PBS Nova： Riddles of the Sphinx《PBS.新星.獅身人面像之謎（2010）》完整中英文對(duì)照劇本

1、沒(méi)有什么比獅身人面像更能代表Nothing represents the mysteries of ancient Egypt古埃及的神秘more than the Great Sphinx.古埃及人是如何建造出這座蹲伏的How did the Egyptians build this crouching lion,獅身人面的動(dòng)物來(lái)的呢human-headed creature?這是古埃及所建造的最大雕像This is the largest statue ever built in ancient Egypt.是誰(shuí)建的 又為何而建Who built it and why?鼎盛時(shí)期的獅身人面像

2、When it was in its heyday, 色彩曾極其鮮艷斑斕it was a very brightly painted image,就像動(dòng)漫書(shū)里的一樣painted in comic-book colors.獅身人面像之謎The riddles of the Sphinx 讓所見(jiàn)之人都為之困惑have puzzled all who have laid eyes on it,從過(guò)去的君主 到現(xiàn)代的總統(tǒng)from emperors to presidents.現(xiàn)在 解開(kāi)這些謎題已迫在眉睫Now, solving those riddles has taken on a new urg

3、ency,因?yàn)樗那Ф嗄陙?lái)for after more than 4,000 years 只有金字塔們作伴的獅身人面像with only pyramids as neighbors,如今注視著的 卻是一家快餐店today, the Sphinx stares out at a fast-food restaurant.喧鬧的交通 來(lái)往的游人Traffic, tourism 以及現(xiàn)代建筑都讓它顫栗不已a(bǔ)nd construction are trembling it apart.獅身人面像幾乎坐落在開(kāi)羅的商業(yè)區(qū)The Sphinx is almost in downtown Cairo.這是迎面而

4、來(lái)的都市大侵襲It's a full frontal urban assault.趁為時(shí)未晚 兩組科學(xué)家和建筑工人Before it's too late, two teams of scientists and builders 將去解開(kāi)古老的獅身人面像之謎are tackling the age-old riddles of the Sphinx.也不是那么容易 對(duì)吧It's not easy, is it?他們沉浸在古埃及的世界當(dāng)中They're immersing themselves in the world of ancient Egypt,那個(gè)世界

5、里有法老 有金字塔a world of Pharaohs and pyramids, 有獸神 有木乃伊animal gods and mummies,有太陽(yáng)崇拜sun worship還有活人獻(xiàn)祭and human sacrifice.埃及的永恒之沙能否最終Will the eternal sands of Egypt finally交出獅身人面像的秘密呢give up the secrets of this human-headed lion?敬請(qǐng)收看新星系列之Right now on NOVA: 獅身人面像之謎Riddles of the Sphinx.一雙伸展的巨爪 比城市大巴還長(zhǎng)Gian

6、t paws, longer than a city bus stretch out before it.巨尾如鞭 盤(pán)繞在身后A whipping tail, wraps around its back.而它碩大的身軀And its enormous body, 相當(dāng)于五十架747噴氣式客機(jī)的重量about the weight of fifty 747 jumbo jets,靠在腰際 靜候捕捉獵物的時(shí)機(jī)is on haunches, poised to pounce.然而這只雄獅卻長(zhǎng)了個(gè)房♥子般大的But this lion has a human head 人的腦袋a

7、s big as a house,這就是獅身人面像for this is the Great Sphinx.約240英尺長(zhǎng)約73.15米At nearly 240 feet long幾乎是一個(gè)足球場(chǎng)的長(zhǎng)度almost the length of a football field近70英尺高約21.34米 and almost 70 feet tall與白宮一般高the height of the White House獅身人面像是全埃及最大的雕像the Sphinx is the largest statue in all of Egypt,而埃及以巨型古跡而聞名a land renowned

8、 for its oversized monuments.在吉薩It is here at Giza, 獅身人面像和大金字塔的故鄉(xiāng)home of the Sphinx and the Great Pyramids,確實(shí)興建有許多大型建筑where building big really booms.約公元前2500年 距今四千多年前Around 2500 B.C., more than 4,000 years ago,吉薩高原還是荒蕪大漠the Giza Plateau is a desolate landscape.一位頗有遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)卓識(shí)的法老 胡夫A visionary Pharaoh name

9、d Khufu 設(shè)計(jì)了這座大金字塔constructs the Great Pyramid.隨后他的兒子He's followed by his son,以及孫子 又建了兩座金字塔and then his son's son, who build two more pyramids.巨型陵墓群的設(shè)計(jì)是為確保Designed as giant tombs to insure 列王能安全通向來(lái)生the kings' safe passage to the afterlife,金字塔群及其周?chē)纳竦顝R宇the pyramids and their surrounding te

10、mples將吉薩高原變成transform an area of the Giza Plateau 一座廣闊的死寂之城into a vast city of the dead.探索吉薩高原胡夫法老的金字塔Pharaoh Khufu's pyramid 是世界上最著名的墓碑is the most famous gravestone on Earth.胡夫的設(shè)計(jì)師當(dāng)時(shí)可能就站在這里Khufu's architect probably stood here 馬克·萊納 古埃及研究協(xié)會(huì)俯瞰著我身后的全景and looked out over the panorama behi

11、nd me 或許他預(yù)見(jiàn)到 and maybe foresaw 將有三代法老在此大興土木three generations of building here,因?yàn)榇说貫榫扌偷裣?金字塔because of the excellent conditions for carving giant statues 和陵墓群 提供了得天獨(dú)厚的環(huán)境and for building pyramids and tombs.胡夫及其子嗣創(chuàng)造了古埃及的黃金時(shí)代Khufu and his sons launch a golden age of Egypt, 即所謂的古王國(guó)時(shí)代known as the Old King

12、dom.比起典型金字塔But while the classic pyramid 可以追溯的更早期形態(tài)can be traced back to earlier forms,如塞加拉的階梯金字塔like the stepped pyramid of Saqqara,獅身人面像可謂橫空出世the Great Sphinx appears out of nowhere,不論尺寸還是外形 都堪稱(chēng)史無(wú)前例unprecedented in size and form.盡管金字塔內(nèi)有標(biāo)明設(shè)計(jì)建造者的銘文And while inscriptions inside the pyramids reveal wh

13、o built them,關(guān)于獅身人面像的起源卻沒(méi)有相關(guān)線(xiàn)索there are no such clues about the origins of the Sphinx.這只蜷伏的獅身人面獸到底是什么What is this crouching lion, human-headed beast? 埃及人如何造出這項(xiàng)遠(yuǎn)古的奇跡How did the egyptians build this wonder of the ancient world?又是誰(shuí)的面孔 凝望了千年之久Whose face is this staring out across the millennia?現(xiàn)由兩組專(zhuān)家探究古

14、老的獅身人面像之謎Now two teams tackle these age-old mysteries of the Sphinx.一組科學(xué)家研究古埃及的地質(zhì)狀況One team of scientists investigates the geology,歷史記錄 和考古情況history and archaeology of ancient Egypt.許多來(lái)看獅身人面像的人Many people who try to look at the Sphinx,扎西·哈瓦斯 埃及古物最高委員會(huì)看的只是表象they look at it by itself.但你必須結(jié)合其中的建筑價(jià)

15、值But you have to look at all the architecture,考古價(jià)值 藝術(shù)價(jià)值以及銘文archaeology, art, and inscriptions.你只有綜合來(lái)看You have to look at all of this 才能解釋獅身人面像的功能所在to explain the function of the Sphinx.另一組石雕家將造出一個(gè)縮小版的Another team of stone-carvers will build scaled-down 獅身人面像及遺失的鼻子部分的復(fù)♥制♥品replic

16、as of the Sphinx and its missing nose,用以闡明to shed light on 古人是怎樣雕出這世界奇觀(guān)的how the ancients carved this wonder of the world.它很讓人驚異 因?yàn)樵谌＜癐t's near mind-boggling; in all Egypt,幾乎所有的石雕都僅僅是靠most of the stone was carved with just pounding日積月累的敲擊鑿刻for thousands and thousands of hours.里克·布朗 手工天下工作室解

17、密獅身人面像的比賽正式開(kāi)始The race is on to unlock the riddles of the Sphinx.獅身人面像之謎歷史上曾有上千座獅身人面像There have been thousands of sphinxes throughout history,但這座吉薩獅身人面像 是最初期的but this sphinx, the Great Sphinx, is one of the very first,也是迄今最大型的雕像之一and is by far the largest ever built.當(dāng)時(shí)還處于實(shí)驗(yàn)期This was an age of experim

18、entation.這座獅身人面像只算是個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)品The Sphinx is an experiment.它是全新的產(chǎn)物 而且極不尋常It was something new, something highly unusual.那么把人頭放在獅子身上的想法So where did the idea of putting a human head 從何而來(lái)呢on a lion's body come from?考古學(xué)家古特·德雷爾Archaeologist Gunter Dreyer 正駛向阿比杜斯大漠is searching the desert of Abydos,它位于吉薩和

19、金字塔南部300英里處about 300 miles south of Giza and the pyramids.德雷爾經(jīng)由胡夫的古王國(guó)溯流而上Dreyer is traveling back past Khufu and the Old Kingdom,直至埃及文明的源頭to the very dawn of Egyptian civilization: 公元前3000年3000 B.C., 獅身人面像建成前500年500 years before the Sphinx.正如吉薩一樣 Like Giza, 阿比杜斯也是一座死亡之城Abydos is also a city of the d

20、ead,不過(guò)并沒(méi)有金字塔but without pyramids.這里 埃及的開(kāi)朝法老們被葬在Here, Egypt's founding pharaohs are buried beneath大漠黃沙下的泥磚墓葬群之中the desert sands in a complex of mud-brick tombs.今天 德雷爾要調(diào)查其中的一個(gè)墓葬Today, Dreyer is investigating one of those tombs.它由三個(gè)墓室組成The tomb consists of three huge chambers 古特·德雷爾 德國(guó)考古研究所就埋在

21、這個(gè)小山丘下underneath that mound over there;在它前面and in front of it,有一排附葬群there are three rows of subsidiary burials; 一共35個(gè)altogether, 35.主室在古代就被盜墓者洗劫過(guò)The main chamber was plundered in ancient times 此墓中的法老遺體也被盜走and the royal body stolen,但在發(fā)掘出的銘文中發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)名字but inscriptions found inside reveal a name, 阿哈法老Phar

22、aoh Aha,埃及第一王朝的第一代君主the very first king of Egypt's First Dynasty.作為法老 阿哈行使著絕對(duì)君主♥權(quán)♥As Pharaoh, Aha wielded absolute power.阿比杜斯的挖掘工作The Abydos excavation 證實(shí)了活人獻(xiàn)祭的存在reveals evidence of human sacrifice:35具健康成年人的骷髏the skeletons of 35 healthy adults,大多數(shù)小于20歲 全是群葬的一部分most under th

23、e age of 20, all part of a mass burial.即使在如此遠(yuǎn)古的時(shí)代 Even at that remote time, 那都不屬于自然死亡的年齡that is not a natural age of death,因此我們可以推斷 他們是被殺害的and so we may conclude they were killed 好讓他們伴隨君主同往來(lái)生to follow the king in his afterlife,生生世世都服侍君主to serve him there in eternity.這位法老及其陪葬品The Pharaoh and his worl

24、dly goods 被葬在墓葬群的一端are buried at one end of the complex,35名活人獻(xiàn)祭的犧牲者緊隨其后followed by the 35 victims of human sacrifice,被埋在小一點(diǎn)的墓里in smaller tombs, 在最后的墓里出現(xiàn)更多的尸骨and in the last tomb are even more bones,但卻不是人類(lèi)的but these are not human. 為了鑒別For identification,它們被拿來(lái)與現(xiàn)代骨骼比較they were compared with modern skel

25、etons.經(jīng)過(guò)篩查 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了大量動(dòng)物骨骼By sifting we found a lot of animal bones, 尤其是獅子的骨骼especially bones of lions.我們感到相當(dāng)意外That was quite a surprise.幾只死獅與那些年輕成人Several lions died and were buried at the same time同時(shí)下葬as the young adults,證據(jù)表明他們同樣是用于活體獻(xiàn)祭evidence that they, too, were sacrificed.但為什么會(huì)有獅子來(lái)給法老做陪葬呢But why w

26、ere these lions entombed along with the Pharaoh?君主用雄獅做伴 以昭示其強(qiáng)權(quán)The king identifies himself with the lion to show his power,以施展其政♥權(quán)♥to express his power.德雷爾的發(fā)掘工作發(fā)現(xiàn)Dreyer's excavations reveal that 埃及第一任法老行使著無(wú)上的政♥權(quán)♥Egypt's first Pharaohs wielded enormo

27、us power足以命令大量人♥民♥為了活祭獻(xiàn)身enough to command the ritual slaughter of dozens of people.活獅殉葬則提供了And the lion sacrifices provide獅身人面形式的第一條線(xiàn)索the first clue to the meaning of the Sphinx's form:獅子象征著法老的權(quán)力lions symbolize the power of the pharaoh.但獅身人面像不僅含有獅子部分But the Sphinx is more t

28、han just a lion, 也有人類(lèi)的部分it's also part human.古埃及人把神描畫(huà)為半人半獸的樣子Ancient Egyptians depict their gods as part animal, part human,但通常來(lái)說(shuō) 那些神都是but usually those gods have animal heads 獸首人身and human bodies.獅身人面像恰好相反The Sphinx is just the opposite.當(dāng)你將人頭放在獅子身上時(shí)When you put the human head on the lion body,你

29、就擁有了獅子的一切威力和強(qiáng)權(quán)you have all the strength and power of the lion,而獅身之上的人頭and you have the human head則象征著人類(lèi)的智慧和控制力which is a symbol of intelligence and control.所以這是個(gè)象征著權(quán)利在握的形象And so, it is an image of power under control.但這是誰(shuí)掌控的強(qiáng)權(quán)呢But whose power and control?其實(shí)這個(gè)人頭還戴著頭巾The human head is actually wearing

30、 a scarf 叫做尼米 是一種裝飾頭巾called the nemes. It's a headdress,而且只有法老才能戴這種尼米and only the Pharaohs wore the nemes headdress.所以獅身人面像既是神 又是法老So the Sphinx is both a god and a Pharaoh,當(dāng)用來(lái)象征著法老的權(quán)力時(shí)and when it came to symbolizing the power of the Pharaoh,雕像越大越好the bigger, the better.在接下來(lái)的五百年里Over the next 50

31、0 years,法老們的墓建得愈發(fā)雄偉the Pharaohs' tombs got more and more massive從地下的墓室from underground burial chambers 到地上陵墓to aboveground tombs,從階梯金字塔到吉薩大金字塔and from stepped pyramids to the Great Pyramids of Giza.在王室墓葬的形式和尺寸逐漸進(jìn)化的同時(shí)But while the form and size of royal tombs evolve slowly,獅身人面像卻并無(wú)先例the Great Sph

32、inx has no precedent.它是埃及歷史上首次It was the first time in the history of Egypt 馬克·萊納 古埃及研究協(xié)會(huì)創(chuàng)作出的如此大規(guī)模的雕塑that they created sculpture at this scale.獅身人面像是如何創(chuàng)作出來(lái)的So how was the Sphinx created?它的巨爪Looking at its paws,似乎是由上千的石塊堆砌而成it appears to be built with thousands of blocks.它是像金字塔一樣用石塊Was it constr

33、ucted like the pyramids,堆疊而成的嗎by stacking blocks of stone?然而近觀(guān)則會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn) But a closer look reveals that 它的上身部分和頭部its upper body and head是用一整塊巨石雕刻而成are carved out of one huge rock.這是否說(shuō)明它是像拉什莫爾山那樣雕成的Does that mean it was carved like Mount Rushmore?線(xiàn)索在于獅身人面像的石塊 Clues lie in the stone of the Sphinx 及其周?chē)膸r石and

34、 the rock around it.令人驚訝的是 Amazingly, 沒(méi)有人仔細(xì)調(diào)查過(guò)它的石料nobody had ever investigated its stones in any detail,直到30年前 馬克·萊納才開(kāi)始調(diào)查until Mark Lehner, 30 years ago.如今他是世界埃及考古學(xué)的領(lǐng)頭人之一Today, he's one of the world's leading Egyptologists.當(dāng)我初次來(lái)埃及時(shí)When I first came to Egypt.現(xiàn)存最好的獅身人面像地圖The best maps tha

35、t existed of the Sphinx 也僅是簡(jiǎn)單的輪廓were simply the outline.如果想研究獅身人面像是如何建成的If you're investigating how the Sphinx was built,現(xiàn)有圖紙的作用只相當(dāng)于the existing drawings were about as useful as用衛(wèi)星快照所查看到的if you were trying to build a 50-story skyscraper 一座50層摩天大樓的屋頂而已using just a satellite snapshot of its roof.當(dāng)

36、時(shí)對(duì)獅身人面像的了解僅限于此That's how little was known about the Sphinx.為了解開(kāi)它的秘密To unlock its secrets, 人們需要看得更近someone needed to take a much closer look.我在這里花了五年的時(shí)間I spent five years here,按比例繪制了每一塊石頭mapping every stone to scale. 這就是我的辦公室This was my office.我在這里休息And I would take my breaks here吃點(diǎn)過(guò)期的奶酪三明治 and h

37、ave a stale cheese sandwich 喝點(diǎn)雀巢咖啡and a cup of Nescafe.萊納繪制的地圖Lehner's mapping 提供了獅身人面像及其所用石料gave him an intimate knowledge of the Sphinx,和吉薩高原的詳盡信息its stone and the Giza Plateau.首先 獅身人面像是用石灰?guī)r制♥造♥的To begin with, the Sphinx is made of limestone.仔細(xì)檢查這些石灰?guī)r Close inspection of

38、the limestone 可以得知它的形成過(guò)程reveals how it was formed.可以發(fā)現(xiàn) 它的形態(tài)有點(diǎn)像珊瑚瑙You see a pattern that looks kind of like a brain coral,或者說(shuō)很像海綿or almost like a sponge.吉薩高原上的石灰?guī)rAll the limestone at Giza,包括獅身人面像身體部分的石灰?guī)rincluding the body of the Sphinx都曾是海底的一部分was once the floor of the sea;這里就是海床 it was a seabed.所以 巖

39、石里面沉積了So you have, frozen into the stone,海底生物的各種元素various elements of seafloor life.數(shù)百萬(wàn)年前 吉薩高原曾位于海底Millions of years ago, the Giza Plateau was under water.海洋里的動(dòng)植物死亡后 Sea creatures and plants died,下沉到海底falling to the bottom.隨著時(shí)間推移 遺骸就演化成了石灰?guī)rOver time, their remains were compressed to form limestone但并

40、非所有的石灰?guī)r都是這樣形成的But not all limestone is created equal.有些石灰?guī)r形成于松軟的海底Some limestone is formed from the soft sea bottom有的則形成于堅(jiān)硬的珊瑚礁and some from hard coral reefs.軟硬石灰?guī)r共同形成了Together they form a kind of layer cake類(lèi)似夾心蛋糕的結(jié)構(gòu)of hard and soft limestone.獅身人面像就是由The Sphinx is composed out of許多不同的石灰?guī)r層所構(gòu)成several

41、different limestone layers.就像是用一個(gè)夾心蛋糕So it's as though you carved the Sphinx 雕出獅身人面像的花樣out of a layer cake.有黏膩的軟石灰?guī)r糖霜層And there are gooey layers of soft frosting,中間插入的巖層 質(zhì)地則更硬一些and then there are intervening harder layers.這些硬巖層The harder layers of rock其持久性更優(yōu)于軟巖層have held up better than the softe

42、r layers.如今我們所見(jiàn)的獅身人面像Today it looks a lot different from已和最初大相徑庭了when it was first built.最初光滑的表面 Its original smooth surface已在四千多年的風(fēng)吹日曬中被蠶食has been eaten away by over 4,000 years of wind, water and sand.在獅身人面像的右胸部分Here on the right side of the Sphinx's chest,可以看到風(fēng)化作用we can see how weathering使得軟巖

43、層深陷下去has put the softer layers into deep recesses,硬巖層則顯得突出了while the harder layers protrude.對(duì)萊納來(lái)說(shuō) 這種風(fēng)化形態(tài)是To Lehner, this weathering pattern is解密其修建方式的另一重要線(xiàn)索another important clue as to how the Sphinx was built.近期的修復(fù)工作Recent restorations掩蓋了這一形態(tài)obscure this pattern,但是20世紀(jì)20年代所拍下的照片 but photographs fro

44、m the 1920s,能夠提供明證clearly show it,包括獅身人面像的軀體on both the body of the Sphinx及斯芬克斯溝的側(cè)壁and on the side of what is known as the "Sphinx Ditch".這種形態(tài)就像指紋The pattern acts like a fingerprint,當(dāng)萊納比較獅身人面像的軀體and when Lehner compares the Sphinx's body和斯芬克斯溝的側(cè)壁時(shí)with the side of the Sphinx Ditch,兩者完全吻

45、合it's a perfect match.我們確信這些巖石 We are certain that these 和構(gòu)成斯芬克斯溝南面的巖石are the same layers of natural rock來(lái)自同一巖層that form the south side of the Sphinx Ditch.萊納在獅身人面像的大爪前方 Lehner identifies more of that rock 即斯芬克斯神廟的廢墟里directly in front of the Sphinx's paws,得到了更多的確證in the ruins of a building k

46、nown as the Sphinx Temple.就在這塊曾是There, on the huge stone blocks斯芬克斯神廟圍墻的巨石上that were once the walls of the Sphinx Temple,他發(fā)現(xiàn)了和獅身人面像的he discovers those same familiar layers軟硬巖層類(lèi)似的層疊結(jié)構(gòu)of hard and soft stone that he finds on the Sphinx.你能看到這些巖層紋路You can see the layers在巖石塊之間不斷延續(xù)run continuously from one

47、 block to another經(jīng)過(guò)了神廟圍墻上的很多塊巖石through many of the blocks forming the temple walls.這里是一個(gè)地質(zhì)層Here is one geological layer,這個(gè)黃色條帶是較軟的地質(zhì)層then this yellow band is a softer geological layer.獅身人面像 斯芬克斯溝和神廟But what does the similarity of the rock 相似的巖石結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)于獅身人面像的構(gòu)建in the Sphinx, ditch and temple tell Lehner

48、向萊納提供了怎樣的訊息呢about how the Sphinx was built?埃及人挖出了一個(gè)馬蹄形溝渠The Egyptians quarried a horseshoe-shaped ditch僅留下中間一大塊巖石leaving a core that left a big block用來(lái)雕刻獅身人面像from which they carved the Sphinx itself.他們搬走多余的石頭They moved the stone,有的甚至有上百?lài)?amp;hearts;重sometimes in blocks of a hundred tons,搬到較低的平臺(tái)down

49、to the lower terrace做成了斯芬克斯神廟的圍墻for fabricating the walls of the Sphinx temple.因此 獅身人面像所在之處So the starting point for the Sphinx原本定有一塊巨石must have been a huge rock矗立于吉薩高原sticking out of the surface of the Giza Plateau.工人們?cè)谥車(chē)诹艘粭l壕溝Workers cut a trench around it,從中挖掘出巨型石塊quarrying the stone out from the

50、 ditch in huge blocks.他們將石塊搬運(yùn)出來(lái)They hauled off those blocks建成了鄰近的斯芬克斯神廟to build the nearby Sphinx temple,然后雕刻家將巨石開(kāi)鑿后剩下的部分then sculptors carved the giant rock remaining in the center雕刻成獅身人面的形狀into the shape of the Sphinx.獅身人面像是直接用The Sphinx was carved right out吉薩高原的天然巖石雕刻出來(lái)的of the natural mother rock

51、 of the Giza Plateau.但是知道它是直接雕刻成形But knowing that it's carved right out of the earth才僅僅揭開(kāi)了謎題的一半is only half the mystery.他們究竟如何做到呢How did they actually do it?用2萬(wàn)噸♥石灰?guī)r雕刻出一個(gè)獅身人面像Sculpting a human-headed lion out of 20,000 tons of limestone絕不是個(gè)小工程is no small matter.法特希 我們需要兩種類(lèi)型的巖石So, Fath

52、i, we need to get two types of rock.理查德·雷丁 密歇根大學(xué)法特希·穆♥罕♥默♥德♥ 雕刻家為了查明古埃及雕刻家所要面對(duì)的挑戰(zhàn)To investigate the challenges faced by the ancient sculptors考古學(xué)家理查德·雷丁archaeologist Richard Redding和自小就在吉薩高原工作的and Fathi Mohammed, a stonemason石匠法特希·穆&

53、hearts;罕♥默♥德♥who has worked at Giza since he was a boy,將聯(lián)手制♥作♥一個(gè)迷你獅身人面像team up to carve a mini-Sphinx.看看我們能在這里找到什么So let's see what we can find here.他們?cè)趯ふ襎hey search for limestone像獅身人面像頭部那樣堅(jiān)硬的石灰?guī)rthat's as hard as the layer in the Sphinx&

54、#39;s head.我想這里就是了I think we've got it right here.你能發(fā)現(xiàn)這塊石頭很堅(jiān)硬緊實(shí)What you can see is this one's nice and strong,跟頭部石料相似like the head.他們?cè)诟浇墒瘓?chǎng)找到了合適的石頭They find just the right stone in a nearby quarry.它非常重 也非常堅(jiān)硬It's extremely heavy and hard,也許 過(guò)于堅(jiān)硬了maybe too hard.理查德先生Mr. Richard?工具會(huì)被弄壞的My t

55、ools will be ruined!法特希擔(dān)心這塊堅(jiān)硬的石頭Fathi is worried that the hard rock 會(huì)毀了他的工具will ruin his tools.這是鋼制工具 但都被巖石撞彎了The tool is made of steel but the rock bent it!-巖石太硬了 -好了- The rock is very hard. - Ok.如果法特希用現(xiàn)代的鋼制工具If Fathi is having such a difficult time都這么困難using modern steel tools,古埃及人是如何用how did the

56、ancient Egyptians更原始的工具雕刻獅身人面像的呢carve the Sphinx with more primitive tools?答案遠(yuǎn)在世界的另一端The answer will come half a world away.里克 你好Hey, Rick,秋季的新英格蘭New England in the fall 和遙遠(yuǎn)沙漠中的埃及如出一轍is a far cry from Egypt in the desert.馬克·萊納前來(lái)請(qǐng)教里克·布朗Mark Lehner has come to consult with Rick Brown,一位古代器具方面的專(zhuān)家a specialist in ancient tools.根據(jù)在吉薩發(fā)現(xiàn)的銅制工具Based on ac