英語中賓語從句句法講解完整

1、賓語從句導(dǎo)入：1. The teacher told the children that the sun round.A. was B. is C. were D. are2. I believe that our team the basketball match.A. win B. wonC. will win D. wins3. I don ' t know to visit the old man.A. whether B. if C. that D. whosoldiers soon reached was once an old temple the villagers u

2、sed as a school.A. which; where B. what; which C. where; which D. what; where答：選B,動詞reach后接賓語從句，從句缺少賓語，where不可，which表疑問含義"哪一個”而是用 what 從句表陳述含義，意“過去的一座舊廟宇”；temple后為對其修飾的定語從句，用關(guān)系代詞 which修飾used/4口訣：賓語從句三注意，時態(tài)語序引導(dǎo)詞；主句一般現(xiàn)在時，從句不需受限制；主句一般過去時，從句須用相應(yīng)時；陳述句轉(zhuǎn)化that弓I, 一般疑問句用if/whether,特殊問句疑問詞，引導(dǎo)詞后陳述式。（一）賓語從

3、句總述一.賓語從句的概念：由一個句子充當(dāng)賓語，我們稱之為賓語從句。賓語從句可作謂語動詞的賓語，也可做介詞的賓語。eg, He said he was good at drawing.（動詞賓語）He asks him how long Mike has been down .（動詞賓語）Miss Zhang is angry at what you said.（介詞賓語 ）二.賓語從句的語序：永遠(yuǎn)都是陳述句（即主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)）False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.Right: He is wondering whe

4、n he can finish this difficult job.特殊情況：當(dāng)do you think后接特殊疑問句轉(zhuǎn)化成賓語從句時，句式結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)為疑問詞+do you think+陳述句語序。例： whom do you think he met yesterday?What do you think the article is about?When do you think the party should begin?Where do you think they came from?Who do you think the public might choose as their

5、favorite singer this year? 你認(rèn)為今年公眾會選誰為他們最喜歡的歌手.三.賓語從句的連接詞1 .如果賓語從句是從陳述句（轉(zhuǎn)化而來的），引導(dǎo)詞用that,且that 可省略。e. g, She told me （that） she would like to go with us.（總體講完后再講）但是有些特殊情況that不可以省略：（1）當(dāng)主句謂語動詞帶有兩個或兩個以上賓語從句時,可以省略第一個that ,其他不能省略。Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.大家都會看出所發(fā)生的事情并知

6、道Tom非常害怕。I believe （that） you have done your best and that things will get better .（2）當(dāng)it作形式賓語時that不省略。I heard it said that he had gone abroadWe found it impossible that he could finish it in such a short timeShe made it clear that she had nothing to do with him.（3）當(dāng)賓語從句前置時,that不可省略。That our team wi

7、ll winI believeThat he ever said such a thing I simply don(4)主句與that從句之間有，that不可省略。't believe.我簡直不相信他曾說過這樣的話。We decided, in view of his wonderful knowledge , that we would buy 1000 books .(5) that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句作介詞賓語時，that不能省略。I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.對他我無所知，只知道他是。(6)當(dāng) t

8、hat 作 learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等動詞的賓語時;I suggest that we should take measures to solve the problems.2.如果賓語從句是從一般疑問句(轉(zhuǎn)化而來的)，用 whether 或if 引導(dǎo)，表示“是否"(注意區(qū)分 whether, if, when)e. g, I wonder if /whether u have told the new to Li Lei .I don ' t know if /whether

9、there will be a bus any more.我不知道是否還會有公交車.Nobody knew if /whether he could pass the exam.沒人知道他是否會通過考試.注意：一般情況下，whether和if可以互用，但有些情況例外。(1) . 在動詞 know, ask, care, wonder, find out, leave, put, discuss, doubt等之后一般用 whether(2) .當(dāng)從句做介詞的賓語時只用whether,不用ifeg, We are talking about whether we'll go on the

10、 pinic.Everything depends on whether you agree with us(3) .與動詞不定式或not連用時，只用whether.與not構(gòu)成whetheror not結(jié)構(gòu)eg, I can ' t decide whether to stay.Could you tell me whether u go or not?(4) . if當(dāng)如果講時，引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語從句，這時不能用whether.(5) .避免歧異時，我們常用whether而不用if.此外when表示何時引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，表示當(dāng) 一時候引導(dǎo)狀語從句I don ' t know w

11、hen she will come back. But when she comes back, I will tell you.3.如果賓語從句是從特殊疑問句(轉(zhuǎn)化而來的)，引導(dǎo)詞用特殊疑問詞(who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever .whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever,when, where, why,how, whenever, wherever, however).you tell me what's the matterwrong with you?you know who has won Red Alert

12、 game?你知道是誰贏得了紅色警報(bào)的游戲？book will show you what the best CEOs should know.這本書會告訴你最好的執(zhí)行總裁該了解什you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?你決定好是買諾基亞還是摩托羅拉的電話了嗎didn ' t tell me when we should meet again. you please tell me how you use the new panel?of us knows where these ne

13、w parts can be bought.還有我們之前講過的特殊情況：他沒有告訴我什么時候我們能再見面你能告訴我怎么用這個新的操作盤嗎沒有人知道這些的新的零件能在哪里買到當(dāng)do you think后接特殊疑問句轉(zhuǎn)化成賓語從句時，句式結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)為疑問詞+do you think +陳述句語序。四.賓語從句的時態(tài)1 .主句用，從句可用任意時態(tài)。2 .主句用過去時，從句用過去某個時態(tài)。3 .主句用過去時，從句是客觀真理時，只用一般現(xiàn)在時。例： He knows that tomorrow will rain （主句現(xiàn)在，從句無受限）He asked me if I was reading the st

14、ory The Old Man and the Sea when he was in. （主過去，從過去正在）他問我他進(jìn)來的時候我是否正在讀<<老人與海>>.The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday. （主句過去，從句客觀真理）老師昨天說月亮繞著地球轉(zhuǎn).Tom asked if the government would take necessary measures to solve the problems. （主句過去，從句過去）記者問政府是否會采取必要的措施來解決這些問題 .He

15、told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already. （主句過去，從句過去完成）他告訴我他已經(jīng)把有關(guān)會議的事情告訴了 Mary.（二）各類賓語從句一、動詞的賓語從句1. 大多數(shù)動詞都可以帶賓語從句例： all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger.我們都預(yù)料他們會贏, 因?yàn)樗麄兊年?duì)員更強(qiáng)壯.told us that they would help us through the whole work.他告訴我們在整個工作中 , 他們都會幫忙的

16、 .2. 部分“動詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)（即動詞詞組）也可以帶賓語從句例： have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.我發(fā)現(xiàn)這場音樂會的所有票都賣光了 .you work out how much we will spend during the trip?你能計(jì)算出這次旅行我們將花費(fèi)多少錢嗎?3. 動詞短語也可以帶賓語從句常見的這些詞有: make sure 確保 make up one s mind 下決心 keep in mind 牢記例： sure that there are no mista

17、kes in your papers before you turn them in.在上交試卷前確保沒有任何錯誤 .2. Tom made up his mind that he would get A grade in the exam.湯姆下定決心在這次考試中獲 A 級成績。should keep in mind that“ Rome is not build in one day ”我們應(yīng)該牢記“冰凍三尺非一日之寒” 。4. 可用形式賓語it 代替的賓語從句動詞 find,feel,consider,make,believe, 等后面有復(fù)合賓語（賓語補(bǔ)足語）的時候, 則需要用 it 做

18、形式賓語，將 that 賓語從句后置（結(jié)構(gòu)常是：主語+動詞 +it+ 形容詞 / 名詞等賓語補(bǔ)足語+賓語從句）（插入知識點(diǎn)：賓語補(bǔ)足語：某些及物動詞的賓語后面還需要有一個補(bǔ)足語，意思才完整，賓語和它的補(bǔ)足語構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。而復(fù)合賓語的第一部分通常由名詞或充當(dāng)，第二部分表示第一部分的名詞或代詞發(fā)出的動作或身份、特征等，稱為賓語補(bǔ)足語。 I find learning English difficult. （difficult 是做賓補(bǔ)） I saw the kiteup and down. （ up and down 是做賓補(bǔ)）例： I think it necessary that we tak

19、e plenty of hot water every day .我認(rèn)為每天多喝開水是有必要的.I feel it a pity that I haven t been to the get -together. 我沒去聚會 , 感覺非常遺憾.I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.我每天寫日記成了習(xí)慣.We all find it important that we （should） make a quick decision about this mater.我們都認(rèn)為對這件事馬上做出決定很重要.有些動詞帶賓語從句時需要在賓語與從句前加 it ,

20、 這類動詞主要有:hate, take, owe, have, see to.例： I hate it when they with their mouths full of food. 我討厭他們滿嘴食物時說話 .He will have it that our plan is really practical.他會認(rèn)為我們的計(jì)劃確實(shí)可行.We take it that you will agree with us. 我們認(rèn)為你會同意我們的 .When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral.開啟發(fā)動機(jī)時

21、, 一定要使汽車的離合器處于空擋位置 .若賓語從句是 wh-類，則不可用it代替例： We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.我們都認(rèn)為你所說的是不可信的 .We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)我們所學(xué)到的東西都是有用的二、介詞的賓語從句用wh-類的介詞賓語從句are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我們正在討論是否讓學(xué)生加入我們的俱樂部 .new book is about how Shen

22、zhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.這本新書是關(guān)于神州 6 號載人航天飛船是如何升入太空的 .is good at cooking delicious foodare you interested in how he did it ?（用 that,if 引導(dǎo)的介詞賓語從句，有時候 except,but,besides 三個介詞后可見到 that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.對于我的新鄰居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班, 其他一無所知 . ）三 、形容詞的賓語從句常用來引導(dǎo)賓語從句的形容詞有: sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afr