2011屆中考英語專題復(fù)習(xí)十一短語動詞和句型的考點講解(共7頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上2011屆中考英語專題復(fù)習(xí)十一：短語動詞和句型的考點講解【考點直擊】1. 短語動詞的辨析；2. 英語句子的基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)；3. 初中階段主要句型的用法?！久麕燑c睛】 短語動詞是中考的重要內(nèi)容之一。在初中階段，我們已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了不少短語動詞，把他們加以歸納總結(jié)，進行重點復(fù)習(xí)是十分必要的。英語中有許多短語動詞在意義上是一個整體，其用法有的相當(dāng)于及物動詞，有的相當(dāng)于不及物動詞，有的兼有及物動詞和不及物動詞的特征。1. 短語動詞的分類(1)動詞介詞常見的有l(wèi)ook for, look after, ask for, laugh at, hear of 等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在

2、介詞后。如：Dont laugh at others.Tom asked his parents for a bike.(2)動詞副詞常見的有g(shù)ive up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in,等。這類短語動詞的賓語如果是名詞，既可放在副詞前邊，又可放在副詞后邊；賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞，則要放在副詞前邊。如：Youll hand in your homework tomorrow.Please dont forget to hand it in.(3)動詞副詞介詞常見的有 go on with, catch up with等。這類短語動詞的賓語

3、只能放在介詞后邊。如：Go on and Ill catch up with you in five minutes.After a short rest, he went on with his research work.(4)動詞名詞介詞常見的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞后邊。如：You should pay attention to your handwriting.We should make full use of our time.(5)動詞形容詞常見的有l(wèi)e

4、ave open, set free, cut open等。這類短語動詞的賓語如果是名詞，則賓語可放在形容詞的前邊，也可放在后邊；賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞，則必須放在形容詞前邊。如：The prisoners were set free.He cut it open.(6)動詞名詞常見的有take place, make friends等。這類短語動詞用作不及物動詞。如：This story took place three years ago.I make friends with a lot of people.2. 短語動詞的辨析(1)be made in（在生產(chǎn)或制造），be ma

5、de of(由組成或構(gòu)成)(2)come down(下來;落)，come along(來；隨同)，come to oneself(蘇醒)，come true(實現(xiàn))，come out(花開；發(fā)芽；出現(xiàn)；出來)，come over（過來；順便來訪），come in(進來)，come on(來吧；跟著來；趕快), come up with(找到；提出)(3)do ones best(盡最大努力), do well in(在干得好), do ones homework(做作業(yè))，do some reading(閱讀)(4)fall asleep(入睡)，fall behind(落在.后面)，fall

6、 off(從掉下)，fall down(到下；跌倒)(5)get down(下來；落下)，get on(上車)，get to(到達)，get up(起床)，get back(回來；取回)，get off(下來)，get on well with(與相處融洽)，get married(結(jié)婚)，get together(相聚)(6)give up(放棄)，givea hand(給與幫助)，give a concert(開音樂會)(7)go back(回去)，go on(繼續(xù))，go home(回家)，go to bed(睡覺)，go over(過一遍；仔細檢查)，go out(外出；到外面)，go

7、 wrong(走錯路)，go on doing(繼續(xù)做某事)，go shopping(買東西)，go boating(去劃船), go fishing(去釣魚)，go hiking(去徒步旅行)，go skating(去滑冰)，go straight along(沿著一直往前走)(8)have a look(看一看), have a seat（坐下）, have supper（吃晚餐）, have a rest（休息）, have sports（進行體育活動）, have a cold（感冒）, have a cough（咳嗽）, have a good time（過得愉快）, have a

8、headache（頭痛），have a try(嘗 試；努力)(9)look for(尋找)，look out(留神; 注意)，look over(仔細檢查)，look up(向上看；抬頭看)，look after(照顧; 照看)，look at(看； 觀看)，look like(看起來像)，look the same(看起來像)，(10)make friends(交朋友)，make phone calls(打電話)，make money(賺錢)，make the bed(整理床鋪)，make a noise(吵鬧)，make a faces(做鬼臉)，make ones way to(往走去

9、)，make room for(給騰出地方)，make a decision(做出決定)，make a mistake(犯錯誤)，make up ones mind(下決心)(11)put on(上演；穿上；戴上)，put up(掛起；舉起)，put down(把某物放下來)，put away(把某物收起來), put off(推遲)(12)take off(脫掉衣服)，take photos(照相)，take time(花費時間)，take out(取出)，take a seat(坐下)，take an active part in(積極參加)，take care of(照顧；照料；注意)，

10、take exercise(做運動)，take ones place(坐某人的位置；代替某人的職務(wù))，take turn(輪流)(13)talk about(談話；交談)，talk with(和交談)(14)turn on(打開電燈，收音機，煤氣，自來水等)，turn off(關(guān)上電燈，收音機，煤氣，自來水等)，turn down(關(guān)?。徽{(diào)低)，turnover(把.翻過來)(15)think of(認為；想起)，think about(考慮)3.句子的基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)根據(jù)句子所用動詞的不同，句子可歸納為五個基本句型。 (1)主語+連系動詞+表語。例如：My mother is a doctor.

11、Her voice sounds nice.(2)主語+不及物動詞。例如：He runs fast.We study hard.(3)主語+及物動詞+賓語。例如：Children often sing this song.He studies English.1)常用-ing形式, 而不用不定式作賓語的動詞有：enjoy, finish, feel like, consider, practise, keep, suggest, mind等。例如：She enjoys reading novels and swimming.I finished reading the book last ni

12、ght.2)常用不定式，而不用-ing形式作賓語的動詞有：wish, hope, agree, plan, decide, refuse等。例如：Where do wish to sit?Tom agreed to lend some money.3)有些及物動詞既可用不定式，由可用-ing形式作賓語，但意義不同。這類動詞常見的有：remember, forget等。例如：Please remember to post the letter for me.請記住替我發(fā)了這封信。I remember posting the letter.我記得那封信寄過了。 Stop的用法同上面的詞相仿，不過s

13、top后面跟不定式不是作賓語，而是作狀語。試比較下列句子：He stopped to smoke. 他停下來吸煙。He stopped smoking. 他停止吸煙了。4)有些及物動詞的賓語，既可用不定式，又可用-ing形式，意義基本相同。這類動詞常見的有：like, love, hate, begin, start, continue等。例如：I like to swim in summer.I like swimming in summer.(4)主語+及物動詞+ 間接賓語+直接賓語。例如：My father bought me a new bike.He gave me an apple

14、.1)及物動詞之后跟有雙賓語，往往一個指人，一個指物。指人的為間接賓語，指物的為直接賓語。一般情況下，間接賓語在前，直接賓語在后。如果要把間接賓語放在直接賓語之后，間接賓語前需加介詞。例如：Please pass me a cup of tea.= Please pass a cup of tea to me.Show me your new book, please. =Please show your new book to me. 2)把間接賓語放在直接賓語之后，間接賓前有時加介詞to, 有時加介詞for,這主要取決于謂語動詞。一般在動詞give, tell, sell, lend, s

15、how之后加to。在動詞buy, make, get等之后加for。例如：Would you lend me your dictionary, please? =Would you lend your dictionary to me, please?Toms mother bought him a pair of new shoes. =Toms mother bought a pair of new shoes for him.(5)主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語。例如：We keep our classroom clean and tidy.I hear someone singing

16、 in the next room.1)及物動詞指后跟有復(fù)合賓語，一個是賓語，一個是賓語補足語。賓語和賓語補足語之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。例如：We call him Jack.Dont get your hands dirty. 2)在及物動詞之后，用不定式作賓語補足語和用-ing形式作賓語補足語表示的意思往往不同。用不定式作賓語補足語指事情的全過程；用-ing形式作賓語補足語指正在進行的動作的一部分。例如：I heard him sing that song. (我聽他唱過那首歌。)When I came back, I heard him singing in the room.(我回來時

17、，聽見他正在房間里唱歌。)3)在感官動詞see, hear, feel, watch, listen to, look at使役動詞let, make, have等的復(fù)合賓語種，不定式須省去to。但變?yōu)楸粍泳鋾r，省去的to要加上。例如：I saw him go into the room.He was seen to go into the room.4. 初中階段主要句型的用法。1. Its time to (for) . 表“時間到了；該干的時間了”之意。 Its time to go home. Its time for school.注意：to的后面接動詞短語，而for的后面接名詞。2

18、. Its bad (good) for . 表示“對有害（有益）的”含義。 Please dont smoke. Its bad for your health. Please take more exercise. Its good for your health.3. be late for (school) 是“上學(xué)（遲到）”之意。for后面還可以接meeting或class。 He was late for school this morning. Dont be late for class, please.4. had better do / not do sth. 表示“最好做

19、/不做某事”之意。 You had better put on the coat when you go out. Its cold outside. We had better stop to have a rest. 注意：用had better時，后面一定要直接跟動詞原形，決不能加to do sth. 否定一定用在第二個動詞之前，是動詞不定式的否定式。5. be (feel) afraid of . 表示“恐怕”，“害怕”之意。 He is afraid of snakes.Mary feels afraid of going out alone.6. enjoy doing sth.

20、是“喜歡（愛好）做某事”之意，doing是動名詞作動詞enjoy的賓語。enjoy有欣賞之意。 Are you enjoy living in Beijing? Do you enjoy listening to music?7. stop doing sth. 停止做某事 stop to do sth. 停下來做某事 Its time for class. Stop talking, please. When she saw me, she stopped to talk with me.8. Let (make) sb. do 讓（使）某人做某事。 Lets go to school. F

21、ather made his son clean the room again. 注意：當(dāng)make sb. do sth. 用于被動語態(tài)時，第二個動詞前面就一定要加to了。如： His son was made to clean the room again. he was made to work twelve hours a day in the past.9. like to do / like doing sth. 是“喜歡做某事”之意。 like to do sth. 是表示比較具體的喜歡做某事；like doing sth. 是表示寵統(tǒng)的喜歡做某事。如： I like to swi

22、m in the swimming pool. 我喜歡在游泳池中游泳。（喜歡的具體的地方游泳） I like swimming. 我喜歡游泳（只講喜歡這項運動）10. ask (tell) sb. to do. (not to do) sth. 請（讓）某人（不）做某事 Jim asked his mother to help him with his lessons. When did you tell him not to shout loudly?11. give (lend) sb. sth. = give (lend) sth. to sb. 給（借給）某人某物 Mike gave

23、me a new pair of stockings. Please lend us your car. 12. be busy doing sth. 表示“忙于做某事”之意。 The students are busy getting ready for the exams. Is Mrs Black busy washing clothes?13. too . to . 表示“太以致不能”的含義。 She is too young to go to school. The old man was too tired to walk farther.14. notuntil 是“直才”之意。

24、 My daughter didnt go to bed until 11 oclock last night. We wont have time to rest until the summer holiday comes.15. so that 是“如此以致”的意思。 Peter is so clever that all the teachers like him very much. The song is so wonderful that everyone likes to listen to it.16. neither nor 是“既不也不”之意。 Mr. Smith is

25、neither a worker nor a soldier. He is a scientist. Neither you nor I am free. 17. enough to do sth. 是“足以去做某事”之意。 She is old enough to go to school. Peter was tall enough to reach the apple.19. preferto 是“比起來，還是好，”“喜歡而不喜歡”之意。 I prefer English to maths = I like English better than maths He prefers pla

26、ying football to playing basketball.20. not at all 是“根本不”之意。 I dont know Mr. King at all. David doesnt like singing at all.21keep sb. doing sth. 是“使某人繼續(xù)做某事”之意。 Mr. Wang didnt come to school on time. She kept me waiting for two hours. Dont keep your mother doing everything for you You should do it by

27、 yourself.22. keep sth. + adj. 是“保持某物處于某種狀況”之意。 Please keep our classroom clean and tidy. That wool sweater kept her body warm enough.23. see sb. doing sth. 表示“看見某人正在做某事”之意。 When my brother passed the post office, he saw a little boy crying at the door. Did you see a car coming here ?24. see sb. do

28、sth. 是“看見某人做了某事”之意。 That girl saw an old woman fall down on the road yesterday. Have you seen the leaves drop into the river ?25. hear sb. doing sth. 是“聽到某人正在做某事”之意。 Listen ! Can you hear someone singing on the hill? We heard him talking with Mr. Li loudly just now.26. hear sb. do sth. 表示“聽見某人做了某事”之

29、意。 He was often heard to sing in his room in the past. Why didnt you hear me come into the sitting rom ?27. be used for doing sth. 是“被用來做某事”的意思。 Knives are used for cutting things. Teapot is used for keeping tea warm.28. Its three metres long / high/ wide. 它是三米長（高、寬）形容詞要放在后面作后置定語。句型是It / 主語+ be +數(shù)詞+

30、米/公里+形容詞。His father is one and seventy metres tall.That river is fifty metres wide.29. Whats wrong with .? / Whats the problem with .?/ Whats the trouble with .?/ Whats the matter?表示“出了什么毛??？”“哪兒不舒服？”“怎么啦？”的含義。Whats wrong with your car?Whats wrong with you, little girl?Whats the matter with your watc

31、h?30. Would you like (to do) .? 是“你想要嗎？”的意思。like后面可以接名詞，詞組或動詞不定式。提出一種建議或邀請。Would you like some fish? Would you like to go to the cinema with me?31. Will you please do sth? 是“你想要做嗎？”Will you please say it more slowly? Will you please not open the window? I feel cold.32. It takes sb. some time to do s

32、th. 是“做某事花費某人一段時間”之意?？梢杂糜谝话悻F(xiàn)在時，一般過去式和一般將來時態(tài)。It will take us two hours to go over all the words and expressions. It took Mr Wang half an hour to clean the bedroom.33. Id like sb. to do sth. 是“我希望某人來做某事”之意。Id like my friend to help me with my lessons. Hed like Jim to teach him how to use the computer.34. Theres sth. wrong with .是“某物/人出了問題”，“某物/人有了毛病”之意。There is something wrong the TV set. = Something is wrong with the TV set.There must be something wrong with the car. It doesnt move.35. I