第十章簡單句并列句復(fù)合句

1、簡單句只有一個(gè)主語（或并列主語）和一個(gè)謂語（或并列謂語）的句子叫做簡單 句。The old man lives in this village （. 一個(gè)主語 +一個(gè)謂語）Li Qi ng and Li Hui went there together.并列主語 +個(gè)謂語）She went out ,bought a bottle of wine and returned hurriedly.（ 一個(gè)主語 +三個(gè) 并列謂語）They are twins.（個(gè)主語+連系動(dòng)詞+表語）She always keeps the room clean and tidy一個(gè)主語 +個(gè)謂語）英語簡單句五種基本

2、句型（一）:基本句型一 :主+系+表此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同的特點(diǎn) :句子謂語動(dòng)詞都不能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思 , 必須加上一個(gè)表明主語身份或狀態(tài)的表語構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語,才能表達(dá)完整的意思 .這類動(dòng)詞叫做連系動(dòng)詞 .系動(dòng)詞分兩類 :be, look, keep, seem, feel, remain, prove, smell, sound, hold, stay,stand （保持）等屬一類，表示情況;get, grow, become, turn, come ,go，等屬另一類，表示變化.其中be本身沒有什么意義，只起連系主語和 表語的作用 .其它系動(dòng)詞仍保持其部分詞義 .1. This is an

3、 English-Chinese dictionary.2. The dinner smells good.3. His face turned red.4. Everything looks different.5. He is growing tall and strong.連系動(dòng)詞不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)（若用作行為動(dòng)詞除外）?！菊?The apple tastes sweet 這. 蘋果嘗起來很甜?！菊`】 The apple is tasted sweet.作表語的一般不能是-ly結(jié)尾的副詞，否則句子不能成立。下面句子中常采用形容詞做表語，在表語的后面常常接不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：I ' m

4、 happy to meet you.They are willi ng to help you.We are determ ined to follow his example.常見系動(dòng)詞采用it作形式主語的有如下：It seems that （看來）It appears that （看來）It appears/seems as if-（看起來好像）It turned out that （原來）（二）：基本句型二：主+謂（不及物動(dòng)詞）.這類此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)，即句子的謂語動(dòng)詞都能表達(dá)完整的意思 動(dòng)詞叫做不及物動(dòng)詞，后面可以跟副詞，介詞短語，狀語從句等.1. The sun was s

5、hi ning.2. The moon rose.3. What he said does not matter.4. They talked for half an hour.5. The pen writes smoothly.注意事項(xiàng)：不接賓語，因此沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)?！菊?The music sounds sweet.【誤】 The music is sounded sweet.【正】 The pen belongs to you.【誤】 The pen is belonged to you.常見使用主動(dòng)語態(tài)的動(dòng)詞有：blame,happe n,takeplace,breakout,occ

6、ur,comeabout,bel ong to, keep Ion g, lose heart 等。有一類詞與easily,well.smoothly連用來說明主語的性質(zhì)，特點(diǎn)的詞也常常 看作是不及物動(dòng)詞。常見的有：sell, wash, write, clea n, cook等詞。例如：The cloth washes easily/well這衣服很好洗。The books sell well. The pen writeswell.常見瞬間性動(dòng)詞采用it當(dāng)形式主語的有如下：It so happe ned that碰巧，說來也巧It occurred to me that我突然想到It fo

7、llows that從而，于是乎，這樣一來【正】It suddenly occurred to him that the keys might be left in the car.【誤】 That the keys might be left in the car suddenly occurred to him.（三）：基本句型三：主+謂（及物）+賓此句型句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：謂語動(dòng)詞都具有實(shí)義，都是主語產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)作，但不能 表達(dá)完整的意思，必須跟有一個(gè)賓語，即動(dòng)作的承受者，才能使意思完整.這類動(dòng)詞 叫做及物動(dòng)詞.1. Who knows the an swer？2. He enjoys rea

8、d ing.3. He admits that he was mistake n.（四）：基本句型四：主+謂（及物）+雙賓（間賓+直賓）此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn) :謂語動(dòng)詞必須跟有兩個(gè)賓語才能表達(dá)完整的 意思 .這兩個(gè)賓語一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的直接承受者 ,另一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的間接承受者 .通常這一 間接承受者用一個(gè)介詞來連接 ,當(dāng)動(dòng)作的間接承受者在動(dòng)作的直接承受者之前時(shí),這一介詞往往被省略 .1. She ordered herself a new dress.2. I showed him my pictures.3. He bought you a dictionary.4. I told him t

9、hat the bus was late.5. He showed me how to run the machine.注意事項(xiàng)：(1) .常見使用雙賓語的動(dòng)詞有：give,bri ng,tell,se nd,leave,pass,read,write,take ,show ,teach, get等 以外，還有 award, lend, rent, buy ,pay, hand, recommend等 She gives me a book.(2) .同時(shí)要注意介詞的使用，如果是要使用介詞to 時(shí),多數(shù)時(shí)候是表示動(dòng)作的方向。如 give, tell, send, write, show, pa

10、y, hand, recommend 等等。1. The schoolmaster awarded the prize to me.2.She gave her telephone number to me。3.He handed a letter to me。(3) .如果使用 for 時(shí),多數(shù)時(shí)候是表示動(dòng)作的目的。如 buy, make, sing, cook 等等。1. They left Beijing for shanghai .2. My parents buy a computer for me.3.She sang a folk for us 4.She cooked a de

11、licious meal for us（五）基本句型五 主+謂（及物）+復(fù)合賓語（賓+賓補(bǔ)）此句型的句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞，但是只跟一個(gè)賓語還不能 表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來補(bǔ)足賓語，才能使意思完整.1. They pain ted the door gree n.2. They found the house deserted.3. What makes him thi nk so?4. We saw him out.5. He asked me to come back soon.6. I saw them gett ing on the bus at that

12、time.常見的接雙賓語的動(dòng)詞有：appoint（任命），believe（相信），call（稱）catch（發(fā) 現(xiàn)）elect（選舉）,feel（感到）,find （發(fā)現(xiàn)）,like （希望），hear （聽到），keep （保 持）,leave （聽任）discover （發(fā)現(xiàn)）,make （使），need （需要）,prefer （寧 愿）,prove （證明），see （看見）,warn （警告）等等。注意事項(xiàng)：keep, get, find, set, push, turn, wish等常接形容詞作賓補(bǔ).例如：The sun keeps us warm.choose, elect, c

13、all, name, make等常接名詞短語作賓補(bǔ)。例如： They choose Mr. Smithchairma n。Keep, find, leave，watch，feel，smell，see等常接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ).例 女口： He kept mewaiting。Watch, have, let，make，see， notice，observe，feel 等常接動(dòng)詞不定式 作賓補(bǔ)。例如：I watched him en ter the shop。Have, get, hear， make，want等常接過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。例如： Where did you have themprinted ？

14、介詞短語也可以作賓補(bǔ).例如：You may leave the child in my care【真題演練】1. A quarrellast Sun day, and hehis family.A. was broke n out; broke awayB. broke out ;broke awayC. was broke out; broke away fromD. broke out; broke away from【解析】：選D. break out不及物動(dòng)詞短語，A、C形式錯(cuò)誤，根據(jù)語境可 選出D。2. Wecommuni sma ndfirmlythatcom mun istwil

15、lsurelyberealizedthroughouttheworld.A. believe; believe B. believe in; believe in C .believe ;believe in D. believe ； believe【解析】：選D.前一空為信仰，信奉”，后一空為相信”。第一空必須又 介詞in，否側(cè)意義錯(cuò)誤。3. We don ' t care if a hunting dog smells, but we really don' t、smellA well, wellB. badly, badlyC. well, badD. badly, ba

16、d【解析】：選D.前半句smells是不及物動(dòng)詞，badly修飾smells,而后半句smell與bad是系表結(jié)構(gòu)。4. These oran ges taste.A. goodB. wellC. to be goodD .to be well【解析】：選A. taste為系動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)用形容詞（加以修飾）做表語。5.Doyou thi nk we canClass Three in the basketball match this eve ning ?A. winB. beatC. hitD. get【解析】：選B. beat+對(duì)手，win+活動(dòng)。Beat class three及物動(dòng)詞bea

17、t的賓語為對(duì)手Class+three6. They apologized for not being able to .A offer us teaB. offer tea usC. offering us teaD. offeredtea【解析】：選A. offer sb sth。主動(dòng)提供某人某物。Offer后可跟雙賓語，相 當(dāng)于 offer sth tosb。7. They 've us $150,000for the house, Shall we take it ?（2湖00南4 ）A. providedB. suppliedC. shownD. offered【解析】：選.D

18、. A、B兩項(xiàng)后不能接雙賓語，C項(xiàng)與句意不符，故選D。8. There comes awoman herself Joan ,you know her .A. callingB. calledC. who he callsD .iscalling【解析】：選.A.現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語，意為自稱是-的人”9.If anyone happens to drop in while I am out , him or her leave amessage.（2005福建）A .haveB. getC .askD. tell【解析】：選A. have sb do sth, B、C、D后都應(yīng)跟動(dòng)詞不定式的復(fù)

19、合結(jié) 構(gòu)，即 get/ask/tellsb to do.10 Her talent and experience her to the respect of her colleagues（. 2003上海） A. permittedB .qualifiedC. deservedD. entitled【解析】：選 D.permit “允許“,（1）后加名 /代、動(dòng)名詞；（ 2）后加賓語 +to do sth；qualify （“使）具有資格,給（人）某種權(quán)利 ”。其搭配式 qualifysb. for/as sth.; deserve 應(yīng)受（“獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)等）,值得 ”,后直接加賓語； entitle

20、給“予某人獲 得某事物或做某事的權(quán)利 ”,其常用搭配式 entitlesb并列句 由并列連詞把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡單句連在一起的句子,叫并列句。常用 的并列連詞有： and ,but ,or ,so ,yet ,for ,either-or- , not only-but also-, neither-nor 等等。The car broke dow n , so we had to find a teleph one 汽車出故障了，我們得找 電話。You can wait here and I ' ll come b你可以在這里等著，我很快就回 來。Not only had the p

21、oor man bee n arrested , but he had bee n sent to pris on as well .這個(gè)可憐的人不僅被逮捕，而且還被送進(jìn)了監(jiān)獄。注意事項(xiàng)：標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的正確使用（句號(hào)，逗號(hào)與分號(hào)在連接句子上的差異）：句號(hào)在英文中主要是連接一個(gè)完整的句子。I have bee n there many times .逗號(hào)則是連接一個(gè)句子內(nèi)部的并列成分：I will go to Sha nghai, Beiji ng, andShe nzhe n.a small,fa ncy bike.也用于連接兩個(gè)較長的獨(dú)立子句，而且每個(gè)句子的主語不同（常常會(huì)有并列連詞 and,

22、or, but,so, for）,女口 The Grizzlies were out of timeouts, and Miller missed a desperati on 3-po in ter as timeexpired.分號(hào)用來分隔地位平等的獨(dú)立子句分號(hào)常常與句子的連接副詞 （therefore,however,thus 等）一起使用.女口 I realize I need exercise; however, I' ldow n first to think about it.中國學(xué)生常誤用下面的句子 ：It was raining hard, they could no

23、t work in thefields.【誤】（原因：上面句子中劃橫線的部分是兩個(gè)不同的主語，而且逗點(diǎn)前后的句 子是完整的-單獨(dú)拿出來都能代表一個(gè)完整的意思。因此，用逗號(hào)違反了英文 規(guī)定，即一個(gè)句子只能有一套主干。）看看下面的句子：It was rai ning hard; they could n ot work in the fields.It was rai ning hard. They could n ot work in the fields.It was rai ning so hard that they could not work in the fields.They co

24、uld not work in the fields because it was raining hard.It was rai ning hard, so they could not work in the fields.As it was rai ning hard, they could not work in the fields.Buthoweveryetstill 的區(qū)別：But具有明顯的對(duì)比轉(zhuǎn)折之意，為并列連詞；however對(duì)比，轉(zhuǎn)折意稍弱，且為副詞。But用于分句之首，且其后無符號(hào)隔開，而however位置比較靈活，可置于分句之首，之中或之尾，且however之后常有逗號(hào)

25、。My n ame is Robert, but most of my friends call me Bob for short.He said that it was so; he was mistake n , however.Still除表示 依”然用于句中外，還可表示 盡管如此，依然”為副詞，前 用分號(hào)。He has treated you badly ; still , he' s your brother and you ought to help IShe was tired ; still she kept work ing .Yet可代替but但語氣較生硬。Yet可

26、與and連用，but卻不可。Yet可與though對(duì)應(yīng)使用，but卻不可。He worked hard， yet（but） he failed。It is strange, yet（ but）it is true。The book is not thick， and yet it ' s hard to read.Though /although he was ill, yet he man aged to come .并列連詞so不可與從屬連詞because連用?！菊縄 couldn ' t find my pen , so I wrote in pencil.【誤】 Be

27、cause I couldn ' t find my pen ,waote in pencil。And和or連接祈使句和陳述句。祈使句表示條件，陳述句表示結(jié)果。有時(shí)祈使句部分可用名詞短語構(gòu)成。Work hard ,and you ' ll succeed.二 If you work hard ,you' ll succeed.For可作并列連詞，表示原因。它與后面的分句對(duì)前一句話起到補(bǔ)充說明 的作用，其前常有逗號(hào)將前后兩部分隔開。It must have rained last ni ght , for the ground is wet.Because也可以表示原因，

28、但它是從屬連詞，它引導(dǎo)從句可以放于句首或 句末，而for與后面的分句只能放于前一分句的后面。Because從句講述的往往是直接原因，可用于回答 why引起的問句，而for則不可。While，并列連詞，用以表示對(duì)比或相反的情況，意為而，卻”I drink black coffee while he prefers it with cream.En glishis un derstoodallovertheworldwhileTurkish isspoke nbyonl yafewpeopleoutsideTurkey itself.【真題演練】I do every sin gle bit of

29、houseworkmy husba nd Bob just does the dishesnow and the n.A si nceB whileC whe nD as【解析】本句句意為：幾乎每間家務(wù)事都是我做，而我丈夫Bob只是偶爾洗洗盤子而已。顯然空白處應(yīng)填入一詞意為而，卻”表示前后意義的對(duì)比，只有 B項(xiàng)while符合要求。復(fù)合句由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成的句子，叫復(fù)合句。主句和從句 都具有完成的主語和謂語。從句常有連詞引導(dǎo)，起到修飾，說明主句的作用， 不能獨(dú)立存在。根據(jù)從句在全句中的不同作用，從句可以分為賓語從句，主語從句，表語 從句，同位語從句，定語從句和狀語從句。前四種從

30、句在復(fù)合句中的作用相當(dāng) 于名詞，統(tǒng)稱為名詞性從句。連接主句和從句的關(guān)連詞有以下幾類：1.從屬連詞That （無意義）,before（在之前）,whether（是否）,after（在之后）,if（假如，是否）,since （既然，自從），although （雖然），as soon as（就）because （因?yàn)椋?，as （so） long as （只要），when （當(dāng)時(shí)候）2.連接詞：連接代詞:whose，whom，which，what;連接畐U詞 when，why，where，how.3 關(guān)系詞：關(guān)系代詞： who， whom， whose， which， that 關(guān)系畐詞 when，

31、why， where各種例句：What he said has proved right . （主語從句 ）Everybody knows that money does n't grow on trees.（賓語從句）That's why I want you to work there. （表語從句）She told us her hope that she would become a pianist.同位語從句）He is the man who I saw in the park yesterday（. 定語從句）Where I live there are plen

32、ty of trees.（狀語從句）【真題演練】1. The artist was born poor,he rema in ed all his life.（2008重慶卷 32 題）A. andB. orC. butD.so.【解析】：選A.考查幾個(gè)常見連詞的意義。前半句說他出身貧苦”，后半句“他一生清貧 ”，因此可以判定兩個(gè)分句之間是順承關(guān)系，所以用并列連詞 and ,B項(xiàng)or表選擇關(guān)系 或者”；C項(xiàng)表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系；D項(xiàng)表因果關(guān)系。2. The companies are working together to create _they hope will be the best means

33、 of transportin the 21st century.（2008 北京卷 30 題）A. whichB. thatC. whatD. who【解析】：選C考查名詞性從句。從create 一詞可判斷本句為賓語從句。 在從句中they hope為干擾因素，它在句子中視為插入語，這樣就很容易看出從 句沒有主語，故 B 項(xiàng)錯(cuò)。 A 項(xiàng) which 后面一般需要加名詞，如 which room you live in ;D 項(xiàng) who 指代人。3. (08 江蘇卷 '27) It is oftesnaidthat the joy of traveling is _ in arriving at yourdestination _ inthe journey itself.A.不填；butB.不填；orC. not; orD. not; but【解析】：選D.考查常用句型。Not-but-不是-而是-”，接平行結(jié)構(gòu)。意為 “人們常說，旅行的樂趣不在到達(dá)目的地，而在旅行過程本身。 ”4. (08 湖南卷'23)1 thought we ' dbe llateclbn Cert,we ended upgetting there aheadof time.A. butB