大學生英語競賽作文

1、評分標準評分標準作文評分標準作文評分標準一、評分原則：一、評分原則：1. 1. 本題滿分為本題滿分為I 10I 10分；分；II 20 II 20 分，按四個檔次給分。分，按四個檔次給分。2. 2. 評分時，先根據(jù)文章的內容和語言初步確定其所屬檔次，然后以該檔評分時，先根據(jù)文章的內容和語言初步確定其所屬檔次，然后以該檔次的要求來衡量、確定或調整本檔次，最后給分。次的要求來衡量、確定或調整本檔次，最后給分。3. I 3. I 詞數(shù)少于詞數(shù)少于100100，II II 詞數(shù)少于詞數(shù)少于160160，從總分中減去，從總分中減去2 2分。分。4. 4. 如書寫較差，以致影響閱卷，將分數(shù)降低一檔。如書寫

2、較差，以致影響閱卷，將分數(shù)降低一檔。二、各檔次給分范圍和要求：二、各檔次給分范圍和要求：第四檔（很好）：第四檔（很好）：I 9-10I 9-10分；分；II 16-20 II 16-20 分分完全符合寫作格式的要求，覆蓋所有內容要點，表達思想清楚，文字通順，連貫性很好，完全符合寫作格式的要求，覆蓋所有內容要點，表達思想清楚，文字通順，連貫性很好，基本上無詞匯和語法錯誤。基本上無詞匯和語法錯誤。第三檔（好）：第三檔（好）：I 6-8 I 6-8 分；分；II 11-15 II 11-15 分分基本符合寫作格式的要求，有個別地方表達思想不夠清楚，文字基本通順、連貫，有少量基本符合寫作格式的要求，有

3、個別地方表達思想不夠清楚，文字基本通順、連貫，有少量詞匯和語法錯誤。詞匯和語法錯誤。第二檔（一般）：第二檔（一般）：I 3-5 I 3-5 分；分；II 6-10 II 6-10 分分未恰當完成寫作格式的要求，漏掉內容要點，表達思想不清楚，文字多處出現(xiàn)詞匯和語法未恰當完成寫作格式的要求，漏掉內容要點，表達思想不清楚，文字多處出現(xiàn)詞匯和語法錯誤，影響了對寫作內容的理解。錯誤，影響了對寫作內容的理解。第一檔（差）：第一檔（差）：I 1-2 I 1-2 分；分；II 1-5 II 1-5 分分未完成寫作格式的要求，明顯遺漏主要內容，表達思想紊亂，有較多詞匯和語法的重大錯未完成寫作格式的要求，明顯遺漏

4、主要內容，表達思想紊亂，有較多詞匯和語法的重大錯誤，未能將信息傳達給讀者。誤，未能將信息傳達給讀者。0 0分分白卷；作文與題目毫不相關；內容太少，無法評判；所寫內容無法看清白卷；作文與題目毫不相關；內容太少，無法評判；所寫內容無法看清。Pie Chart（餅狀圖）（餅狀圖）percentage 比例比例land degradation 土壤退化土壤退化This pie chart shows leisure activities British teenagers liked best in 2009. From this graph, it can be seen that 41% of t

5、he British teenagers chose listening to music as their favorite leisure activity. The second popular leisure activity for teenagers in the UK (accounting for/constituting 23%)was playing computer games. Watching sport and playing sport enjoyed equal popularity, chosen by 13% of the teenagers in ques

6、tion respectively. Only one in ten of the subjects considered reading as their favorite leisure activity. 常用詞匯常用詞匯1.句式要有變化。句式要有變化。2.用詞要有變化。用詞要有變化。3. 客觀描述，數(shù)據(jù)至上，避免不必要的評論?？陀^描述，數(shù)據(jù)至上，避免不必要的評論。圖表作文開頭段常用替換圖表作文開頭段常用替換1. show: describe, demonstrate, reflect, indicate, reveal, present, illustrate, provide an

7、overview（概覽）（概覽） of, provide an overall view of, provide a breakdown(細分）細分） of, 2. “占據(jù)占據(jù)” A takes up/ account for/ constitute/ make up X% of total e.g. 在在2009年，英國喜歡在休閑時間聽音樂的青少年占總青少年人數(shù)的年，英國喜歡在休閑時間聽音樂的青少年占總青少年人數(shù)的41%。 In 2009, teenagers who liked listening to music in their leisure time took up 41% of

8、the total in England. A is composed of/ is made up of X% of B, Y% of C e.g. 發(fā)電的能源由發(fā)電的能源由50%的煤，的煤，30%的水力發(fā)電和的水力發(fā)電和20%的油構成。的油構成。 The energy source for power generation is composed of 50% of coal, 30% of hydro power and 20% of oil. The percentage/ proportion of A is X%.e.g. 2002年，食物開銷占的比例為年，食物開銷占的比例為45%

9、。 The percentage of expenditure on food was 45% in 2002.常用句型常用句型93. “倍數(shù)倍數(shù)”翻番翻番: double/ triple e.g. M公司公司9月的利潤比月的利潤比5月翻了一倍。月翻了一倍。 The profit of company M doubled from May to September.A是是B的的X倍倍 e.g.女生的數(shù)量大約是男生的三倍。女生的數(shù)量大約是男生的三倍。倍數(shù)倍數(shù) + that of + n. The number of girls is about 3 times that of boys.倍數(shù)倍數(shù)

10、+as.as The number of girls is about 3 times as big as boys.倍數(shù)倍數(shù)+比較級比較級+than The number of girls is about twice bigger than boys.常用句型常用句型Line Chart 線狀圖線狀圖tendency趨勢趨勢Population of birds in Europe over a period of 24 yearsThe line graph/chart shows the change of the bird population in Europe, measured

11、 in million, from 1977 to 2001, in three-year intervals. Overall, the graph indicates the population decreased over time. In 1977, the population was 120 million birds. This increased to a peak of about 126 million in 1980, and then dropped sharply over the next six years to approximately 98 million

12、 in 1986. It then rose significantly to about 112 million in 1989. It fell sharply over the next three years to about 95 million in 1992 and remained relatively stable after that at between 96 and 90 million birds. The graph shows a trend of a gradual decrease in the number of birds since 1995.1.客觀性

13、寫作：客觀性寫作：描述圖表信息，不表描述圖表信息，不表達個人觀點達個人觀點千萬不可以出現(xiàn)千萬不可以出現(xiàn) I think 我認為這些字我認為這些字樣。樣。2. 詳盡性寫作：詳盡性寫作：起點，拐點，終點，起點，拐點，終點，變化趨勢必須交代清楚變化趨勢必須交代清楚曲線曲線趨勢趨勢1.上升上升,增加：增加： go up, climb up, increase, rise, show an upward trend 增加了增加了 increase by 增加到增加到 increase to 2. 急劇上升急劇上升,大幅度上升：大幅度上升：(1) jump, shoot up, surge, soar (

14、不加修飾語不加修飾語)(2) go up / increase / rise / climb up + sharply / rapidly / dramatically / significantly/ substantially （3）a sharp/ dramatic/significant/substantial increase in. 3.下降下降,減少：減少：decrease, decline, fall, drop, go downshow a downward trend 4. 急劇下降，大幅度下降：急劇下降，大幅度下降：plummet, plunge (不加修飾語不加修飾語)

15、+sharply / rapidly / dramatically / significantly/ substantially 5.波動波動,(在在間間)起伏不定：起伏不定：fluctuate v.用法：用法：fluctuate between and fluctuate over the period of fluctuate over these 24 hoursfluctuation n. 用法：用法：rise with some fluctuations(總體趨勢總體趨勢-上升）上升）6. 保持平穩(wěn)，平衡，靜止不動：保持平穩(wěn)，平衡，靜止不動：remain / stay/ keep s

16、table/ unchanged at+數(shù)字數(shù)字/百分比百分比This increased to a peak of. 增加至最高點增加至最高點+數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)XX shows an upward trend, peaking at. 呈現(xiàn)出增加的趨勢，達呈現(xiàn)出增加的趨勢，達到最高點到最高點+數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)Self-esteem was lowest among young adults, but increased throughout adulthood, peaking at age 60, before it started to decline. 自尊心在年輕的成年人中為最低，隨著年齡的增高也逐

17、步提高，自尊心在年輕的成年人中為最低，隨著年齡的增高也逐步提高，在在60歲時達到了頂峰，然后開始下降。歲時達到了頂峰，然后開始下降。The number/percentage reached the bottom bar graph(柱狀圖）柱狀圖） comparison 比較比較比較：比較：類比：類比：similarly, likewise, 對比：對比：unlike, conversely, in / by contrast , on the contrary, in comparison, A, while / whereas /whilst BSample Writing1. 開頭綜述

18、部分不可少。開頭綜述部分不可少。2. Make comparisons where relevant. 對比并不是針對圖表中任一數(shù)據(jù)進行對比，對比并不是針對圖表中任一數(shù)據(jù)進行對比，而是針對圖表的主要特征來進行對比。而是針對圖表的主要特征來進行對比。3.做到句式用詞有變化，語言清晰準確，簡做到句式用詞有變化，語言清晰準確，簡潔客觀。潔客觀。 圖表作文開頭段的寫法圖表作文開頭段的寫法開頭段的寫法：改寫轉述題目開頭段的寫法：改寫轉述題目1.改變題干中關鍵詞的改變題干中關鍵詞的詞性詞性2. 改變題干中關鍵詞的改變題干中關鍵詞的位置位置3.同義替換同義替換,同義轉換同義轉換4.加入圖表中的其他文字信息加

19、入圖表中的其他文字信息(時間，性別，國時間，性別，國家家,對象對象)5.開頭段永遠是一般現(xiàn)在時開頭段永遠是一般現(xiàn)在時原題干原題干:The graph below shows the enrollments of overseas students and local students in Britains universities. The given bar chart demonstrates the (說明圖表類型）說明圖表類型） (同義替換同義替換)proportion of foreign students and local (添加新信息添加新信息) (同義替換同義替換)stud

20、ents enrolled in Britains universities (關鍵詞詞性和位置關鍵詞詞性和位置)from 1989 to 1999. (添加新信息添加新信息) 開頭段開頭段1. 餅狀圖的題干：餅狀圖的題干：The graph below shows us the informationhow electricity is used in an average English home. 范例范例1. The pie chart above provides a breakdown(分類）分類） of what the electricity is used for in a

21、common English family/household. 范例范例2. The given pie chart demonstrates the percentage / proportion about what the electricity is used for in a common English family. 1. 餅狀圖主體段寫法餅狀圖主體段寫法第一句話：說明餅狀圖的組成部分第一句話：說明餅狀圖的組成部分第二句話：說明占比例最大的部分第二句話：說明占比例最大的部分第三句話以后：說明占比例第二的部分（或第三句話以后：說明占比例第二的部分（或者：把剩下的幾部分分類，把比例

22、相同的者：把剩下的幾部分分類，把比例相同的部分捏合到一起說明）部分捏合到一起說明）主體段第一句開頭主體段第一句開頭“由圖可見由圖可見”的常用表達：的常用表達： It can be clearly seen from the chart that As can be clearly seen from the chart, It is apparent/ obvious / evident / manifest from the. chart that單曲線圖開頭段單曲線圖開頭段開頭段：開頭段：The line chart illustrates the data about people at

23、 a London subway station from 6 a.m. to 10 p.m.線狀圖主體段寫法線狀圖主體段寫法 第一句：描述曲線的總體趨勢第一句：描述曲線的總體趨勢 第二句：從第二句：從起點起點開始描述開始描述 第三句以后：第三句以后：拐點，最高點，最低點，終點，拐點，最高點，最低點，終點，變化趨勢變化趨勢必須交代清楚，不必交代所有數(shù)據(jù)必須交代清楚，不必交代所有數(shù)據(jù)（曲線圖（曲線圖6大要素）大要素） . This humourous/witty睿智的睿智的/profound 深刻的深刻的/enlightening 富于啟發(fā)性的富于啟發(fā)性的/instructive 具有教育意義的

24、具有教育意義的/influential quotation/ remark by XXX makes one pause to reflect on/ponder on. 大作文模板句大作文模板句Simple as the sentence may sound, it definitely tells us a profound truth that. it contains abundant life philosophy and informs us of .這句話聽起來似乎簡單，卻的確告訴了我們這句話聽起來似乎簡單，卻的確告訴了我們這樣一個深刻的道理這樣一個深刻的道理./卻包含著豐富的人

25、生卻包含著豐富的人生哲理，提醒我們哲理，提醒我們.其他開頭方式其他開頭方式George Washington Carver tells us that ( 高度總結引言內涵）高度總結引言內涵）(p.19)(舉例證明引言正確）。舉例證明引言正確）。 Just like what Thoreau has said, Many men go fishing all of their lives without knowing that it is not fish they are after.(p.51)P. 68(闡述引言內涵）闡述引言內涵）According to the definition

26、 of the dictionary, _is a fool. Some_belong to this group.The wise men, however, know themselves to be foolish, which means_. The famous quotation by William Shakespear is known to us since his time.In my personal point of view, the fool.the wise men.句子多樣性句子多樣性長短句子結合，疑問句，祈使句和感嘆句，簡單句、長短句子結合，疑問句，祈使句和感

27、嘆句，簡單句、并列句和復合句交替使用。并列句和復合句交替使用。靈活運用各種句子結構，如倒裝句、省略句、強調句、靈活運用各種句子結構，如倒裝句、省略句、強調句、非謂語動詞，使文章語言生動，富于表現(xiàn)力。非謂語動詞，使文章語言生動，富于表現(xiàn)力。 句子寫作多樣化的方法句子寫作多樣化的方法一、改變句子開頭一、改變句子開頭二、巧用連接詞二、巧用連接詞 三、長短句交替三、長短句交替 四、利用倒裝結構四、利用倒裝結構 句子寫作的多樣化句子寫作的多樣化一、改變句子開頭一、改變句子開頭 寫作中多用寫作中多用主謂賓，主系表結構容易讓讀者厭倦。主謂賓，主系表結構容易讓讀者厭倦。A.Peoplethroughout t

28、he country have demanded all kinds of nutritious food. B.There is a 點評：既改變了主語謂語賓語單調句型，又把想點評：既改變了主語謂語賓語單調句型，又把想強調的意思突出出來。強調的意思突出出來。 demand across the country for all kinds of nutritious food. 1.用副詞開頭用副詞開頭 Too often，students stray into the habit of cheating on tests. Air，water and oxygen，everything th

29、at is necessary for life . Dark and empty，the house looked very different from the way I remembered it. Equally essential to the success in learning a language are intense interest plus persistent effort. 5.用賓語開頭用賓語開頭 My advice you would not listen to；my helps you laughed at. Now you will have what

30、you asked for. 1）以介詞短語開頭）以介詞短語開頭 To me the news was very interesting， but to my wife，very boring. 2）以分詞短語開頭）以分詞短語開頭 Disturbed by the discord of American life in recent decades，Manchester took flight for the pacific islands. 3）以不定式短語開頭）以不定式短語開頭 To pass the exam，you should work very hard. The Mississi

31、ppi River is one of the longest rivers in the world，and in spring it often overflows its banks，and the lives of many people are endangered. 此句用and把三個分句一貫到底，表達乏味，如用關系代詞which，語義更連貫，語言更流暢. The Mississippi River，which is one of the longest rivers in the world，often overflows its banks in the spring ，end

32、angering the lives of many people. 二：二： 簡單句過多會造成簡單句堆砌；簡單句過多會造成簡單句堆砌；句子結構松散?？梢試L試用長句句子結構松散?？梢試L試用長句使句子邏輯關系更清楚。使句子邏輯關系更清楚。長短句交替長短句交替 長句和短句各有其優(yōu)點和缺點。長句和短句各有其優(yōu)點和缺點。長句長句，因用定語、狀語較多，因用定語、狀語較多，限制了概念的外延，增大了概念內涵，比較精確、嚴密，但不夠限制了概念的外延，增大了概念內涵，比較精確、嚴密，但不夠活潑簡便。活潑簡便。短句短句，由于字數(shù)少，直截了當，較簡潔、明快、有力，由于字數(shù)少，直截了當，較簡潔、明快、有力，但不利于表

33、達復雜語義內容。在寫作中，最好長短句交替使用。但不利于表達復雜語義內容。在寫作中，最好長短句交替使用。既體現(xiàn)了節(jié)奏要求，也是意義需要。例如：既體現(xiàn)了節(jié)奏要求，也是意義需要。例如： （1）We can imagine the beautiful surroundings.（2）There are many trees along the streets.（3）There is a clean river in the city.（4） There are many fishes in the river.（5）There are willow trees on one side.（6）There

34、 are some pieces of grassland on the other side.（7）There are many flowers on them. You try!簡單句，結構單一、表達單調。用從句、倒裝句修改簡單句，結構單一、表達單調。用從句、倒裝句修改Just imagine the beautiful surroundings：Green trees line（聳立（聳立在在.兩側）兩側） the streets. A clean river winds through（蜿蜒流（蜿蜒流過）過） the city，in which a lot of fishes abou

35、nd（大量存在）（大量存在）. On one side stand rows of willow trees and on the other side lies（靜靜躺（靜靜躺著）著） a stretch of grassland sprinkled with（被（被.點綴）點綴） many flowers. 四、利用倒裝結構四、利用倒裝結構 You cant find such enthusiasm for applying for hosting the 2008 Olympic Games in any other places in the world . Freshmen are

36、permitted to take make-up tests only under special circumstances.In no other places in the world can you find such enthusiasm for applying for hosting the 2008 Olympic Games. Only under special circumstances are freshmen permitted to take make-up tests. 句子多樣性實例句子多樣性實例一一 、改變時態(tài)、改變時態(tài) The bell is ringin

37、g now. 一般一般 二二 、改變語態(tài)、改變語態(tài) People suggest that the conference be put off. 一般一般 三、三、 使用不定式使用不定式 He is so kind that he can help me.一般一般 四四 、使用過去分詞、使用過去分詞 She walked out of the lab and many students followed her. 一般一般 Once it is seen, it can never be forgotten.一般一般 There goes the bell. 特殊特殊 It is sugges

38、ted that the conference be put off. 特殊特殊 He is so kind as to help me. 特殊特殊 Followed by many students, she walked out of the lab 特殊特殊. Once seen, it can never be forgotten. 特殊特殊五五 使用使用 v- ing When he arrives，please give me an e-mail一般一般 If the weather permits ,I will come tomorrow.一般一般 六六 使用名詞性從句使用名詞

39、性從句 It disappointed everybody that he didnt turn up.一般一般 I happened to have met him.一般一般 To his surprise, the little girl knows so many things.一般一般 On arriving /his arrival, I will come tomorrow, weather permitting. .特殊特殊 It happened that I had met him. 特殊特殊 What surprises him is that the little gir

40、l knows so many things. 特殊特殊七七 使用定語從句使用定語從句 The girl is spoken highly of. Her composition was well written.一般 八八 使用狀語從句使用狀語從句 I wont believe what he says.一般一般 If you come back before six oclock, you can go out.一般一般 If she doesnt agree, what shall we do? 一般一般 No matter what he says, I wont believe it

41、.特殊特殊 You can go out on condition that you come back before six oclock. Supposing that she doesnt agree, what shall we do? 特殊特殊 寫長難句寫長難句 How to develop complex sentences 步驟步驟 1. 寫出寫出key words，確認中心骨架，確認中心骨架 2. 邏輯排列，邏輯排列，logical arrangements 3. 加工潤色，加工潤色，colorize 具體方法具體方法 1.寫引導詞：包括起承轉合例（讓句子變得有邏輯）寫引導詞：

42、包括起承轉合例（讓句子變得有邏輯） .寫插入語（讓句子變得客觀）寫插入語（讓句子變得客觀） 3.寫從句（讓句子變得多樣）寫從句（讓句子變得多樣） 4.寫后置定語或定語從句（讓句子變得高端）寫后置定語或定語從句（讓句子變得高端） 加分結構：加分結構： 插入語插入語插入語多半用逗號隔開，可能是一個詞、一個短語或一個句子，插入語多半用逗號隔開，可能是一個詞、一個短語或一個句子，例如：例如： that is to say換句換句話話說說to a certain extent在某種程度上在某種程度上 to some degree 一定程度上，一定程度上，to a larger degree 在很大程度上在很大程度上 for one reason or another 因為某種原因因為某種原因to put it in another way 換言之換言之 directly or indirectly 直接或間接直接或間接 in other words 換句話說換句話說 ，as a matter of fact 事實上事實上 常用插入語常用插入語 副詞副詞：indeed的確，的確，surely無疑，無疑，obviously顯然，顯然，frankl