冠詞講義-高中版

1、第二講：冠詞冠詞是虛詞，本身不能單獨(dú)使用，也沒(méi)有詞義，它用在名詞的前面，幫助指明 名詞的含義。英語(yǔ)中的冠詞有三種，一種是定冠詞(the Definite Article ),另一 種是不定冠詞(the Indefinite Article ),還有一種是零冠詞(Zero Article )。不定冠詞a (an)與數(shù)詞one同源，是"一個(gè)"的意思。a用于輔音音素前, 般讀作e,而an則用于元音音素前，一般讀做en。一.不定冠詞 （元音發(fā)音用an, 輔音發(fā)音用a）useful book university MP5 hour umbrellaunusual experience

2、There is h" in the word honesty”.使用情況例子第一次提到的人或事物There is a new handbag on the desk. I bought the handbag yesterday.一的概念，相及丁 one.A hundred people are invited to the party.There is going to be an English lecture this evening.It is a foot long, an inch thick.泛指同類中的某一(人/物)A Mr. Smith came to see y

3、ou while you were away.I remember he came here on a Saturday and left soon.一類，表示類別A doctor is a person who saves people lives.A horse is a useful animal.表頻度，譯為“每一”相當(dāng)丁 per/ every/ each時(shí)間、速度、價(jià)格等詞之前We have ten English lessons a week.A spaceship flies about 11 kilometers a second.These envelopes are two

4、 yuan a dozen.序數(shù)詞前，“又一，再一”most 前,most=veryYou must try a second time.Suzhou is a most beautiful city in China.“一杯、一份、一場(chǎng)”等數(shù) 量概念，用于物質(zhì)名詞前A heavy rain fell this morning in this small town.I would like a coffee and two beers.一個(gè)具體的人或物，用于抽象名詞前Studying with you is a great pleasure.As a teacher, his father i

5、s a success, but as a poet, he is a failure.表某一方面、某F分等特She has a good knowledge of English and computer.殊含義，用于不可數(shù)名詞前He has had a good education.動(dòng)作意義的名詞前have a walk/ look/ break/ try/ bath/ swimhave a cold/ cough/ fever/ headache/ painhave a good/ happy timetake a rest/ walk/ break/ bath/ trygive a s

6、mile/ laugh/ shoutmake an effort to domake a choice/ decision/ plan/ face / mistake/ promise/ speech/ living固定搭配as a rule作為常規(guī)as a result結(jié)果in a word 總之a(chǎn)t a loss不知所措all of a sudden突然 in a hurry匆忙地in a way 從某種思義上說(shuō)once in a while 時(shí)而a moment ago 剛才as a matter of fact 事實(shí)上after a while 一會(huì)兒后at a high speed以

7、很高的速度in a moment 立亥 Uonce upon a time 從前.定冠詞使用情況例子特指的人或事物He likes the football that you bought for him yesterday.Hu Jintao attended the ceremony marking the 10th anniversary ofMacao s return to the motherland on December 20, 2009.說(shuō)話雙方都知道的或上文 （第二次）提到的人或物Do you know the woman standing under the tree.I

8、 read a story yesterday. The story was very interesting.獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物Man is now studying and using the sun.the moonthe skythe earththe universe爽 a full moona red sun單數(shù)名詞前，表亡類人或物The horse is a useful animal.I wonder who invented the computer.adj./ adv最局級(jí)或序數(shù)詞前Physics is the most difficult and English is the

9、 easiest, in my opinion.My deskmate is always the first to come and the last to leave.西洋樂(lè)器、方位、姓氏復(fù)數(shù)的名詞前play the piano/ violin/ guitar 注意： 二Uh play erhu.in the east/ west/ south/ northon the left/ rightin the centerThe Smiths are eating dinner.動(dòng)詞+ sb. +介詞+ the +身體部位The policeman caught the thief by th

10、e arm.hit sb. in the facepat sb. on the shoulder lead sb. by the handcatch sb. by the arm take sb. by the arm人名或地名前，表小特aE含義The Smith you're looking for no longer lives here.The Tibet of today is not what it was 20 years ago.形容詞或分詞前，表十類 人或物，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞The young should respect the old.The injured were

11、 saved after the fire.by+ the +計(jì)里:單位名詞I pay the rent by the month.Eggs are usually sold by the dozen.by the pound/ foot/ yard/ inchby the hour/ day/ week/ month/ yearby the thousand江河湖海、群山、群島、沙漠、海灣the Yangtze Riverthe Yellow Riverthe Pacific Oceanthe West Lakethe Rocky Mountainsthe Philippinesthe Sa

12、harathe Gulf of Mexico普通名詞或形容詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前the Peoples R epublic of Chinathe United Nationsthe Great Wallthe New York Times年代、朝代、時(shí)代名詞前in the 1970sthe Tang Dynasty the Spring and Autumn Period某些報(bào)紙/雜志/會(huì)議/條約the Timesthe Nanjing Treatythe 17th Party Congress固定搭配all the same完全一樣in the habit of 有的習(xí)慣in the hope

13、 of 中看 的布望by the way 順便說(shuō)一下at the sight of 看見(jiàn)make the best of充分利J用in the way擋路，妨礙with the help of 在一的幫助下to tell the truth 說(shuō)實(shí)話on the air 在廣播中on the whole 總體來(lái)說(shuō)in the long run從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看on the contrary 相反out of the question 不 可 能to the point 切題under the leadership of在的 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下比較結(jié)構(gòu)：“越就越”“兩者中較的一個(gè)”The more careful y

14、ou are, the fewer mistakes yo ilil make.The older of the two policemen was praised at the meeting.零冠詞使用情況例子/、口數(shù)名詞前Money is not everything.復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示泛指/類別Teachers should be patient with their students.Horses are useful animals.物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞前Water is necessary to our health.I wish you good luck in the coming

15、exams.人名、地名、城巾名、國(guó)名、街道、獨(dú)山獨(dú)島Do you know Philip has lived in China for years?My friends from Qingdao are going to climb Mount Tai next week.Mount O MeiChristmas Island季節(jié)、月份、星期、節(jié)假日派中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日前+ the實(shí) 具體地點(diǎn)時(shí)間前+thespring summer autumn winterMonday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday SundayJanuary Februar

16、y March April May June July August September October November December Teachers Day Thanksgiving Day Children s Day the Spring Festivalthe Mid-Autumn Festivalthe spring of Beijingin the summer of 2010學(xué)科、諦言、三餐、球類和可I enjoy French, history and math.play basketball/ football/ volleyball/ tenniseat break

17、fast/ lunch/ supperhave a quick/ nice lunchplay chess表示職位，頭銜，稱呼的名 詞在句中作表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、 補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、呼語(yǔ)Mr. Green, head of the group , will plan for the whole trip.Doctor, I m not feeling myself today.We chose Jasorcaptain of the football team.X上述名詞作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)要加冠詞The president of the island country is a middle-aged woman.m

18、an/ mankind （人 類），word（消息）用零冠詞Man can change nature while other animals caitiWord has come that we all passed the exam固定搭配keep in mind 記住leave school 畢業(yè)make sense 后意義lose heart 喪失彳百take shape 成形ask for advice 征 見(jiàn)lose weight 減月巴take office 就職catch sight of 看見(jiàn)，發(fā)現(xiàn)come back to life 復(fù)活，蘇醒come into power

19、掌權(quán)，執(zhí)政have difficulty/problems/trouble (in) doing sth.短語(yǔ)中有定冠詞和無(wú)定冠詞的區(qū)別l.sit at table 吃飯1.1 n possession of 擁有3 .be of age 成年4 .take advice征求意見(jiàn)5 .be in charge of 負(fù)責(zé)6 .by day 在白天1.1 n sight of 能看見(jiàn)8 .by sea 乘船9 .He is still in office 他仍然在執(zhí)政10.It is out of question那是毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)的11.a third time 又一次12.in hospital

20、生病住院13.on earth 究竟14. for a moment 一會(huì)兒15. two of us我們當(dāng)中的兩個(gè)16. take place 發(fā)生17. in open 公開sit at the table 在桌旁in the possession of 為所有be of an age 同齡take the advice 聽(tīng)從勸告be in the charge of 由 負(fù)責(zé)by the day按日計(jì)算in the sight of 據(jù)一 的見(jiàn)解by the sea 在海邊He is still in the office他仍然在辦公室里It is out of the question

21、那根本是不可的 the third time 第三次in the hospital 在醫(yī)院里on the earth 在地球上for the moment 目前，暫時(shí)18. on watch 值班19. in future從今以后20. in place of 代替the two of us我們兩個(gè)人(記住這里指總共有兩個(gè)人)take the place of 代替in the open air 在戶外on the watch 留神in the future 將來(lái)in the place of在一的地方綜合練習(xí)1. His grandparents were born in _Qing Dyn

22、asty, while he was born in 1920s.A. the, aB. /, theC. the, the D. the, /2. Dalian is _most beautiful tourist city and I believe I ll come for _second time.A. the, aB. a, aC.the, the D. a, the3. In the United States, Fathe rs Day falls on third Sunday in June.A. the, /B. a, the C. the, the D. /, the4

23、. Peter likes playing _basketball, but he doesn t like basketball I bought forhim on his birthday. A. the, the B./, /C. /, the D. the, /5. I like _color of your skirt. It is good match for your shoes.A. a, theB. a, aC. the, aD. the, the6. A bullet hit the soldier and he was wounded in leg.A. aB. his

24、C. oneD. the7. David comes from European country and he is honest boy.A. a, anB. an, aC. the, anD. an, an8. Mike was electedchairman of the student sunion and it was _honor for him.A. a, anB. the, aC. the, anD. /, an9. _ came that Mary had _with Tom and both of them were very angry.A. A word, a word

25、 B. The word, a word C. Words, words D. word, words10. Reading is good habit. Stick to it, and you ll makeprogress.A. a, /B. a, aC. /, aD. the, /11. Hiking is great fun. You will get close to nature and take exercises.A. a, theB. /, /C. /, theD. the, /12. Is there Miss Smith in the office? Here is p

26、ackage for her.A. a, aB. /, aC. /, theD. a, the13. Sue could play _ piano at the age of four.A. theB. /C. aD. an14. If you go by train, you can have quite a comfortable journey, but make sureyou get fast one.A. the, the B. /, aC. the, aD. /, /15. Hu Jintao, _Chairman of China attended ceremony marki

27、ng the 10thanniversary of Macao s return to the motherland on December 20, 2009.A. the, the B. the, aC. /, theD. /, a16. Although he was in _ trouble, the great man would never lose _ heart.A. /, /B. the, theC. /, theD. the, /易錯(cuò)題1. Since tasting the excitement of big city life, she never wants to li

28、ve in country again.A. the, the B. 不填，不填C. the, 不填 D. 不填， the2. The operation is success and the patient is now out of danger.A. a, the B. a, 不填 C. 不填 , the D. 不填，不填3. As writer, he was complete failure.A. a, a B. a, the C. 不填，不填 D. a, 不填4. How strange! These years my birthday always falls .A. on th

29、e Sunday B. on a Sunday C. on Sunday D. at a Sunday5. This is best kind of pen you can get here.A. the, the B. the, a C. the, 不填 D. a, the6. As is known to us all, tiger is in danger of becoming extinct.A. the, a B. the, 不填 C. a, 不填 D. 不填 , the7. He spent too much time talking on _ phone while we we

30、re all busy at work.A. the, 不填 B. a, 不填 C. 不填 , 不填 D. the, the8. As unemployment is very high at the moment, it s very difficult for peopleto find work.A. the,不填B.不填，不填C. the, a D. an, the9. Apartments in cities can be quite high. Renters are paying up to $1,000 per monthfor bedroom apartment.A. one

31、 a B. the one C. one D. a one10. The education of young is always hot and serious topic.A. 不填 , 不填 B. the, a C. 不填 , the D. the, 不填11. I often have conversations with John over telephone, while keep in touchwith Tom by letter.A.不填；the B.不填；a C. the；不填 D. the; a12. John has put forward most challengi

32、ng question for us to answer. Yes, it really is. I have never heard harder one.A. the; 不填 B. 不填 ; the C. the; the D. a; a13. “What about school? ”“ It is as good, as anybody can see, school asNo 1 Middle School Attached to Hunan Normal University.”A. a; the B. the; a C. a; a D. the; the14. The marke

33、t for _ used computers is getting larger and larger asyears go on.A. 不填 , 不填 B. the, 不填 C. the, the D. 不填 , the15. “Charley Oakley, NBA A-llstar, hasn t missed game in the pastthree years. ”“ I can hardly believe it. ”A. an; theB. a; the C. the; a D. an; a16. In the market, vegetables are sold by ki

34、logram, I mean, byweight.A. the;不填 B.不填；不填 C. the; the D.不填；the17. Many people agree that knowledge of English is a must in international trade today.A. the, an B. a, 不填 C. the, the D. 不填 , the18. The cakes are delicious. I d like to have third one as second oneI ate was too small. A. the, the B. a,

35、 the C. the, a D. a, a19. England of those years was England in peace.A. 不填 , 不填 B. The, an C. The, 不填D. 不填 , an20. Did you happen to see black and white cat? Are they missing? I told you to take care of them.A. a; 不填 B. the; 不填 C. the; the D. a; the1. 選 D ， big city life 表泛指，其前不用冠詞； country 表示 “農(nóng)村 ”時(shí)，其前習(xí)慣上要用 定冠詞。2. 選 B， success 在此指 “成功的事 ” ，為可數(shù)名詞； out of danger （脫離危險(xiǎn)）為習(xí)語(yǔ)， 其中不用冠詞。3. 選A ，其中的failure 在此指 “失敗的人 ” ，為可數(shù)名詞。4. 選 B ， Sunday 前用不定冠詞，表示 “某一個(gè) ” 。5. 選 C， kind of 后的名詞通常不用冠詞。6. 選B,當(dāng)概括事物的種類時(shí)，用定冠詞，不用不定冠詞；另外 in danger of是短語(yǔ)， 不用冠詞。7. 選 A。 on the phone 和 at work 均