hard.A. appropriate B. straightforward C. harmful D. mistaken7. The children in our school are into grades, according to how much they know.A. compared B. treated C. distinguished D. classified8. behind the curtain by his father,

35、 he saw everything that happened in the house.A. HideB. HidingC. HiddenD. To hide9. -Could you tell me how you got to know your boyfriend?-Well, I made his at a party two years ago.A. knowledge B. acquaintance C. impression D. discovery10. Our house on the hillside a beautiful view of the port.A. mo

36、nitors B. overlooks C. overhears D. witnesses11. -Wow, you have a really good voice. I you were good at singing. -Thank you.A. didn't knowB. don't knowC. haven't known D. hadn't known12. Tom was interested in singing his brother preferred to play basketball.A. otherwise B. sinceC. wh

37、ileD. unless13. The examination results in the speech of our headmaster delighted all of us.A. refer to B. referring to C. was referred to D. referred to14. A lot of language can be seen on many websites, which is very bad of for children.A. classic B. positive C. disgusting D. practical15. The spea

38、ker, for her splendid speeches, was warmly received by the audience.A. having known B. knowing C. to be known D. known二、完形填空My mother's dream of becoming a teacher was interrupted by an unexpected child: me. 16 my mother left the field of 17 formally, she did not leave it entirely.On the first d

39、ay of kindergarten, I 18 my lunch box, inside of which I found a note from my mother written on a 19 , saying that she loved me, that she was 20 of me and that I was the 21 kindergartener in the world! Because of that napkin note I made it through my first day of kindergarten and many more school da

40、ys to 22 .There have been many napkin notes since the first one. There were napkin notes in elementary school when I was 23 with math, telling me to Hang in there. You can do it! ” There were napkin notes in high school, 24 my basketball team was the first team in our school s 25 to play in a state

41、championship, telling me, There is no ' Iin a team. You have got this far 26 you know how to 27 .“ And there were even napkin notes which were 28 to me in college and graduate school, far away from my mother 's 29 touch. Despite the changes of college, majors, boyfriends, and the way I looke

42、d at the world, my mother 's encouragement and support 30 in years of love and napkin notes.At Christmas this year, my forty-four-year-old mother was 31 going back to school to earn her degree in teaching. I also gave her a Christmas gift for school: a lunch bag filled with her favorite foods. 3

43、2 she opened up her You can do it! ” napkin note 33 me, tears began running down her face. When her eyes met mine, I knew that she 34 my unspoken message: My mother is, and has always been, a(n) 35 .16. A. Now thatB. Even thoughC. As ifD. Ever since17. A. artB. scienceC. educationD. agriculture18. A

44、. carriedB. closedC. movedD.opened19. A. towelB. handkerchiefC. napkinD. cloth20. A. proudB. afraidC. frightenedD. ashamed21. A. worstB. bestC. cleverestD. prettiest22. A. arriveB. beginC.spendD. follow23. A. satisfiedB. workingC. armedD. struggling24. A. butB. otherwiseC. whenD. unless25. A. stadiu

45、mB. historyC. systemD. campus26. A. becauseB. thoughC. butD. or27. A. performB. behaveC. shareD. compete28. A. explainedB. sentC. exposedD.handed29. A. mentalB. materialC. physicalD. spiritual30. A. endedB. repeatedC. fadedD. disappeared31. A. finallyB. suddenlyC. hardlyD. totally32. A. BeforeB. AsC

46、. AlthoughD. Because33. A. forB. toC. fromD. with34. A. inventedD. understoodB. forgotC. passed35. A. parentB. studentC. expertD. teacher三、閱讀理解Do you ever leave the water running in the morning as you brush your teeth? You probably don 't even think about water because it is always there when yo

47、u turn on the tap （ 水龍頭）.Imagine that you spend eight hours a day looking for and collecting water from a dirty stream. Imagine having to drunk that dirty water because you have no other choice. Millions of people in Africa and developing countries around the world go through this every day.A person

48、 can live only a few days without water. The water that people are often forced to drink would be called disgusting by children in the U.S. Worldwide, 2,000 children die every day from drinking unsanitary water. Dirty water spreads disease, making it one of the leading causes of death in poor countr

49、ies. TIME for kids attended a discussion on clean water at the TIME Global Health Summit in New York City.When TFK asked how kids can help with the water problems, Minister Mutagamba replied, They are trying to make a program in schools to teach children about this subject. " She went on to say

50、 that children would be able to pass their knowledge on to their communities and parents. Jeff Seabright explained that Coca-Cola now provides a lot of water to local communities. He also mentioned that he had just visited his daughter's school inAtlanta, Georgia to teach students about water is

51、sues facing Atlanta residents.In the U.S., organizations such as The Clean Water Fund and The Sierra Club devote themselves to protecting our water from pollution and waste.36. What can we learn from the passage?A. Clean water is running out in some places of the United States. B. Clean water is bei

52、ng polluted badly in some places of the world.1. Children are taught how to collect water in poor countries.2. Some people and organizations realize that there are water problems and take action. 37. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. People in some places have to drink water

53、from dirty rivers.B. A person can only live for severaldays without water.C. TFK is an organization which focuses on solving water problems. D. Coca-Cola provides water to local communities.38. What does the underlined phrase unsanitary water" refer to in the second paragraph?A. Water that is d

54、irty but not harmful.B. Water that is dirty and likely to spread disease.C. Water that is clean and healthy.D. Water that is clean but contains some bacteria.39. How can kids help with the water problems?A. They can call on the government to take action. B. They can set up some organizations to take

55、 action.C. They can pass their knowledge on to their parents. D. They can raise money to deal with water pollution. 40. What can we learn from the passage?A. Minister Mutagamba attended the TIME Global Health Summit in New York City.B. Jeff Seabright's daughter taught the students about water is

56、sues in a school.C. The Sierra Club is busy protecting water from being polluted in remote areas.D. There are millions of people in Africa who can drink clean water.四、閱讀表達Beneath the ocean's surface, an active world surrounds the globe. A lot of spotted fish swim through coral reefs.But time is

57、running out for these underwater treasures. Last month, at the National Oceanic and AtmosphericAdministration 's coral-reef meeting, researchers warned that 60% of the world's coral could die within the next 25 years. About 27% of the living underwater cities have already been lost.Though so

58、me coral formations are similar to lifeless stones, coral is made up of tiny animals called coral polyps. They grow and divide to build coral colonies. , their bones are left behind. New corals grow on top, forming reefs. The complex reef ecosystem covers less than 1% of the ocean floor, yet support

59、s about 25% of all marine life. An ecosystem is a partnership between living things and their environment.The destruction of coral reefs puts many species at risk of extinction. Some researchers say that at least I million species of plants and animals live in the world 's reefs. On October 29, scientists said they had discovered new reef speci