高中英語(yǔ)重要語(yǔ)法匯總

1、 1. 定語(yǔ)從句定義：在復(fù)合句中，修飾名詞或代詞的從句就是定語(yǔ)從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞就是先行詞。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的 關(guān)系代詞：who,whom,whose,which,that,as關(guān)系副詞：where，when,why關(guān)系代詞：that,指代人或物，在從句中做主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ) Which,指代物或句子，在從句中做主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ) Who,指代人，在從句中做主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ) Whom, 指代人，在從句中做賓語(yǔ) Whose,指代人或物，在從句中只能做定語(yǔ)，后加名詞 As,指代句子，用于非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，as在從句中可做主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)關(guān)系副詞：地點(diǎn)where，時(shí)間when，原因why關(guān)系代詞which ,th

2、at的選用通常只能用that的情況：1. 先行詞是 anything，something，nothing，everything，all ,much, little, none等不定代詞2. 先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾3. 先行詞既有人又有物，關(guān)系代詞用that4. 關(guān)系代詞在從句中做表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句的主謂一致 one of +復(fù)數(shù) the only one of 復(fù)數(shù)Condition，case，situation，point，stage 等用where做先行詞例題解析：1.If a book is in English, means slow progress for you.A. whi

3、ch B. that C. as D. what2.Is this room he lived in last year? Is this the room he lived in last year?A .that, that B. the one, the oneC. that, the one D. the one, that2 .the present continuous tense 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)用法：1. 表示目前正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如：They are planting trees on the mountain. 他們?cè)谏缴现矘洹other is preparing supp

4、er in the kitchen. 母親在廚房做晚飯。2. 有些非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示動(dòng)作即將進(jìn)行或發(fā)生，或表示動(dòng)作的重復(fù)。如：He is joining the army. 他要參軍了。They are buying the house. 他們要買那座房子。3. 當(dāng)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)中有always, forever, constantly, continually修飾時(shí)，表示說(shuō)話人的贊賞或厭煩的感情。如:Why is the baby always crying? 為什么那個(gè)老是在哭。They are always helping us. 他們總是幫助我們。Will do /be goin

5、g to do 的區(qū)別；1.時(shí)間來(lái)看 Be going to do 近期，眼下 will do 則相對(duì)時(shí)間要遠(yuǎn)一些2.be going to do 表示有計(jì)劃，有安排 高三從句講解21. 語(yǔ)法部分表語(yǔ)從句（Predicative Clause）：用一個(gè)句子做表語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)是什么或怎么樣。The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.His suggestion is that we should stay calm.He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago.系動(dòng)詞：(1.1) 表示狀態(tài)的連

6、系動(dòng)詞am, is, are, appear, seem, keep, remain, stay etc.(1.2) 表示感覺(jué)的連系動(dòng)詞look, feel, smell, sound, taste etc.(1.3)表示轉(zhuǎn)變的連系動(dòng)詞become, fall, turn, go etc.例:It is growing warm. Maple trees turn red in autumn. I fell asleep during my Chinese class.表語(yǔ)從句知識(shí)點(diǎn)：(1.)表語(yǔ)從句一定要用陳述語(yǔ)序。例：False: The question is when can he a

7、rrive at the hotel.Right: The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.(2.)不可以用if，而用whether 連接表語(yǔ)從句（as if 例外）。False: The question is if the enemy is marching towards us.Right: The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us.Right: It looked as if he had understood this question. (3.)不像賓語(yǔ)從

8、句，在有表語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中，主句時(shí)態(tài)和從句時(shí)態(tài)可以不一致。The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.The question is why he cried yesterday.賓語(yǔ)從句（Object Clause）：在主句中做賓語(yǔ)的復(fù)合從句例：Tom said that he was reading a book.He told me where our classroom is.賓語(yǔ)從句知識(shí)點(diǎn)：（1）引導(dǎo)詞的選用句子類型引導(dǎo)詞陳述句that一般疑問(wèn)句If/Whether特殊疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)詞（2）時(shí)態(tài)的處理主句時(shí)態(tài)

9、從句時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)根據(jù)句意的需要，用任何一種時(shí)態(tài)一般過(guò)去時(shí)與原句相對(duì)應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)客觀事實(shí)，真理，自然現(xiàn)象，諺語(yǔ)等一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 主語(yǔ)從句定義：復(fù)合句在主句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。（1）主語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)：不受主句的時(shí)態(tài)影響和限制。例：1. Whose watch was lost is unknown.2Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.3. Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet.（2）為了防止句子頭重腳輕，通常用it做形式主語(yǔ)，放在句首，把真

10、正的主語(yǔ)放在句末。例：It is a pity that we won't be able to go to the south to spend our summer vacation. It seems that he has seen the film.It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry.（3）用it做形式主語(yǔ)的情況1. It is 名詞從句 It is a fact that 事實(shí)是 It is an honor that 非常榮幸 It is common knowledge

11、that 是常識(shí) 2. it is 形容詞從句 It is natural that 很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是 3. it 不及物動(dòng)詞從句 It seems that 似乎 It happened that 碰巧 4. it is過(guò)去分詞從句 It is reported that 據(jù)報(bào)道 It has been proved that 已證實(shí) 高三從句講解三1. 語(yǔ)法部分(1) 同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容。可用于同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞有advice, demand, doubt, fact, hope, idea, information, mes

12、sage, news, order, problem, promise, question, request, suggestion, truth, wish, word等。例如： The news that we won the game makes us cheerful.我們贏得這場(chǎng)比賽的消息令人歡呼。 I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么時(shí)候回來(lái)。 They expressed the hope that they would go and visit Taiwan again. 他們表達(dá)了自己的希望，希望能夠再次參觀臺(tái)

13、灣。有時(shí)同位語(yǔ)從句可以不緊跟在說(shuō)明的名詞后面，而被別的詞隔開。 如： Several years later，word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them 幾年以后，有消息傳來(lái)說(shuō)拿破侖要親自視 察他們。 The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city 他突然想起可能敵人已經(jīng)逃出城了。(2) 狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句：由一個(gè)從句充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)的部分，叫做狀語(yǔ)從句。分為條件狀語(yǔ)從句，地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，方式狀語(yǔ)從句，比較狀語(yǔ)從句，原因狀語(yǔ)從句，目的狀語(yǔ)從句

14、，結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，讓步狀語(yǔ)從句等. 也可以分作真實(shí)條件從句與非真實(shí)條件從句（虛擬）。條件狀語(yǔ)從句，主將從現(xiàn)原則。1條件狀語(yǔ)從句1.1條件狀語(yǔ)從句：狀語(yǔ)從句表示條件，“假如”例：If you often take exercise, you will enjoy a good health.Unless it rains, the game will be played.I can tell you the truth on condition that you promise to keep it to yourself.Supposing anything should go wrong, w

15、hat would you do then ?He will sign the contract provided we offer more favorable terms.So long as you are happy, it doesnt matter what you do.You may borrow my book as long as you keep it clean.Take your umbrella in case it rains.1.2.If從句還可以表示虛擬，此時(shí)要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣例：If I were you, I would invite him to the pa

16、rty.I would have arrived much earlier, if I had not been caught in the traffic.1.3.有些句子雖然沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的詞，但也可以是條件狀語(yǔ)從句。此類條件狀語(yǔ)從句常常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示條件是虛擬的，與事實(shí)相反。But for the rain, we should have a pleasant journey.But for your help, we should not have finished in time.2. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句2.1時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句：狀語(yǔ)從句表示時(shí)間，主句和從句的時(shí)態(tài)通常需要保持一致。例

17、：When you think you know nothing, then you begin to know something.Strike while the iron is hot.Our headmaster laughed as she spoke. It will be four days before they come back. After you think it over, please let me know your decision. I didnt go to bed until (till) my father came back. The moment I

18、 heard the news, I went home immediately. As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up.2.2 hardly(scarcely, rarely)when / before, no soonerthan相當(dāng)于as soon as之意。主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。當(dāng)hardly, scarcely, rarely和no sooner位于句首時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句主句應(yīng)用倒裝語(yǔ)序。例：He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on anothe

19、r journey. 他剛到家，就被邀請(qǐng)開始另一旅程。 No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to commence work.太陽(yáng)剛從地平線上升起，他就起床勞動(dòng)去了。 He had hardly fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his shoulder.這個(gè)阿拉伯人剛要入睡就感到肩膀上被輕輕一觸。 Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in.我剛坐下，他就進(jìn)來(lái)了。 3. 方式狀語(yǔ)從句方式狀

20、語(yǔ)從句通常由as, (just) asso, as if, as though引導(dǎo)例：Always do to the others as you would be done by.He talks as if/though he is drunk.Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.句型 A is to B what C is to D如：Water is to fish what air is to man.4. 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句表示地點(diǎn)、 方位， 這類從句通常由w

21、here引導(dǎo)。例：Where there is a will, there is a way. They will go where they are happy. 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別Go back where you came from. Go back to the village where you came from.5.原因狀語(yǔ)從句原因狀語(yǔ)從句表示原因I cant get to sleep because of the noise outside.I do it because I like it.He could not have seen me, for I was n

22、ot there.I went to bed early, as I was exhausted.Since you are free today, you had better help me with my mathematics.Now (that) you are grown up, you should have your own idea.Considering (that) everybody is here, lets begin our discussion. (現(xiàn)在分詞)6. 目的狀語(yǔ)從句目的狀語(yǔ)從句由連詞that, so that, sothat , in order t

23、hat 引導(dǎo)。Ill run slowly so that you can catch up with me.We shall let you know the details soon in order that you can/may make your arrangements.7.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句由連詞( so )that, sothat, suchthat, so much/manythat引導(dǎo)。The scientists report was so instructive that we were all very excited. Its such a nice wea

24、ther that all of us want to go to the park.8.讓步狀語(yǔ)從句表示讓步的狀語(yǔ)從句。由連詞 though, although引導(dǎo).8.1 though, although當(dāng)雖然講, 都不能和but連用，但是他們都可以同yet (still) 連用.Although we have grown up, our parents still treat us as children. Although he is rich, yet he is not happy.（3）強(qiáng)調(diào)句強(qiáng)調(diào)句用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的某一成分，去掉it is （was） that (who).,句子

25、依然完整。It is I who/that am an English teacher.It was on Sunday that I played table tennis.試比較：It is strange that they didnt come yesterday.It is you and Tom that didnt come yesterday.高中語(yǔ)法之非謂語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法部分定義：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，不做句子謂語(yǔ)，但仍具有除謂語(yǔ)外的其他語(yǔ)法功能的動(dòng)詞。分類：不定式，動(dòng)名詞，現(xiàn)在分詞，動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)1.不定式1.1 做主語(yǔ)To learn a foreign language is not easy

26、.Its dangerous to drive very fast.1.2 做表語(yǔ)My idea is to ring him up at once.All I did was wait here.如果主語(yǔ)部分含實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do，且作表語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞又是“do”的內(nèi)容，這時(shí)表語(yǔ)不定式的“to”可以省略。1.3 做賓語(yǔ)I found it difficult to stop him.1.4做定語(yǔ)I have a lot of books to read.1.5 做狀語(yǔ) -表示目的，原因，結(jié)果等They ran over to welcome the foreign guests.注意：1. 動(dòng)詞hear,

27、 see, feel, watch, notice, look at, listen to等后面的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)不能帶to, 即常見(jiàn)的形式為: hear sb do sth等Many people like to watch others play games. 許多人喜歡看別人玩游戲.2. let, make, have后面的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ), 也不能帶to; help后面的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ), to可有可無(wú)She let us meet her at the station, but she didnt come. 3. 兩種情況下的動(dòng)詞不定式在改被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子時(shí),必須將

28、省略的to還原,也就是說(shuō),動(dòng)詞后需跟帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式.We heard him sing every day. -à He was heard to sing every day. 4. ?？山觿?dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：agree(同意), hope(希望), decide(決定), need(需要), mean(打算), wish(希望), fail(失敗), want(想要), begin(開始), would like(想要)等5. 跟帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞還有: ask, beg, leave, like, love, hate, prefer, order,

29、 teach, tell, believe, find, know, want, think, understand, would like等形式為: ask sb. to do sth.Would you like me to visit him? 要不要我拜訪他?I would prefer you not to come tomorrow. 我寧愿你明天不要來(lái).6. 不定式的特殊句型Why not "Why not +動(dòng)詞原形"表達(dá)向某人提出建議，翻譯為："為什么不?" "干嗎不?" 例如： Why not take a hol

30、iday?2. 動(dòng)名詞2.1動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)Its no use talking about it.Reading aloud is very important in learning a foreign language.2.2 做賓語(yǔ)Would you mind closing the window?2.3 做表語(yǔ)His great pleasure is traveling.2.4 做定語(yǔ)There is a swimming pool in the garden.2.5 做狀語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞做狀語(yǔ)，表示進(jìn)行一個(gè)動(dòng)作的同時(shí)所進(jìn)行的另一個(gè)動(dòng)作，他對(duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞起修飾和配村的作用。動(dòng)名詞做狀語(yǔ)可以表示時(shí)間

31、，原因，結(jié)果，條件，讓步，方式，伴隨等。Having cleaned the rooms, we began to weed the garden. (時(shí)間)Being ill, He couldnt go to school. (原因)Working diligently, you will certainly succeed. （條件）Travelling by train, we visited a number of cities. (方式)Mary sat by the window of the classroom, reading a book. (伴隨)My car was c

32、aught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay. (結(jié)果)注意：接動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞有admit, advise, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, deny, discuss, dislike, enjoy, escape, fancy, excuse, mind, finish, forbid, forgive, imagine, give up, mention, keep, miss, pardon, permit, practice, prevent, put off, prohibit, risk, un

33、derstand, suggest分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：如果分詞短語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)不一致，需用一個(gè)獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)(即保留分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ))或者由一個(gè)with/without引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)表達(dá)。Time permitting; well do another two exercises.His work finished, he prepared to go home.With his work finished, he prepared to go home.3過(guò)去分詞3.1 做定語(yǔ)a repaired cara question discussed yesterday3.2 做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)I h

34、eard him hit by his father yesterday.When I got to the station, I found the train gone/left.不及物動(dòng)詞只有g(shù)one, come, arrived, risen, fallen, left等少數(shù)幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞可以用來(lái)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ), 并且和邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，動(dòng)作已完成。 3.3 做表語(yǔ)The glass is broken.3.4 做狀語(yǔ)Not written interestingly, the book doesnt sell well. （原因）Repaired, the car runs very

35、well. （作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）He came into the room, followed by his students. (作伴隨狀語(yǔ))Given more time, I can do it better. (作條件狀語(yǔ))Warned many times, he didnt pay enough attention to it. (作讓步狀語(yǔ))注意：通常只能用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)的含義，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)、特征等。常見(jiàn)的有下列動(dòng)詞：sell, wash , write, read, tear, wear, open, close, shut, lock, begin, start, stop

36、, last, translate, , belong to, iron, smoke, eat, smell, taste, look, fell, sound, appear, turn out, prove, 等。 主謂一致語(yǔ)法部分主謂一致：語(yǔ)法形式一致原則，邏輯意義一致原則，就近一致原則1. 語(yǔ)法一致原則：指主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。以單數(shù)名詞或代詞，動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)，動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)，以及從句做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。To start smoking is quite easy, but to give it up needs courage. 由

37、and 或both and 來(lái)連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 注意：1.由and連接，但表示同一個(gè)人，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。 The manager and secretary was absent at the meeting.2.雖然用and 連接，但可以看做一套時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。如：fish and chips, fork and knife, bread and butter, coffee and water 等3. 主語(yǔ)是no/each/every+單數(shù)名詞+and (no/each/every)+單數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 Each boy and each girl has got a

38、 seat. many a +單數(shù)名詞，more than one +單數(shù)名詞，盡管意義表示的是不止一人，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 More than one student is interested in the book.如果主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)（復(fù)數(shù)），盡管后面跟有（together） with, along with, with, as well as, as much as ,like, but, except, besides, including, no less than, rather than, more than, in addition to 等短語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)（復(fù)數(shù)）An Eng

39、lish teacher together with some students has climbed to the top of the mountain. No one except my close friends knows anything about this matter.主語(yǔ)是anything, something, everything, nothing, someone, everyone, anyone, nobody, each 等不定代詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)Everyone is here.none of，a lot of /lots of, plenty of, t

40、he rest/ majority of, x percent of, some/many/most/ all of + 名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與of 后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致。Most of the students in our class are league.Most of the food tastes delicious.如果主語(yǔ)由“a kind of, this/that kind of, a series/a species of, a pair of，”修飾的名詞，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。注意：“名詞+of this kind”,以及與kind 意義接近的詞，type, sort 等，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前

41、面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致。Apples of this kind are highly priced.2. 邏輯意義一致原則，即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于主語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的意義的單復(fù)數(shù)。表示總稱意義的名詞people, cattle, police，等詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Cattle are farmers friends.The trousers are not expensive.主語(yǔ)是：family, class, army, enemy, crew, public, team, group, crowd, audience, government 等名詞時(shí)，如果是作為整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；如

42、果作為其中一個(gè)個(gè)的成員，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。My family is very large.His family are waiting for him. clothing(衣服)，poetry(詩(shī)歌)，baggage / luggage(行李)， furniture(家具)，scenery(景色)，jewelry(珠寶)，equipment(設(shè)備)等不可數(shù)的集合名詞用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。Furniture is chiefly made of wood. Poetry was blooming in China in the Tang dynasty. 主語(yǔ)是：時(shí)間，距離，價(jià)格, 重量，

43、長(zhǎng)度等名詞，即使是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只用單數(shù)。Three years passes quickly.Two meters is not long enough.以s 結(jié)尾的名詞本身不表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語(yǔ)通常用單數(shù)形式，如news, physics等No news is good news. Physics is very popular in our class. clothes, glasses, trousers, shoes, socks, gloves 等名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。主語(yǔ)是the number of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，表示的數(shù)目，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。但是主語(yǔ)是a number of+名

44、詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，表示許多，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。The number of students in our school is large.A number of students in our school are from America.the +形容詞，表示一類人，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。he poor are very happy, but the rich are sad. one and a half+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。One and a half oranges has been left on the table.3. 就近一致原則there be 句型There is a

45、n apple, two pears and some oranges on the plate. eitheror, neither nor, not onlybut also, notbut., or, whether or, Neither you nor I am a stranger here.Not his parents but he doesnt want to go.在倒裝句中，如果一個(gè)句子由 there或here引導(dǎo)，而主語(yǔ)又不止一個(gè)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用就近原則高考之虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣：用于表達(dá)一種假設(shè)情況、主觀愿望、請(qǐng)求建議等，即所說(shuō)內(nèi)容與事實(shí)相反，或者實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性極小，或

46、者是假想慮擬的情況。前提條件句(if)主句1.與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 did( be-were)should/would/could/might +do2.與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反had doneshould/would/could/might +have done3.與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反(1)did( be-were)should/would/could/might +do(2)should do(3) were to do4.省略if倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)Had, should, were提前同上Had he recognized me,he would have come over.Were I you, I would g

47、o.Should it happen,what would you do?5.含蓄虛擬條件標(biāo)志詞：With, without, but for, but, but that, or, otherwise ,under等I am really busy, otherwise I would certainly go with you.Without your help， we could not have succeeded.But for electricity, there would be no modern industry.6.主從句錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間If she hadnt trained s

48、o hard,She wouldnt be able to run so fast .If I were you,I would have taken his advice.If you had not watched TV so late last night,You would not be so sleepy now.考點(diǎn)聚焦 1、虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于條件狀語(yǔ)從句中（1）表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“過(guò)去式（be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式用were）”，而主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“would / should/ could / might + 動(dòng)詞原形”。 如： If I were

49、 a boy, I would join the army. If they had time, she should go with you.（2）表示與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反，條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用“would / should / might / could + have +過(guò)去分詞”。如：If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition.（3）表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反，條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般過(guò)去時(shí)或should(were to) + 動(dòng)詞原形，而主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用wo

50、uld / should/could might + 動(dòng)詞原形。如；If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.（4）當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間作相應(yīng)調(diào)整。如：If they had worked hard, they would be very tired.(從句說(shuō)的是過(guò)去，主句指的是現(xiàn)在)2、虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于名詞性從句（1）虛擬語(yǔ)氣在賓語(yǔ)從句中的運(yùn)用?！皐ish + 賓語(yǔ)從句”表示不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，譯為“要是就好了”等。I wish it wer

51、e spring all the year round.I wish I had known the answer.I wish I could fly like a bird.在表示建議、要求、命令等的動(dòng)詞suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insist request、command、order等后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用should + 動(dòng)詞原形或是動(dòng)詞原形。如：She suggested we (should)leave here at once.The doctor ordered she should be operated.（2）虛擬語(yǔ)氣在

52、同位語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句中的運(yùn)用。作表示建議、要求、命令等的名詞advise、idea、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request等的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“（should） + 動(dòng)詞原形”。如：His suggestion that we (should)go to Shanghai is wonderful.My idea is that they (should) pay 100 dollars.注意：“It is /was (high)time (that) Its time that I picked up my daug

53、hter. Its high time we were going.（3）虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在if only引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中。如：If only I were a bird. If only I had taken his advice.（4）虛擬語(yǔ)氣在一些簡(jiǎn)單句中的運(yùn)用。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，表示說(shuō)話人謙虛、客氣、有禮貌或語(yǔ)氣委婉，常出現(xiàn)在日常會(huì)話中。如：It would be better for you not to stay up too late. Would you be kind enough to close the door?其他注意項(xiàng)：1.在except, believe,

54、 think, suspect等動(dòng)詞的否定式或疑問(wèn)式后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中也可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式，表示驚奇、懷疑和不滿等。形式為should do/should have doneI never thought that he should be such a brave young soldier.I never expected that the problem should have been solved that way.2.在表示感謝、意志等的that從句中也可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，意思為“竟然.，居然.”,形式為(should) doI am surprised that you (should)

55、speak in such a way.我很驚奇，你居然用這樣的一種語(yǔ)氣說(shuō)話。I am glad that your novel should have won the first prize.3should/would/could/might+do是一種表示禮貌，使口氣顯得委婉，謙虛的方式，與過(guò)去時(shí)毫不相干，因此在回答時(shí)，如需保留情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，一般要換成現(xiàn)在式。Would you help us? Yes, Iwill.I wonder if you could look after my child while I am away.常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的動(dòng)詞：記憶口訣：一個(gè)“堅(jiān)持”(insist), 兩個(gè)“命令（order, command）”, 三個(gè) “建議(suggest, advise, propose)”，四個(gè)“要求(demand, ask, request, require)”常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的名詞：duty , pity, no surprise , regret, no wonder , shame, advice，decision , preference, demand ,proposal, desire, recommendation, idea , request, requirement