構(gòu)詞法及其練習(xí)匯編

1、構(gòu)詞法 Word Formation在英語(yǔ)中，詞的構(gòu)成方式主要有三種：合成、轉(zhuǎn)化和派生。一、合成 Compounding兩個(gè)或更多的詞合成一個(gè)詞。方式：1. 直接寫(xiě)在一起。2. 用連字符(-)連接。3. 由兩個(gè)分開(kāi)的詞構(gòu)成。合成形容詞方式例詞形容詞+形容詞red-hot形容詞+名詞first-class, full-time, part-time形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞good-look ing, free-th inking,形容詞+過(guò)去分詞ready-made形容詞+名詞-edgood-tempered, middle-aged, cold-blooded名詞+名詞-ediron-willed名詞

2、+形容詞world-famous, day-lo ng名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞beauty-loving, freedom-loving, job-hunting, time-saving名詞+過(guò)去分詞man-made, water-covered,副詞+形容詞ever-gree n副詞+現(xiàn)在分詞hard-work ing, far-see ing副詞+過(guò)去分詞well-prepared, quickly-cured, well-k nown數(shù)詞+名詞five-year數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞five-year-old數(shù)詞+名詞-edfour-legged, six-storied合成動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成方式例詞1名詞+

3、動(dòng)詞day-dream副詞+動(dòng)詞overcome, uptur n形容詞+動(dòng)詞white-wash合成名詞構(gòu)成方式例詞名詞+名詞horseback , bank-no te, n ewspaper形容詞+名詞back-yard, forehead,動(dòng)名詞+名詞hidi ng place, read in g-room動(dòng)詞+副詞get-off, break in,副詞+動(dòng)詞overflow合成副詞however, maybe, wherever, whe never, forever合成代詞whoever, whatever, every one, no body, myself, someth

4、 ing, anything, nothing、派生 Derivation前綴前綴含義例詞a-處在arise, aside, aloneen-使可能en rich, en able, en slavedis-不，否定dissatisfy, dish on est, disappear, disorder,un-不做相反動(dòng)作un able, unknown, un com mon, un comfortable, un fair,un close, un dress, un cover, un tieinim-ir- il-不，非in active, in capable, in patie n

5、t, in correct impossible, impers on al, impolite, immature, impractical irregular, irresp on sibleillogical,non-不，非non existe nt, non-i nterfere nee, non-con ductor, non-stopde-向相反方向發(fā)展Decentralize （分散），defrost （解凍）an ti-反（對(duì)）an ti-freeze, an ti-fascistmis-錯(cuò)誤的，壞的misdo in gs, misun dersta nd, misfort u

6、nere重復(fù)，再rewrite, remarry, reunite, recycle,co-共同co-exist, co-operate, co-educati onex以前的Ex-husba nd, ex-preside nttele遠(yuǎn)程teleph one, telegraph, telescopesuper-在上面，超級(jí)supermarket, superpower,un der-在之下un derl ine, un derestimate, un dergro und,in ter-相互，之間intern ati on al, i nteract, in ter-cha ngesub-

7、下，次subtitle, submarine, subconscious, subcontinent,tran s-過(guò)，穿過(guò)，變tran sformati on變形）,tran slatevice-副vice-premier, vice-preside ntsemi-半semifinal, semicircle, semi-automaticbi兩個(gè)bicycle, biennial 兩年一次的tri三個(gè)triangle三角形，tricycle三輪腳踏車(chē)，triplets三胞胎mul-多，多種multiply, multi-nati on al, multi-colouredkilo-千kil

8、ometre, kilogramme后綴后綴例詞名 詞-er/eerfarmer, weaver, pain-killer, murderer, villager, speaker, cooker, recorder, engin eer-essactress, waitress, prin cess, hostess-orcon ductor, sailor, tran sistor, operator,-arBeggar-eseChin ese, Portuguese, Japa nese-ia nmusicia n, Egyptia n, physicia n-istscie ntist

9、, den tist, com muni st,-ent/-antassista nt-me ntargume nt, judgme nt, gover nment-n esshapp in ess, great ness, ill ness, cold ness, sleepless ness-ionaction, decisi on, creati on-tio ndictati on, preparati on, repetiti on, action, in formati on, inven ti on-ingbuild ing, wedd ing, pain ti ng-shipl

10、eadership, frien dship, hardship-ageshortage, marriage, leakage-tyloyalty, cruelty, pen alty, sixty, twen ty, thirty, certa inty-thtruth, warmth, le ngth, growth, fiftee nth, fourth-anceaccepta nee, assista nee, relia nee, appeara nee-encedepe nden ce, con fide nee, refere nee, entran ce, defe nee-f

11、ulmouthful, han dful, plateful,-alrefusal, deni al, arrival-ydifficulty, possibility,-domfreedom, wisdom, kin gdom-ismsocialism, materialism-listno velist, socialist,后綴例詞形 容 詞-alcen tral, i ndustrial, n ati on al, n atural-anEuropea n, America n, Australia n-erneaster n, n orther n, souther n-ablere

12、as on able, horrible, terrible, believable, comfortable, forgettable, sen sible-fulcareful, cheerful, grateful, faithful,-ishchildish, Swedish, selfish-ivedestructive, collective, active, creative, effective-ythirsty, dirty, win dy, sunny, cloudy, healthy, funny-lesscareless, hopeless, helpless, hom

13、eless, sleepless, fearless, limitless-engolde n, woode n, woole n-ouscourageous, famous, con ti nu ous, serious, various-aryimag in ary, revoluti on ary, sec on dary-icrealistic, historic, poetic-sometroublesome, burde nsome, 1 on esome, han dsome-likechildlike, woma nlike, man like-antignorant, sig

14、 nifica nt, observa nt, importa nt-entdilige nt, sile nt, excelle nt, freque nt-lylively, frie ndly, lovely, weekly, brotherly, motherly-ishchildish, foolish后綴例詞動(dòng) 詞-izerealize, moder ni ze, mecha ni ze, criticize,-enwiden, strengthen, lengthen, sharpen, widen, shorten, quicke n, deepe n-fySimplify,

15、beautify, terrify,后綴例詞副-ward(s)forward, no rthward, backward, dow nward詞-lyslowly, quickly, carefully, loudly, happily, frie ndly三、轉(zhuǎn)化Conversion指一個(gè)詞不變化詞形，而由一種此類(lèi)轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種詞類(lèi)或幾種詞類(lèi)。1.名詞和動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化telephone電話打電話,mirror鏡子像鏡子一樣反映,drink喝飲料,record錄音記錄更多精品文檔學(xué)習(xí)-好資料2. 形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞perfect完美的使完善3名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞（副詞）front前面前面的4. 形容詞

16、轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞 chief主要的首領(lǐng)I . Match the right words from the right column with the words on the left.(G )1. enrich(E ) 2. semicircle(F ) 3. troublesome(D ) 4. sharpe n(A ) 5. job-h untingA. tryi ng to find jobsB. remove, get rid of ice, frostC. of, hav ing, using imag in ati onD. make or become sharpE. half a

17、 circle(H ) 6. limitless(C ) 7. imag in ative(B ) 8. defrostF. caus ing troubleG. make rich, improve in quality, flavour, etc.H. without limitn . Use the appropriate form of the words to fill in the blanks.1. The mother didn'know why her daughter was crying _noisy. (noise)2. He was one of the be

18、st _playerin yesterda' football match. (play)3. Look! How _happilyKate is laughi ng!(happy)4. It sno wed _heavilylast ni ght and now the streets are covered with sno w.(heavy)5. Edis on was a great _inventor. During his life he had many _inventions. (invent)6. More and more _foreignerhave come t

19、o visit Chi na over these years/foreig n)7. We want .satisfactory reas ons for your failure to help. (satisfy)8. Please give me some refere nee work. It will .simplifymy task. (simple)9. The boy had the appearance of being half starved. (appear)10. The police have uncovered a plot aga inst the Preside nt. (cover)11. The doctor said that Marysmother n eeded an _operation.(operate