新視野大學(xué)第三版book2課后翻譯

1、中國書法(calligraphy)旦TH門獨(dú)特的藝術(shù)、是世界上獨(dú)一無二的藝術(shù)瑰寶。中國書法藝術(shù)7的形成，發(fā)展與漢文字的產(chǎn)生與演進(jìn)存在著密不可分的關(guān)系。漢字在漫長的演變發(fā)展過程中， 一方面起著交流思想、繼承文化的重要作用，另一方面它本身又形成了一種獨(dú)特的藝術(shù)。書法 能夠通過作品把書法家個人的生活感受、學(xué)識、修養(yǎng)、個性等折射出來，所以，通常有“字如 其人”的說法。中國書法不僅是中華民族的文化瑰寶，而且在世界文化藝術(shù)寶庫中獨(dú)放異彩。Chinese calligraphy is a unique art and the unique art treasure in the world. The for

2、mation and development of the Chinese calligraphy is closely related to the emergence and evolution of Chinese characters. In this long evolutionary process, Chinese characters have not only played an important role in exchanging ideas and transmitting culture but also developed into a unique art fo

3、rm. Calligraphic works well reflect calligraphers' personal feelings, knowledge, self-cultivation, personality, and so forth, thus there is an expression that "seeing the calligrapher's handwriting is like seeing the person". As one of the treasures o Chinese culture, Chinese calli

4、graphy shines splendidly in the world's treasure house of culture and art.近年來，隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，我國的數(shù)字化教育資源建設(shè)取得了巨大的成就。很多高 校建立了自己的數(shù)字化學(xué)習(xí)平臺，數(shù)字化教學(xué)在教育中發(fā)揮著越來越大的作用。和傳統(tǒng)教學(xué)方 式相比，數(shù)字化教學(xué)方式有很大的優(yōu)勢。一方面，數(shù)字化教學(xué)使教學(xué)資源得以全球共享；另一 方面，它拓展了學(xué)習(xí)者的學(xué)習(xí)時間和空間，人們可以隨時隨地通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)進(jìn)入數(shù)字化的虛擬學(xué) 校學(xué)習(xí)。這使得人類從接受一次性教育走向終身學(xué)習(xí)成為可能。In recent years, with the de

5、velopment of Internet technology, the construction of digital education resources of our country has made great achievements. Many universities have set up their own digital learning platforms, and digital teaching is playing an increasingly important role in education. Compared with the traditional

6、 way of teaching, the digital way has a lot of advantages. On one hand, digital teaching makes global sharing of teaching resources possible ; on the other hand, it expands the learner's study time and space to learn, allowing people to get access to the digital virtual schools through the Inter

7、net anytime and anywhere. These advantages make it possible for people to shift from one-time learning to lifelong learning.孝道(filial piety )是中國古代社會的基本道彳惠規(guī)范(code of ethics )。中國人把孝 視為人格之本、家庭和睦之本、國家安康之本。由于孝道是儒家倫理思想的核心，它成了中國 社會千百年來維系家庭關(guān)系的道德準(zhǔn)則。它毫無疑問是中華民族的一種傳統(tǒng)美德。孝道文化是 一個復(fù)合概念，內(nèi)容豐富，涉及面廣。它既有文化理念，又有制度禮儀( ins

8、titutional etiquette )。一般來說，它指社會要求子女對父母應(yīng)盡的義務(wù)，包括尊敬、關(guān)愛、贍養(yǎng)老人等 等。孝道是古老的“東方文明”之根本。Filial piety is the basic code of ethics in ancient Chinese society. Chinese people consider filial piety as the essence of a person's integrity, family harmony, and the nation's well-being. With filial piety being

9、the core of Confucian ethics, it has been the moral standard for the Chinese society to maintain the family relationship for thousands of years. It's undoubtedly a traditional Chinese virtue. The culture of filial piety is a complex concept, rich in content and wide in range. It includes not onl

10、y cultural ideas but also institutional etiquettes. Generally speaking, it refers to the obligation of children to their parents required by the society, including respect, care, support for the elderly and so forth. Filial piety is fundamental to the ancient "Oriental civilization".農(nóng)歷七月初七

11、是中國的七夕節(jié)(Qixi Festival) ,是中國傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日中最具浪漫色彩的一個 節(jié)日。一些大的商家每年都舉辦不同的活動，年輕人也送禮物給他們的情人。因此，七夕節(jié)被 認(rèn)為是中國的“情人節(jié)”(Valentine'sDay)。七夕節(jié)來自牛郎與織女(Cowherdand Weaving Maid)的傳說。相傳，每年的這個夜晚，天上的織女都會與牛郎相會。所以，在七夕的夜晚，人們可 以看到牛郎織女在銀河(the Milky Way )相會。姑娘們也會在這一天晚上向天上的織女乞求智慧，以獲得美滿姻緣。但隨著時代的變遷，這些活動正在消失，唯有標(biāo)志著忠貞愛情的牛郎 織女的傳說一直流傳民間。July

12、7th on the Chinese calendar is Chinese Qixi Festival, the most romantic of all the traditional Chinese holidays. Every year, some big businesses organize various activities, and young people send gifts to their lovers. As a result, the Qixi Festival is considered to be Chinese "Valentine's

13、Day". The Qixi Festival is derived from the legend of Cowherd and Weaving Maid. The legend holds that on this particular night every year the Weaving Maid in heaven meets with Cowherd. So, people can see Cowherd and Weaving Maid meeting in the Milky Way on the night of Qixi. On this night, girl

14、s would also beg Weaving Maid for some wisdom for a happy marriage. But, with the changing of times, these activities are diminishing. All that remains is the legend of Cowherd and Weaving Maid, a sign of faithful love, continuously circulated among the folk.絲綢之路(Silk Road )是我國古代一條連接中國和歐亞大陸(Eurasia

15、)的交通線路，由 于這條商路以絲綢貿(mào)易為主，故稱"絲綢之路”。作為國際貿(mào)易的通道和文化交流的橋梁，絲綢之路有效地促進(jìn)了東西方經(jīng)濟(jì)文化交流和發(fā)展，對世界文明進(jìn)程有著深遠(yuǎn)影響。當(dāng)前，在新的 歷史條件下，我國提出了 “一帶一路"(One Belt, One Road )(即"絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶"和"21世 紀(jì)海上絲綢之路”)的戰(zhàn)略構(gòu)想。"一帶一路”以合作共贏為核心，強(qiáng)調(diào)相關(guān)各國的互利共贏和共 同發(fā)展。這一戰(zhàn)略一經(jīng)提出即受到沿線各國的積極響應(yīng)。The Silk Road is a traffic route in the ancient time

16、s connecting China and Eurasia. This trade route focuses on the trade of silk, hence the name "the Silk Road". As an international trade channel and a bridge of cultural exchanges, the Silk Road effectively improved the economic and cultural exchanges and development between the East and t

17、he West, exerting a profound impact on the progress of the world civilization. Nowadays, under the new historical circumstances, our country proposes the strategy of "One Belt, One Road" (namely the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-century Maritime Silk Road). The strategy of "One

18、 Belt, One Road" focuses on cooperation and mutual benefits, emphasizing mutual benefits, win-win, as well as common development of the related countries. Once proposed, the strategy has received positive responses from the related countries along the road.國民幸福指數(shù)(National Happiness Index , NHI)

19、是衡量人們幸福感的一種指數(shù)，也是 衡量一個國家或地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、居民生活與幸福水平的指標(biāo)工具。隨著中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速增長， 中國政府越來越重視人民群眾生活質(zhì)量和幸福指數(shù)的提升。政府注重改善民生，努力改善人民 群眾的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況，滿足人民群眾日益增長的物質(zhì)文化需求。當(dāng)前，中國政府提倡釋放改革紅利， 讓人民群眾得到更多實(shí)惠。所有這些都將有效促進(jìn)我國國民幸福指數(shù)不斷提升。National Happiness Index (NHI) is an index that measures how happy people are. It is also a tool that measures the levels

20、 of economic development and people's livelihood and happiness in a country or region. With the fast growth of Chinese economy, the Chinese government has been paying more and more attention to people ' s living quality and the increase of happiness index. The government stresses improvement

21、 of its people 'livelihood, striving to improve their economic conditions and meet their growing material and cultural needs. Currently, the Chinesegovernment advocates the unleashing of more reform dividends, with the aim of offering more real benefits to its people. All these measures will com

22、bine to effectively increase the NHI of our people.中國是絲綢的故鄉(xiāng)，因而有很多與絲綢相關(guān)的藝術(shù)，刺繡(embroidery )就是其中的一種。 刺繡是中國民間傳統(tǒng)手工藝之一，至少有兩、三千年的歷史。從事刺繡的多為女子，因此刺繡 又被稱為"女紅"(women's needlework)。刺繡在中國受到了人們廣泛的喜愛。刺繡可用來裝 飾衣物，如在衣服、被子、枕套(pillowcase )等物品上繡上美麗的圖案，也可制作成特別的 飾品(ornament)。中國有四大名繡：蘇州的蘇繡、廣東的粵繡、湖南的湘繡以及四川的蜀繡。

23、 各種繡法不僅風(fēng)格有差異，主題也各有不同。在這其中，蘇州的蘇繡最負(fù)盛名。China is home to silk, thereby having a variety of arts related to silk, one of which is embroidery. Embroidery, with at least two or three thousand years of history, is one of the Chinese traditional folk arts and crafts. Since most embroiderers are women, it'

24、;s also called "women's needlework". Embroidery has been much-loved by the Chinese people. It can be used to beautify clothing and things. For example, clothes, quilts, pillowcases etc. can be embroidered with beautiful designs, or a piece of embroidery can be made for a special orname

25、nt. There are four most famous types of embroidery in China: Suxiu from Suzhou, Yuexiu from Guangdong, Xiangxiu from Hunan, and Shuxiu from Sichuan, each having its own style and theme. Among the four, Suzhou embroidery has enjoyed the highest reputation. BOOk 3Unit one如今，很多年輕人不再選擇 穩(wěn)定”的工作，他們更愿意自主創(chuàng)業(yè)，

26、依靠自己的智慧和奮斗去 實(shí)現(xiàn)自我價值。青年創(chuàng)業(yè)(young entrepreneurship用未來國家經(jīng)濟(jì)活力的來源，創(chuàng)業(yè)者的成功 不但會創(chuàng)造財富、增加就業(yè)機(jī)會、改善大家的生活。從長遠(yuǎn)來看，對于國家更是一件好事，創(chuàng) 業(yè)者正是讓中國經(jīng)濟(jì)升級換代的力量。尤其是在當(dāng)前，國家鼓勵大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)，萬眾創(chuàng)新，在政策 上給予中小企業(yè)支持，這更加激發(fā)了年輕人的創(chuàng)業(yè)激情。Nowadays, many young people no longer choose “stable " jobs. Instead, they prefer to start th own businesses and realize

27、 their self-value through their own wisdom and efforts. Young entrepreneurship is the source of national economic vitality in the future. The success of entrepreneurs not only creates fortune, increases job opportunities, improves people but it is'also good for the country in the long term. Entr

28、epreneurs are a driving force in upgrading China economy. Especially for the time being, our country is encouraging people to start their ownbusinesses and make innovations and giving policy support for medium and small businesses. This further arouses young people ' s enthusiasm to start their

29、own businesses.Unit two實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興(rejuvenation)是近代以來中國人民最偉大的夢想，我們稱之為中國夢”，其基本內(nèi)涵是實(shí)現(xiàn)國家富強(qiáng)、民族振興、人民幸福。中國夢，是讓每一個積極進(jìn)取的中 國人形成世世代代的信念：只要經(jīng)過不懈的奮斗便能獲得更好的生活。人們必須通過自己的勤 奮、勇氣、創(chuàng)意和決心邁向繁榮，而不是依賴于社會和他人的援助。每個中國人都是中國夢的 參與者和創(chuàng)造者。中國夢是民族的夢，也是每個中國人的夢。Realizing the great national rejuvenation, which we define as the Chinese Dre

30、am, has been the greatest Chinese expectation since modern times. It basically means achieving prosperity for the country, renewal of the nation and happiness for the people, thus ensuring that every enterprising Chinese carries, generation after generation, the firm conviction that a better life is

31、 accomplished through persistent effort. People should achieve their prosperity through diligence, courage, creativity and determination instead of aid from society or other people. Each individual is a participant and a designer in the cause of realizing the Chinese Dream, for it is a dream not onl

32、y for the entire nation but also for every Chinese.Unit three水墨畫是中國獨(dú)具特色的傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)形式之一，是中國國畫的代表。它大約始于唐代，興盛 于宋代和元代，距今已有一千多年的歷史，其間經(jīng)歷了不斷的發(fā)展、提高和完善。水墨畫的創(chuàng) 作工具和材料也是具有濃厚中國特色的毛筆、宣紙、墨，其作品特點(diǎn)也與此緊密相關(guān)。例如， 水和墨互相調(diào)和，使作品具有干濕濃淡的層次。水墨和宣紙的交融滲透也使畫作善于表現(xiàn)豐富 的意象，從而達(dá)到獨(dú)特的審美效果。水墨畫在中國繪畫史上具有很高的地位，甚至被認(rèn)為是衡 量東方繪畫藝術(shù)水平的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。Ink and wash paint

33、ing, one of the unique traditional art forms of China, is representative of Chinese painting. It began around the time of the Tang Dynasty, and then prospered in the Song and Yuan dynasties. With a history of over one thousand years, it has experienced constant development, improvement and perfectio

34、n. The tools and materials used to create ink and wash painting, i.e. brushes, rice paper, and ink, are characteristic of Chinese culture and closely related to the featuresof the paintings. For example, the mixing of water and ink creates different shades of dryness, wetness, thickness and thinness

35、. The integration and infiltration of water, ink, and rice paper enables such paintings to convey rich images, and hence to achieve unique aesthetic effects. Ink and wash painting holds a high status in the history of Chinese painting, and it is even regarded as the criterion to evaluate the artisti

36、c level of Oriental paintings.Unit four麗江地處于云南省西北部，境內(nèi)多山。麗江古城坐落在玉龍雪山腳下，是一座風(fēng)景秀麗的 歷史文化名城，也是我國保存完好的少數(shù)民族古城之一。麗江古城始建于南宋，距今約有800年的歷史。麗江不僅歷史悠久，而且民族眾多，少數(shù)民族人口占全區(qū)人口的半數(shù)以上。隨著麗 江旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展，到麗江古城觀光游覽的中外游客日益增多。1997年12月，麗江古城中報世界文化遺產(chǎn)獲得成功，填補(bǔ)了中國在世界文化遺產(chǎn)中無歷史文化名稱的空白。Lijiang is a mountainous city in northwest Yunnan Province.

37、The old town of Lijiang, located at the foot of Jade Dragon Snow Mountain, is a town of scenic beauty and known for its history and culture. It is also a well-preserved old town with features of ethnic minorities. The construction work of the old town was started from the Southern Song Dynasty about

38、 800 years from now. Not only does Lijiang boast a long history, but also it boasts many ethnic minorities who make up over a half of the total population in the region. With the booming of Lijiang tourism, the old town of Lijiang is receiving a growing number of tourists from home and abroad. In De

39、cember 1997, the old town succeeded in applying to be named a World Cultural Heritage Site, filling the gap of lacking a noted historical and cultural city in China on the World Cultural Heritage List.Unit five中國是茶的故鄉(xiāng)，也是茶文化的發(fā)源地。自古以來，茶就被譽(yù)為中華民族的 國飲”。無論是 文人墨客生活中的 琴棋書畫詩酒茶”，還是平民百姓生活中的 柴米油鹽醬醋茶”，茶都是必備 品。同時

40、，中國又是文明古國，禮儀之邦。凡是來了客人或朋友，沏茶、敬茶的禮儀必不可少。 隨著中外文化交流和商業(yè)貿(mào)易的發(fā)展，中國茶及茶文化傳向了全世界?，F(xiàn)在五大洲有不少國家 種茶。也有很多國家從中國進(jìn)口茶。中國茶和中國的絲綢及瓷器一樣，已經(jīng)成為中國在全世界 的代名詞。s seven onChina is the hometown of tea and the birthplace of tea culture. Since ancient times, tea has been known as the " national drink " of China. In both the Chinese scholar necessitiessnsamelydaily music, chess, calligraphy, painting, poetry, wine and tea and common peoplefirewood, rice, oil, salt, soy sauce, vinegar and tea, tea is listed