英語主謂一致

1、英語主謂一致（ 中點中學內部資料）主謂一致指句子的主語和謂語動詞在人稱和數(shù)的形式上的一致關系。這種一致關系通常牽涉到三個不同的基本原則：語法一致原則 句子主語和謂語動詞在單復數(shù)形式上保持一致。意義一致原則句子主語和謂語動詞的一致關系并非取決于主語的單復數(shù)形式， 而是取決于主語的單復數(shù)意義。就近原則當句子中有若干個并列主語出現(xiàn)，謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式由最靠近它的名詞決定。I.以-s結尾的名詞作主語時的主謂一致II. 集合名詞作主語時的主謂一致III. 并列結構作主語時的主謂一致IV. 表示數(shù)量的名詞短語作主語時的主謂一致V. 一些句型結構的主謂一致 （定語從句、存在句、強調句、名詞性從句、非謂語形

2、式作主語）VI. 其他結構中的主謂一致I.以-s結尾的名詞作主語時的主謂一致1 .以-s結尾的表示體育活動的名詞作主語2 .以-ics結尾的表示學科的名詞作主語3 .以-s結尾的地理名詞作主語4 .以-s結尾的由兩部分組成的名詞作主語5 .*以-ings結尾的動名詞作主語6 .其他以-s結尾的名詞II. 集合名詞作主語時的主謂一致集合名詞指的是同一類人或物的集合體，其中有的是復數(shù)含義，有的是不可數(shù)含義，有的根據(jù)不同的上下文，既可以有復數(shù)含義，也可以有單數(shù)含義。1. 通常用作復數(shù)的集合名詞這類名詞包括people, police, cattle, *poultry, *vermin 等。在它們之

3、后的謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。e.g. The police are in search of the murderer.Cattle provide us with milk and beef.People解釋為“民族”時為單數(shù)形式，復數(shù)時詞尾要 加 s。e.g. There are fifty-six peoples in China.2. 通常用作單數(shù)的集合名詞machinery, equipment, furniture, merchandise, foliage。 在它們之后的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。e.g. The merchandise has arrived earlier than e

4、xpected.All the machinery here is made in China.3. 既能作復數(shù)又能做單數(shù)的集合名詞這類名詞作主語時，謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式主要取決于集合名詞在上下文中的具體含義。當作主語的集合名詞強調的是一個整體或組織，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式當作主語的集合名詞強調的是整體中的個體或成員，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。這 類 詞 有 ： committee, council, association, board, government, family, audience, crowd, class, school, army, flock, herd, village 等。e

5、.g. A committee was asked to investigate the caseB（調委員會這一個整體）The committee is composed of quite a few experts and scholars. （強調委員會這個組織）The anti-crime committee meets in the town hall. （ 強調委員會這個組織 ）The committee are divided in opinion. （ 強調委員會中的每個委員 ）The committee are at dinner. （強調委員會中的每個委員）My famil

6、y is a big one. （ 強調家庭這一個整體）My family are all diligent workers. （強調家庭中的所有成員 ）The audience are raising their hands to show their approval. （謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式，與their 呼應，強調觀眾中的每個成員 ）The class consists of 45 students.強調班級這個整體）The class are unable to decide a monitor. 這里的（class強調班級中的每一個成員 ）The herd of cows and c

7、alves is the healthiest the farm has hard. （強調牛群這一整體）The herd of cows and calves are moving towards the barn. （強調牛群中的每一個個體）The village were all against the project. （強調村莊里的村民們 ）4. 其他：當主語是由 a committee/ board/ panel of 構成的短語， 謂 語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式。e.g. A committee of three professors is to decide whether he c

8、an get the degree.A panel of four has been chosen to judge the competition. The board of directions is in charge of the management of the company.III. 并列結構作主語時的主謂一致1 .用and或bothand連接的并列主語當and或bothand連接的并列主語表示的是兩個或兩個以上的人或物，謂語動詞通常用復數(shù)形式；若所指的只是一個人或物，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式。e.g. Blue and yellow make green.You and I a

9、re good friends.The great scholar and poet is now dead.The great scholar and the poet are now deadThe hammer and sickle was flying from a tall flagpole.Reading and solving equation are entirely different assignments.Egg and milk is a good breakfast. 這里的雞蛋和牛奶都（指一頓早飯，不可分割 ）Bread and butter is nutritio

10、us. （涂有黃油的面包）The candlestick and candle sells for two pounds.即使并列主語的中心詞是單數(shù)，如果表示的意義是復數(shù)，仍應用動詞復數(shù)。e.g. Secondary and higher education have been made available in this newly-developed area.What I say and think are no business of you.當 and連接的并歹U名詞帶有 each, every或者 many a等 限定詞時，隨后的動詞常用單數(shù)形式。e.g. Many a man a

11、nd woman in this community finds himself or herself in need.Every boy and girl in the class is given a copy of the photo.2 .用 or, eitheror ，neither nor ，以及 not onlybut also等連接的并列主語通常采用就近原則。e.g. My father or my mother is likely to be at home.Either you or he is to blame.Either my father or my mother

12、is coming.Not only Mary but also her brothers were asked to sing some songs.Neither Bill nor his friends were confident of victory.Neither he nor I know the truth.IV表示數(shù)量的名詞短語作主語1 .表示不定數(shù)量的名詞短語作主語some (of), a lot (of), lots (of), plenty (of), all (of), half (of), the rest (of), the remainder (of), mos

13、t (of), none (of), heaps, loads of, nco我們經常根據(jù)意義一致的原則決定謂語動詞的形式。如果這些短語與可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)連用，謂語動詞就用復數(shù)如果這些短語與不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)連用，謂語 動詞就用單數(shù)。如果這些數(shù)量詞后面的名詞省略了，我們要根據(jù)其意義判定謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式。e.g. Some (of the desks) are broken.Some (of the furniture) is broken.The rest of us are to continue the work.The rest of the money is stolen.Lot

14、s of students want to have a try.Lots of time has been wasted.Half of the lectures deal with the issue of birth control.Half of the lecture deals with the issue of birth control.Most of the students are hard working.Most of it is damaged.No one shows up.No two think alike.如果主語是“分數(shù)/百分數(shù)+of+名詞”，謂語動詞的形

15、式也取決于中心名詞的單復數(shù)形式。e.g. Two thirds of the city was destroyed in the war.Thirty-five percent of the doctors were female.a number of +名詞復數(shù) 表示“許多，謂語動詞用 復數(shù)形式。the number of +名詞 表示".的數(shù)目"，謂語動詞用 單數(shù)形式。e.g. A great number of students have entred for the sports meeting.The number of students has doubled

16、 in two years.2 .表示時間和度量的名詞短語通常作為一個整體看待，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式e.g. Twenty minutes is too long to wait.Fifty pounds was paid for the coat.Five days is needed to finish the repair work.如果此類名詞短語強調的是其中的每個個體，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。e.g. There are six silver dollars in each of the pockets.3 . 如果做主語的名詞短語由“ a portion of, a series of,

17、 a pile of, a panel of, a kind of, a sort of, a type of, this kind/sort/type of ”構成，無論中心名詞的形式如何，謂語動詞的形式通常都是單數(shù)。e.g. There is a kind of rose in the garden.This kind of peach is very juicy.This kind of strawberries is highly priced.但是如果名詞短語的結構為“復數(shù)名詞 + of this kind ” ， 謂語動詞用復數(shù)。e.g. Peaches of this kind

18、are juicy.如果做主語的名詞短語的形式為“ these/thosekind of + 復數(shù)名詞” ,謂語動詞用復數(shù)。e.g. These kind of peaches are very juicy4 .在“one in/ out of +復數(shù)名詞”這一結構后，謂語動詞一般為單數(shù)形式。e.g. One in ten students has failed the exam.One out of twenty was badly hurt.5 . 由“ many a + 單數(shù)名詞”或者“ more than one + 單 數(shù)名詞”組成的名詞短語雖然在意義上是復數(shù)，但習慣上謂語動詞用單數(shù)

19、。e.g. Many a way has been tried.More than one game was lostMore than one person has tried to open the door.6 . 在由 an average of, a majority of 構成的短語中，若中心詞是average和majority,動詞用單數(shù)；若中心詞是他們后面的復數(shù)名詞，動詞用復數(shù)。e.g. An average of 25 persons apply each month.An average of 25 applications a month isn t unusual.A

20、majority of the town s younger men are moving to the city.A majority of three votes to one was recorded.V. 一些句型結構中的主調一致1. 定語從句中的主謂一致在"one of +復數(shù)名詞+定語從句"結構中，如果 關系代詞在定語從句中做主語，定語從句中的謂語通常 用復數(shù)形式。e.g. This is one of the best films, which have appeared in a long time.在 “the only one of或者 the one

21、of + 復數(shù)名詞 + 定 語從句”結構中，如果關系代詞在定語從句中做主語， 定語從句的動詞用單數(shù)形式。e.g. This is the only one of the best films that has pleased me.He is the only one of those boys who is willing to accept the task.2. 存在句中的主謂一致存在句中謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式由靠近它的名詞決定。e.g. There is more grace and less carelessness.There is one pencil-box and three

22、boxes in the bag.3. 強調句中的主謂一致4. 名詞性從句中的主謂一致5. 非謂語形式做主語的主謂一致VI. 其他結構中的主謂一致1. 主語有肯定和否定組合而成時， 謂語動詞與肯定主語一致。e.g. Not you but I am to blame.1, not you, am to blameNot he but you are to be fired.You, not he, are to be fired.2. 請注意以下例中動詞的單復數(shù)形式Some of the clerks as much as the manager were responsible for th

23、e loss.He rather than his parents is to blame.My wife, more than anyone else in the family, is anxious to go to the party.The manager with some clerks was working during the whole holidays.The father as well as his children is going to register. Bill together with his sisters was hurt in the acciden

24、t. The truck along with all its goods was destroyed. The barn, in addition to the house, was burned.No one except two boys was late for dinner.主謂一致Choose the right form of the verb to fill in the blanks1. Our school, as well, as the hospital nearby, (was / were) built in the 1930s.2. Nobody (wants/

25、want) to see that horriblemoves.3. What I say and think (is/ are) no business ofyours.4. Many a man (has/ have) come to help us.5. Two weeks (is/ are) enough for us to finishthe project.6. Plenty of fruits, milk and vegetables (is needed/ are needed) for health.7. He is one of the speakers who (make

26、shis/ make their) ideas easily understood.8. Ms. Charney is the only one of the teachers who (has/ have) got the new idea.9. The number of people invited (was/ were)fifty, but a number of them (was/ were) absentfor various reasons.10. A number of soldiers (has/ have) gatheredat the camp gate.11. We

27、each (has/ have) been given a gift.12. Each of us (has/ have) been given a gift.13. In the living room (is found/ are found) alarge sofa and a book shelf.14. Not only I but also Tom and Tiffany (is/are) fond of skiing.15. What he will do (has/ have) nothing to dowith me.16. Neither Bill nor his pare

28、nts (is/are )surprised at the news.17. Every means (has been tried/ have been tried) but without much result.18. Politics (is/ are) too complicated toanalyse.19. The Philippines (lies/ lie) to thesouth-east of China.20. Enough of the data (has/ have) beencollected.21. Two-thirds of the crop (was rui

29、ned/ wereruined) in the flood.22. I have been working for the company for a year already. However, none of the money (was passed/were passed) to me.23. More than one girl (was/ were) missing inthis district last week.24. The number of teachers (is/ are)never under 100 in this school.25. Not only he

30、but also I (am/ is/ are) toanswer for the accident.26. All but one (was/ were) here just now.27. Jack as well as his two friends (is/ are)worth teaching.28. Writing stories and articles (is/are) whatmy father enjoys most.29. Her family (is/are) quite well except that heruncle has been ill.30. Many a

31、 man and many a woman (wishes/wish) that he or she had had better education.31. Every policeman and fireman (was/ were)on alert.32. This glass works (was/were) put up in1990.33. Neither the magazines nor this book (is/are)allowed to be taken out of the reading-room.34. Dr. Hendrik, together with his

32、 wife and daughters, (is/are) to arrive on the evening flight.35. Every book except these two (has/ have)been sold.36. Everybody, men and women, old and young, (enjoys/ enjoy) sports and games.37. Not only you but also Tom (has/ have)made such a mistake.38. The surroundings of his house (is/ are)far

33、 from clean.39. One pair of scissors (is/ are) not enoughfor the work.40. Lots of rubbish (is/are) thrown away everyday.41. The majority of doctors (believes/ believe)smoking is harmful to health.42. Thirty-five hundred dollars (was/ were)spent in a single night, which (was/ were)unbelievable.43. Th

34、e scientist and professor (is/are) to attendour meeting.44. The police (is/are) searching everybody atthe gate.45. Three fourths of the surface of the lake (is/are) covered with ice the next morning.46. Of the new students, sixty percent (is/are)girls.47. (Is/Are) thirty five minutes enough for yout

35、o get there?48. All that can be done (has/have) been done.49. Anyway, it is you who (has/have) the rightto decide.50. Jane is the only one of the few girls that (speaks/ speak) Chinese well.51. Seventy percent of the students here (is/are) from the countryside.52. Three-fourths of the homework (has/

36、have) been finished today.53. Only one third of the desks in the school (has/have) been repaired.54. The total number of the population in China (was/were) 1,100 million on April 14, 1989.55. More than 60 percent of world sprogrammes (is/are) in English.56. Those who (has/have) not handed in theirco

37、mpositions, please hand them in this afternoon.57. Jane is one of the best students in her class who (is/are) praised by their teacher.58. The whole class (is/are) listening toteacher attentively.59. The subject of physics (has/ have) always interested him.60. The United States of America (is/are) o

38、ne ofthe most developed countries in the world.61. In winter wet clothes (is/are) often hungup near a fire.62. Nobody (is/are) allowed to smoke in thecinema.63. The rest of the magazines (was/ were) soldout within half an hour.64. A large number of the students in our class (is/are) girls.65. The nu

39、mber of students of this school (is/are) not large.66. The League secretary and monitor (was/were) asked to make a speech at the meeting.67. Mary as well as her sisters (studies/study)Chinese in China.68. I, who (am/is/are) your teacher, will try mybest to help you with your study.69. The rich (is/a

40、re) not always happy.70. John has two brothers, but either (is/are) out of work now.71. The police (was/were) searching for themurderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.72. About 40 percent of the population of that country (lives/live) on farm.73. Apples of this kind (tastes/taste)

41、 good.74. Your trousers (is/are) dirty. You must havethem washed.75. The Olympic Games (is/are) held everyfour years.76. Many a man (has/have) come to help us.77. No one but her parents (knows/know) it.78. He is the only one of the students who (is/are) elected.79. No girl and no boy (is/are) fond o

42、f such adangerous game.80. The results of the examination (shows/show) that you have all made a great progress.81. Two yuan (is/are) a reasonableprice for thisbook.82. Each of you (is/are) responsible for theaccident.83. You and I (am/is/are) of the same age.84. The manager, as well as his advisers,

43、 (hasagreed/ have agreed) to attend the world fair.85. We have sold many computers of this kind and the rest (is/are) still on sale.86. There (is/are) two cans of oil in the corner ofthe room.87. Several girls (is/are) going to visit theMuseum.88. This kind of apples (is/are) highlypriced.89. One ou

44、t of them (is/are) badly damaged.90. Mr. Smith, and not I, (am/is/are) chosen to berepresentative.91. Nobody but Jack and John (was/were) inthe lab yesterday.92. Both bread and butter (was/ were) sold outin that shop93. Bread and butter (is/are) what they usually have for breakfast.94. At the bus st

45、op (was/were) a soldier andtwo young women on their way to North Carblina.歷年高考題1. Not only I but also Jane and Mary tired ofhaving one examination after another.A. is B. are C. am D. be2. A library with five thousand books to thenation as a gift.A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have of

46、fered3. When and where to build the new factory yet.A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided4. The number of people invited fifty , but anumber of them absent for different reasons.A. were, was B. was, was, C. was, were D. were, were5. Either you or the headmaster

47、the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting.A. is handing out B. are to hand out C. are handing out D.is to hand out6. Email, as well as telephones, an important partin daily communication.A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play7. Every possible means to prevent the airpollution,

48、but the sky is still not clear.A. is used B. are used C. has been used D. have been used8. of the land in that district coveredwith trees and grass.A. Two fifth, is B. Two fifth, are C. Two fifths, is D. Two fifths, are9. As a result of destroying the forest, a large of desert covered the land.A. number, has B. quantity, has C. number, have D. quantity, have10. He is the only one of the students