高一英語 Unit20《Humour》備課資料 舊人教版第一冊(cè)

1、Reference for Teaching一、異域風(fēng)情1.Charlie ChaplinCharlie Chaplin was born on April 16,1889 in London.His father was an entertainer and although not one of the big names.He was doing very well.His mother Hannah was also an entertainer,a wonderful mimic.She had a sweet,charming voice.While they were not r

2、ich,the music hall provided the Chaplins with a comfortable living.Unfortunately,happy life didn't last long.Father's alcoholism was slowly,but surely destroying his marriage.Finally it ended in divorce,but Hannah was strong.Without her,Charlie Chaplin would have become just one more child l

3、ost in the poverty of Victorian London.Somehow she managed to keep Charlie and his brother Sydney clean,warm and clothed.She would sit at the window watching the passers-by and guess their characters from the way they looked and behaved,making up stories to delight Charlie and Sydney.Charlie took in

4、 her skills and went on using them all his life.Charlie had always believed,even in the worst times,that was something special locked away inside him.He took his courage and went to see one of the top theatrical agents.With no experience at all,he was being offered the little part of Billythe pagebo

5、y in a new production of Sherlock Holmes opened on July 27,1903 at the enormous Pavilion Theatre.Charlie seemed to change overnight.It was as if he had found the thing he was meant to do.In 1910,when karno set off on its yearly American tour,one of the best pantomine artists had ever seen him.They h

6、ad reached Philadelphia when a telegram arrived and Charlie was offered the chance to replace a star in the keystone film company.Cinema was born in the same year as Charlie thought people still believed it was a passing fad,and would never replace live shows.He was kept hanging about for several we

7、eks and he used the time to watch and to learn.He was determined to master this new medium.It offered him the chance of money and successand it would set him free from the noises of live audience.Charlie's first film,shown in February 1914 was called “Making a living”.Though it didn't satisf

8、y Charlie,the public liked it.After that he had made ten films and he had learned a lot.The public loved him and distributors were demanding more and more.Chaplin films.In an incredibly short time,Charlie had become a very important man is motion picture2.About JokesWhat is it that makes people laug

9、h?More than two thousand years ago the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle defined humous as the pleasure that results from a feeling of triumph by showing we're better than someone else in a certain way.According to Aristotle and many other philosophers,all jokes depend mainly on showing inferi

10、ority in another person or group of personsthat is,putting it clearly,on showing that they are not as good as we are.Jokes raise our good opinion of ourselves chiefly someone else's expense.By showing how much better than other people we are is only one reason we like jokes.Someone may also use

11、a joke to express their anger or their cruelty or any other kind of action that is not acceptable to us.We feel free to laugh when we hear about someone slipping on a banana skin.The joke lets us express those attitudes which are usually unacceptable to society.This is probably the reason why some o

12、f the jokes,especially those involving cruelty or sex,are so poplular with certain people.In addition,all jokes depend on our enjoy ment of laughing at something that is strange and out of place because it's different from things which are happening around it.The same situation can be either sad

13、 or pleasant,depending entirely on how strange and out of place it is.If a girl in a bathing-dress falls into a swimming pool,we don't laugh because nothing unusual has happened.But if a man in smart suit falls in,the situation is at once unusual in a pleasant way and we laugh.A good joke-teller

14、 will always try to build up a situation in which one thing is expected until something unexpected suddenly happdened,and so we laugh.二、知識(shí)歸納(一)with的用法歸納(1)表示“和一起”。He is going to study English with me.他要和我一起學(xué)英語。He is staying with his uncle.他和他叔叔住在一起。(2)表示“一致；同意，同情”。As to this point I cannot agree wit

15、h you.關(guān)于這點(diǎn)我不能同意你。(3)表示“與同時(shí)或同向，隨著”。With these words he went out.他說完這些話就出去了。His earings increased with his power.他的收入隨著他的能力而增加。(4)表示“用材料覆蓋、填充、裝飾、供應(yīng)等”。Fill the glass with wine.把杯子倒?jié)M酒。We are well provided with food and clothing.我們吃得好，穿得好。(5)表示工具、媒介，作“用，以”解，with在此種用法中可用于主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子中。I dry my hand and fa

16、ce with a towel.我用毛巾擦干手和臉。(6)表示“具有、附有”之意，相當(dāng)于“having”。There was a box with a lid on the desk.桌上有一只附有蓋子的盒子。(7)表示“帶在身上”，多用在bring,carry,have,take等動(dòng)詞之后。I have no money with me.我身上沒有帶錢。(8)表示關(guān)系，作“關(guān)于；對(duì)于而言，在某人眼里”。It is a custom with the Chinese.那是關(guān)于中國(guó)人的習(xí)慣。How are things with you?你的近況如何？(9)表示“狀態(tài)”。with在此種用法中，后

17、面常與一抽象名詞連用，形成一副詞短語，其中大部分可等于一副詞。He can read French with ease.他能輕易地讀法文。He swam across the river with difficulty.他好不容易才游過河流。(10)表示原因、理由，常作“因?yàn)?、由于”解。She was trembling with fear.她因恐懼而發(fā)抖。(11)表示“比較”，用在compare with或in comparison with的形式中。His English cannot compare with mine.他的英語比不上我。(12)表示“對(duì)照、對(duì)比”常和contrast連用

18、。You may contrast this book with another one.你可以把這本書和另外一本對(duì)照一下。(13)表示“歸照顧、管理、保存”。Leave the child with its aunt.把小孩留給他的姑媽照顧。(14)表示“與分離，放棄”。She has parted with her car.她已把她的車子賣了。I parted from him at noon.我中午和他分手。(15)表示“不一致，敵對(duì)，反對(duì)”之意。He argued with his father.他和父親爭(zhēng)論意見不一致。They were at war with Germany.他們與

19、德國(guó)交戰(zhàn)。(16)表示讓步，作“盡管、雖然”解，相當(dāng)于“in spite of”。With all his money,he is unhappy.盡管他有錢，他并不快樂。(17)表示“某一動(dòng)作的附帶狀態(tài)”，常形成“with+obj.+補(bǔ)語”的句型。I sleep with the windows open.我開著窗睡覺。He went out with his hat on.他戴著帽子出去。(18)與副詞連用形成“副詞+with+賓語”的感嘆句。Off with your hat!=Take off your hat!脫帽！Down with your money.交出錢來。(二)關(guān)于“動(dòng)詞

20、+賓語+補(bǔ)語”結(jié)構(gòu)1.不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語(1)可用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有：ask,beg,cause,expect,force,forbid,oblige,invite,order,permit,require,persuade,want,warn,call on,wait for等。But he didn't invite her to have dinner with them.(2)下列動(dòng)詞后面跟不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)要省略to:have,let,make,hear,see,watch,notice,observe,listen to,lookat,feel等(help后帶不帶

21、to均可)。He listened to his mother climb the stairs.Will you help me(to)repair my bike?(3)另外下列動(dòng)詞后面也可以用不定式作賓補(bǔ)：allow,drive,get,wish,hate,leave,like,set,teach等。I'd like you to come and meet my relatives.2.現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)可帶現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞：(1)feed,find,get,have,hear,keep,see,send,watch等。The night before the processi

22、on,the two cheats had their lights burning all night long.After an hour or two I felt the wind getting stronger.(2)leave,observe,set,smell,listen to,look at等。They went off together and left me sitting there.3.過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)可帶過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞：(1)find,get,have,leave,keep,see等。When the kings had the pyramids built

23、for them,they perhaps never thought this would happen.(2)hear,make,watch等。Have you ever heard the song sung in English?You must take yourself respected.4.形容詞或名詞作賓補(bǔ)除上面的非謂語動(dòng)詞之外，還有少數(shù)動(dòng)詞可以帶to be加形容詞作賓補(bǔ)，用來說明賓語的狀態(tài)或特征。The Arctic Ocean is considered by some people to be a northern part of the Atlantic Ocean.

24、另外，find,think,know,believe,suppose等也可以如此用法。其中consider,find,think的賓補(bǔ)也可不用to be，直接用形容詞或名詞。We found him(to be)dishonest.They thought Mary(to be)the best singer in the class.We know this to be a fact.5.注意各種不同賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)分(1)現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，賓語和賓補(bǔ)有邏輯主謂關(guān)系。Tom heard Mary singing in the next room.而過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，賓

25、語是后面過去分詞的承受者。Jack wants to have his hair cut.(2)不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別：不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，賓語和賓補(bǔ)有邏輯主謂關(guān)系，并有將要發(fā)生的含義，而現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)有正發(fā)生或已發(fā)生的含義。Jack asked Tom to go to London with him.(to go含有將要發(fā)生)Don't have horses running at the door?(running表示正在或一直不停地跑)Do you hear someone knocking at the door?I heard someone knock(at the

26、door)three times.我聽見有人敲過三次門。三、詞語辨析(一)kind,sort,type1.漢語中的“種”“類”意思相近而又有區(qū)別。英語中也一樣，kind,sort,type等用法相同又有區(qū)別?？偟膩碚f，kind和sort用法是相同的，只是kind較正式，sort則多用于口語和商業(yè)用語，另外，sort有時(shí)含有輕蔑的意味。type則指更為具體的東西，譯為“類型、型號(hào)、樣式”。Do you know what type of blood is yours?你知道你的血型嗎？常見的表示種類的詞組有：a kind/sort of,this kind of,that kind of,all

27、 kinds of,many kinds of,different kinds of,various kinds of,等；of后面的名詞多用單數(shù)，且不用冠詞。如：a kind of flower,all kinds of bamboo.2.說某一種類的東西常用of a kind的結(jié)構(gòu)。They are all of a kind,I like roses of this kind.3.問種類常見的方法是：What kind/sort of book do you like?你喜歡哪類書？What kind/sort of man is he?他是哪種類型的人？4.sort含有輕蔑的意味。如：

28、How did you get this sort of idea into your head?你怎么想出這種主意來呢？I'll do nothing of this sort.這種事我不干。5.a kind of car,a sort of car,a new type of car等都可以說，而type更側(cè)重外觀“式樣”，含“風(fēng)格”的意思。Her beauty was of another type.她的美麗是另一種風(fēng)格的。(二)make fun of,play a joke on,laugh at,make fun of意思是“取笑，嘲弄某人”；play a joke on s

29、b.意思是“開某人玩笑、戲弄某人”;laugh at sb.意思是“譏笑、諷刺某人”。It's wrong to make fun of the blind.取笑盲人是不對(duì)的。We shouldn't play a joke on the cripples.我們不應(yīng)捉弄?dú)埣踩?。Many scientists laughed at it.But Einstein stuck to his theory and went on with his research.許多科學(xué)家嘲笑這個(gè)理論，但是愛因斯坦堅(jiān)持他的理論，繼續(xù)從事他的研究。(三)be famous for,be famous

30、 as這一對(duì)短語都表示“以而出(著名)”，但含義與用法有區(qū)別。(1)當(dāng)主語是表示人的名詞時(shí)，be famous for表示“以某種知識(shí)、技能、作品或特征而出名”，而be famous as則表示“以某種身份而出名”。He is famous for his great inventions.因?yàn)樗膫ゴ蟀l(fā)明，他出名了。He is famous as a great inventor.他是出了名的偉大的發(fā)明家。(2)當(dāng)主語是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞時(shí)，be famous for表示“以某種特點(diǎn)(產(chǎn)品)而出名”，be famous as表示“以什么樣的產(chǎn)地/地方而出名”。France is famous f

31、or his fine food and wine.法國(guó)的美食和酒是出了名的。The town is famous as a wine-producing place.這個(gè)鎮(zhèn)是一個(gè)出名的產(chǎn)酒鎮(zhèn)。(3)當(dāng)主語是事物名詞時(shí)，be famous for表示“以其內(nèi)容、特征、價(jià)值等而被人所知”,be famous as表示“以某種形式出名”。This grammar book is famous for its practical usage.這本語法書以其實(shí)用性而被人所知。This book is famous as a conference book.這本書是出名的參考書。四、能力訓(xùn)練(一)用括號(hào)

32、內(nèi)所給單詞的同根詞填空。1.我有個(gè)有趣的新聞，你可能沒有聽到。I have an_(amuse)piece of news you may not have heard.答案：amazing2.雖然他們知道這是一大筆錢，但確切的錢數(shù)大家還不知道。The _(actually)amount of money was not known though they knew it was large.答案：actual3.這是一個(gè)常用詞。This is a _(common)used word.答案：commonly4.我非常欣賞魯迅。I have great_(appreciate)of Lu Xun.答案：appreciation5.他英語說得很流利。He coul