快速閱讀真題講練

1、快速閱讀真題講練What is In tegrity?.The key to in tegrity iscon siste ncy-noton ly sett inghigh pers onal sta ndards foron eself (hon esty, resp on sibility,respect for others, fair ness)but also liv ing up to those sta ndards each day. One who has in tegrity is bound by and follows moral and ethical sta nd

2、ards even when making life ' s hard choices, choices which may be clouded by stress, pressure to succeed, or temptation. What happens if we lie, cheat, steal, or violate other ethical sta ndards? We feel disappo in ted in ourselves and ashamed. But a lapse of in tegrity also affects our relati o

3、n shipswith others.Trust is esse ntial in any importa nt relati on ship, whetherpers onalor professi on al.Who can trust some one who isdish on est or un fair? Thus, in tegrity must be one of our most importa nt goals. Risky Busin ess We are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decisi

4、on-making process has been undermined by stress or peer pressure. The real test of character is whether we can learn from our mistake, by un dersta nding why we acted as we did, and the n explori ng ways to avoid similar problems in the future.Making ethicaldecisions is a critical part of avoiding f

5、uture problem s.Wet see themust lear n to recog nize risks, because if we canrisks we ' re taking, we can ' t make responsible choices. To iden tify risks, we n eed to know the rules and be aware of the facts. For example, one who doesn' t know the rules about plagiarism may accide ntall

6、y use words or ideas without giving proper credit, or one who fails to keep careful research notes mayuninten ti on allyfail to quote and cite sources as required.But the fact that such a violation is unintentional does not excuse the misc on duct. Ignorance is not a defe nse. But Everybody Does It

7、Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts, but man age to fool themselves about the risks they ' re tak ing by using excuses: Every one else does it, I ' m not hurting anyone, or I really need this grade. Excuses can get very elaborate: I know I ' m looking at another &#

8、39; s exam, even though I ' m supposed to keep my eyes on my own paper, but that ' s not cheating because I ' mjust checking my answers, not copying. Wemust be honest about our actions, and avoid excuses.If we fool ourselves in to believ ing we' re not doing anythingwrong, we can 

9、9; t see the real choice we ' re making -and that leads to bad decisi ons.To avoid fooli ng yourself,watch out for excuses and try this test: Ask how you would feel if your actions were public, and anyone could be watching overyour shoulder. Would you feel proud or ashamedof your actions? If you

10、 ' d rather hide your actions, that' s a good indicationthat you ' re taking a risk and rationalizing it to yourself.Evaluati ng Risks To decide whether a risk is worth taking, you must examine the consequences, in the future as 批 注 U1:Recognize,identify近義詞 well as right now,n egative as

11、 well as positive, and to others as well as to yourself . .Those who take risks they later regret usually focus on immediate ben efits (what' s in it for me), and simply have n' t con sidered what might go wrong. The con seque nces of getting caught are serious, and may include a 0 on a test

12、 or assig nment; an F in the class; Suspe nsion or Dismissal from school; transcript notation; and a tarnished reputation. In fact, when you break a rule or law, you lose control over your life, and give others the power to impose punishment: you have no con trol over whatthat puni shme nt might be.

13、 This isanextremely precarious and vulnerable position. There maybe some matters of life and death, or highest principle, which might justify such a risk, but there aren' t many things that fallin this category.Getti ng Away With It-Or Not.Those who don ' t get caught pay an even higher pric

14、e. Acheater doesn' t learn from the test, depriving him/herself of an educati on. Cheati ng un derm ines con fide nee and in depe nden ce: the cheater is a fraud, and knows that without dish on esty, he/she would have failed. Cheat ing destroys self-esteem and in tegrity, leav ing the cheater as

15、hamed, guilty, and afraid of getting caught. Worst of all, a cheater who doesn' t get caught the first time usually cheats aga in, not only because he/she is farther behind, but also because it seems easier. This slippery slope of erodi ng ethics and bigger risks leads only to disaster. Eventual

16、ly, the cheater gets caught, and the later he/she gets caught, the worse the con seque nces. Stude nts have been dismissed from school because they didn ' t get this simple message:Honestyis theONLY policy that works.Cheati ng Hurts Others, TooCheaters ofte n feelinvisible, as if their actions d

17、on' t count and don ' t reallyhurt anyone. But in dividualchoices have a profo und cumulativeeffect. Cheati ng can spread like a disease, and a cheater can encourage others just by being seen from across the room. Recent statistics suggest 30% or more of college stude nts cheat. If a class i

18、s graded on a curve, cheating hurts others ' grades.Even if there is no curve, cheating poisons the classroom, and others may feel pressured to join in. (If I don' t cheat, Ican' t compete with those who do.)Cheating also has adestructive impact on teachers. The real reward of good teach

19、i ng is see ing stude nts lear n, but .a cheater says, I ' m not interestedin what you' re trying to teach; all I care aboutis steali ng a grade, regardless of the effect on others. The end result is a blatant and destructive attack on the quality of your educati on. Fin ally, cheati ng can

20、hurt the reputatio n of the University, and harm those who worked hard for their degree.Why In tegrity Matters If cheat ing becomesthe norm, the n we are in big trouble.We must rely on thehonesty and good faith of others every day. If not, we couldn ' t put money in the bank, buy food, clothi ng

21、, or medic ine from others, drive across a bridge, get on a plane, go to the dentist-the list is endless. There are many examples of the vast harm that is caused when individualsforget or ignore theeffect their dish on esty can have. The sav ings and loa n sca ndal, the stock market and junk bond sw

22、indles, and, of course, .Watergate, have un derm ined the faith of many America ns in the integrityof politicaland economic leaders and society asa whole. Such incidents take a tremendous toll on our nation ' s econo mya nd our in dividualwell-be ing.For example, but for thesav ings and loa n de

23、bacle, there might be funds available to reduce the national debt and pay for education.Insum,we all have a com mon stake in our school, our com muni ty, and our society. Our actions do matter. It is essential that we act with in tegrity in order to build the ki nd of world in which we want to live.

24、 解析：1. A pers on of i ntegrity n ot on ly sets high moral andA)sticks to themethicalstandards but also in their daily life B) makes them known to othersC) un dersta nds their true values D)sees that othersalso follow them 選擇 sticks to them in their daily life定位在原文第一段，文中說正直(in tegrity)的關(guān)鍵是一致性(con sis

25、te ncy)，不僅要有很多道德和倫理的準(zhǔn)則，還要每天都堅(jiān)守。2.What role does integrityplay in pers onal andIt helps to create teamprofessi onalrelati on ships?A)spirit B) It facilitates com muni cati onC) It題干問正直在人is the basis of mutual trust D) It in spires mutual respect 選擇 It is the basis of mutual trust.際關(guān)系和事業(yè)關(guān)系中扮演著什么樣的角色。定

26、位回第二段，文中說信任(trust)在任何關(guān)系中都是最根本的(esse ntial)，而正直正是最重要的目標(biāo)之一3. why must we lear n to ide ntify the risks we are goingto take ? A. To ensure we make responsible choices.B. To avoid being overwhelmed by stress. C.so that wedont break any rules. D. so that we dont run intotrouble. 選擇 To en sure we make res

27、p on sible choices.定位回原文第四段標(biāo)紅的句子，答案完全照抄原文。4. Violatio n of a rule is misc on duct eve n if?A. it has caused no harm. B. it is claimed to beuninten tio nal.C. it has gone unno ticed.D.it is committed with good inten ti ons選擇 it is claimed to beuninten tio nal.定位至第四段倒數(shù)第二句， 文中說無意識(shí)的(unintentional)并不能為這一

28、違背(violation) 道德的行為開脫。批注U2: excuse 5. What should one do if he does nt wish to fool himself? A. Avoid maki ng excuses. B.Listen to other peoples advice. C.Makehis intensionspublic. D. Have others watch over his shoulder.選擇Avoid maki ng excuses 定位回至 U 第六段段首，watch out forexcuses與本答案對應(yīng)。6. Those who tak

29、e risks they regret later on.A. will often becomemore cautious B.are usually veryaggressiveC. value immediate ben efits most.選擇value immediate ben efits most定位回到第七段二句，文章說那些人通常專注于當(dāng)下的利益，與本答案對應(yīng)。7. Accord ing to the author, a cheater who does nt get caught right away will. A) pay more dearlyB) become mo

30、re con fide ntC) be widely admiredD) feel somewhat lucky 選擇 pay more dearly定位點(diǎn)在八段首，看到其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)大概都會(huì)笑出來。8 、這題不好找， 在倒數(shù)第三段中間Cheaters at examdont care about their education, all they care about is how to steal a grade.本空在原文的成分是表語， 故steal是動(dòng)名詞+ing的形 式，這里空前的to是動(dòng)詞不定式的標(biāo)志， 因此steal要改為原 型，未改寫者不得分。9 、倒數(shù)二段首句中 rely on

31、 處 Integrity matters in that allsocial activities rely on peoples hon esty and good faith. 10、倒數(shù)第二段中間處 Ma ny America ns lost faith in the in tegrity of their political leaders as a result of Watergate.本次快速閱讀選擇題整體難度偏易， 填空題偏難， 話題幽默諷刺， 意在告 訴大家要做一個(gè)正直的人，考試不能作弊。仔細(xì)閱讀 Passage One來自英國衛(wèi)報(bào)(The Guardian):single-

32、sexschools help boys to enjoy arts, says study57. Boys' schools are the perfect place to teach young men toexpress their emoti ons and are more likely to get invo Ived in activities such as art, dance and music, according to research released today. Far from the traditionalimage of a cultureof a

33、ggressive masculinity in which students either sink or swim, the abse nee of girls gives boys the cha nee to develop without pressure to conform to a stereo*type, the US study says.57. Boys at sin gle sex schools were said to be more likely to get invoIved in cultural and artistic activities that he

34、lped develop their emoti onal expressive ness, rather tha n feeli ng they had to conform to the boy code of hiding their emotions to be a real man. The report, prese nted at a conference ofthe International Boys' Schools Coalition in London attended by the heads of private and state schools, goe

35、s against58. received wisdom that boys do better whe n taught alon gsidegirls. The headmaster of Eton, Tony Little, warned that boys were being failed by the British education system because 59.it had become too focused on girls. He criticised teachers for failingto recognise that boys are actually

36、more emotional thangirls, despite the fact that girls turn on the waterworks.The research argued that boys ofte n perform badly in mixed schools because they become demoralised when their femalecoun terparts do better earlier in verbal skills and readi ng, because the left side of the brain develops

37、 faster in girls. They also felt they had to be cool rather than studious. 6O.But in single sex schools teachers are able to tailorlessonsto boys' learning style, letting them move around the classroom and getting them to compete in teams to prevent boredom, wrote the study ' s author, educa

38、tion expert Abigail James, of the University of Virginia.Teachers coulden courage boys to enjoy readi ng and writi ng with specifically boy-focused approaches such as themes and characters that appeal to them. Boys in boys ' schools loved to pen verse because they enjoyed the in here nt structur

39、e in poems, James said. Because, the researchers say, boys gen erally have better spatial skills, more acute visi on, lear n best through touch, are more impulsive and more physically active, they need to be give n han ds-on less ons where they are allowed to walk around, with this natural impulse n

40、ot seen as disruptive. Boys in mixed schools view classical music as feminine and prefer the modern genre in which violenee and sexism are major themes, Jameswrote. 61.Single sex education also madeit less likely that boys would feel they had to conform to a stereotype gained from the media by girls

41、 that men should be masterful and in charge inrelatio nships.In the prese nt sexualised atmosphere prevale ntin mixed schools, boys feel coerced into acting like men before they un dersta nd themselves well eno ugh to know what that means, the report said. 解析：57. The author believes that a sin gle-s

42、ex school would. A. force boys to hide their emoti ons to be real menB. help to cultivate masculi ne aggressive ness in boys C.en courage boys to express their emoti ons more freely D.naturally reinforce in boys the traditionalimage of a man選擇 en courage boys to express their emoti ons more freely題目問男生學(xué)?？梢栽鯓?，原文前三段基本都在敘述男校對男生藝術(shù)情操方面的發(fā)展有著更好的促進(jìn)作用。58. It is com monly believed that in a mixed schoolboys. A. perform relatively better do better whe ntaught alon gs