口腔專業(yè)英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)題

1、口腔專業(yè)英語(yǔ)考試一 英漢互譯（20分）1牙槽骨2 local anesthesia 3 caries 4 根尖感染5 gingivitis 6 pericoronitis 7 髓角8顳頜關(guān)節(jié)9 leukoplakia 10骨結(jié)合 11 fibroosseous integration12 根管治療13菌斑14 drug-induced gingivitis 15咬合16 osteomyelitis of the jaws 17 ameloblastoma 18 palpation 19汞合金 20可復(fù)性牙髓炎二 閱讀理解（40分）A Gay BiologistMolecular biologi

2、st Dean Hammer has blue eyes, light brown hair and a good sense of humor. He smokes cigarettes, spends long hours in an old laboratory at the US National Institute of Health, and in his free time climbs up cliffs and points his skis down steep slopes. He also happens to be openly, matter-of-factly g

3、ay.What is it that makes Hammer who he is? What, for that matter, accounts for the talents and traits that make up anyone's personality? Hammer is not content merely to ask such questions; he is trying to answer them as well. A pioneer in the field of molecular psychology, Hammer is exploring th

4、e role genes play in governing the very core of our individuality. To a remarkable extent, his work on what might be called the gay, thrill-seeking and quit-smoking genes reflects how own genetic predispositions.That work, which has appeared mostly in scientific journals, has been gathered into an a

5、ccessible and quite readable form in Hammer's creative new book, living with Our Genes. "You have about as much choice in some aspect of your personality." Hammer and co-author Peter Copeland write in the introductory chapter, "As you do in the shape of your nose or the size of yo

6、ur feet."Until recently, research into behavioral genetics was dominated by psychiatrists and psychologists, who based their most compelling conclusions about the importance of genes on studies of identical twins. For example, psychologist Michael Bailey of Northwestern University famously demo

7、nstrated that if one identical twin is gay, there is about a 50% likelihood that the other will be too. Seven years ago, Hammer picked up where the twin studies left off, homing in on specific strips of DNA that appear to influence everything from mood to sexual orientation.Hammer switched to behavi

8、oral genetics from basic research, after receiving his doctorate from Harvard, he spent more than a decade studying the biochemistry of a protein that cells use to metabolize heavy metals like copper and zinc. As he was about to turn 40, however, Hammer suddenly realized he had learned as much about

9、 the protein as he cared to. "Frankly, I was bored, "he remembers, "and ready for something new."Homosexual behavior, in particular, seemed ripe for exploration because few scientists had dared tackle such an emotionally and politically charged subject. "I'm gay," H

10、ammer says with a shrug, "but that was not a major motivation. It was more of a question of intellectual curiosity-and the fact that no one else was doing this sort of research"1. The first paragraph describes Hammer's ( )A. looks, hobbies and characterB. viewpoint on homosexualityC. u

11、nique life-styleD. scientific research work2. Hammer was a ( ) A. psychiatristB. physiologistC. chemistD. biologist3. What is Hammer doing now? ( ) A. He is exploring the role of genes in deciding one's intelligence.B. He is exploring the role of genes in deciding one's personality.C. He is

12、writing a book entitled "Live with Our Genes."D. He is trying to answer some questions on a test paper.4. What happened to Hammer's research interest? ( ) A. He turned to basic research.B. He sticked to basic research.C. He turned to behavioral genetics.D. He sticked to behavioral gene

13、tics.5. According to Hammer, what was one of the main reasons for him to choose homosexual behavior as his research subject? ( ) A. He is a gay and he wants to cure himself.B. He was curious about it as a scientist.C. He was curious about it like everyone else.D. It is a subject that can lead to pol

14、itical success.Silent and DeadlyTransient ischemic attacks（TIAS）, or mini-strokes, result from temporary interruptions of blood flow to the brain. Unlike full strokes, they present symptoms lasting anywhere from a few seconds to 24 hours. Rarely do they cause permanent neurological damage, but they

15、are often precursors of a major stroke."Our message is quite clear," says Dr. Robert Adams, professor of neurology at the Medical College of Georgia in August. "TIAS，while less severe than strokes in the short term, are quite dangerous and need a quick diagnosis and treatment as well

16、as appropriate follow-up to prevent future injury."Unfortunately, mini-strokes are greatly under diagnosed. A study conducted for the National Stroke Association indicates that 2.5% of all adults aged 18 or older（about 4.9 million people in the U. S. ）have experienced a confirmed TI A. An addit

17、ional 1.2 million Americans over the age of 45, the study showed, have most likely suffered a mini-stroke without realizing it. These findings suggest that if the public knew how to spot the symptoms of stroke, especially mini-strokes, and sought prompt medical treatment, thousands of lives could be

18、 saved and major disability could be avoided.The problem is that the symptoms of a mini-stroke are often subtle and passing. Nonetheless, there are signs you can look out for:*Numbness or weakness in the face, arm or leg, especially on one side of the body.*Trouble seeing in one or both eyes.*Confus

19、ion and difficulty speaking or understanding.*Difficulty walking, dizziness or loss of coordination.*Severe headache with no known cause.Along with these symptoms, researchers have identified some key indicators that increase your chances of having a full-blown stroke after a TIA: if you're over

20、 60, have experienced symptoms lasting longer than 10 minutes, feel weak and have a history of diabetes.As with many diseases, you can help yourself by changing your lifestyle. The first things you should do are quit smoking, limit your intake of alcohol to no more than a drink or two a day and incr

21、ease your physical activity. Even those who suffer from high blood pressure or diabetes can improve their odds-and minimize complications if they do have a stroke-by keeping their illness under control.If you experience any of the symptoms, your first call should be to your doctor. It could be the c

22、all that saves your life.6. Which of the following is NOT true of mini-strokes? ( )A. The cause of them remains unidentified.B. They seldom cause permanent neurological damage.C. They symptoms of them are often passing.D. They are not unrelated to major strokes.7. To prevent mini-strokes from turnin

23、g into major strokes, it is important to ( )A. saves thousands of lives.B. avoids major disability.C. seeks prompt medical treatment.D. prevents future injury.8. The passage indicates that the symptoms of mini-strokes ( ) A. are always easy to spot.B. are frequently hard to recognize.C. usually last

24、 a couple of days.D. can by no means be avoided.9. All of the following may be signs of mini-strokes EXCEPT for ( ) A. trouble seeing in one eyeB. numbness in the faceC. loss of coordinationD. severe headache caused by external injury.10. It can be inferred from the passage that mini-strokes are ( )

25、 A. more dangerous than major strokesB. silent and deadlyC. difficult to cureD. sure to lead to major strokesA New FindingBritish cancer researchers have found that childhood leukaemia is caused by an infection and clusters of cases around industrial sites are the result of population mixing that in

26、creases exposure. The research published in the British Journal of Cancer backs up a 1988 theory that some as yet unidentified infection caused leukaemia-not the environmental factors widely blamed for the disease."Childhood leukaemia appears to be an unusual result of a common infection,"

27、 said Sir Richard Doll, an internationally-known cancer expert who first linked tobacco with lung cancer in 1950. "A virus is the most likely explanation. You would get an increased risk of it if you suddenly put a lot of people from large towns in a rural area, where you might have peopie who

28、had not been exposed to the infection." Doll was commenting on the new findings by researchers at Newcastle University, which focused on a cluster of leukaemia cases around the Sellafield nuclear reprocessing plant in Cumbria in northern England. Scientists have been trying to establish why the

29、re was more leukaemia in children around the Sellafield area, but have failed to establish a link with radiation or pollution. The Newcastle University research by Heather Dickinson and Louise Parker showed the cluster of cases could have been predicted because of the amount of population mixing goi

30、ng on in the area, as large numbers of con- struction workers and nuclear staff moved into a rural setting. "Our study shows that population mixing can account for the, (Sellafield) leukaemia cluster and that all children, whether their parents are incomers or locals, are at a higher risk if th

31、ey are born in an area of high population mixing," Dickinson said in a statement issued by the Cancer Research Campaign, which publishes the British Journal of Cancer.Their paper adds crucial weight to the l988 theory put forward by Leo Kinlen, a cancer epidemiologist at Oxford University, who

32、said that exposure to a common unidentified infection through population mixing resulted in the disease.11 Who first hinted at the possible cause of childhood leukaemia by infection? ( ) A Leo Kinlen. B Richard Doll. C Louise Parker. D Heather Dickinson12 which statement can be supported by Heather

33、Dickinson and Louise Parker's new findings?( ) A Radiation has contributed to the disease.B Putting a lot of people from rural area in a large towns increases the risk of childhood leukaemiaC Population mixing is the most important reason for leukaemia clusterD Childhood leukaemia is caused by a

34、n unusual infection. 13 According to the passage, which of the following is true? ( ) A Most people believe childhood leukaemia is due to environmental factors. B Population mixing best explains the cause of childhood leukaemia. C Radiation has nothing to do with childhood leukaemia. D Children born

35、 in a large town are at higher risk of leukaemia.14 Cancer Research Campaign is most possibly a ( ) A medical journal B research institute C private company D governmental agency15 This passage is mainly about ( ) A the cluster of leukaemia eases around the Sellafield nuclear reprocessing part B the

36、 kind of infection that causes childhood leukaemia C the causes of childhood leukaemia D a new finding by British scientistsMobile Phone and DiseasesA study by scientists in Finland has found that mobile phone radiation can cause changes in human cells that might affect the brain, the leader of the

37、research team said.But Darius Leszczynski, who headed the 2-year study and will present findings next week at a conference in Quebec(魁北克), said more research was needed to determine the serious-ness of the changes and their impact on the brain or the body.The study at Finland's Radiation and Nuc

38、lear Safety Authority found that exposure to radiation from mobile phones can cause increased activity in hundreds of proteins in human cells grown in a laboratory, he said."We know that there is some biological response. We can detect it with our very sensitive approaches, but we do not know w

39、hether it can have any physiological effects on the human brain or human body," Leszczynski said.Nonetheless the study, the initial findings of which were published last month in the scientific journal Differentiation, raises new questions about whether mobile phone radiation can weaken the bra

40、in's protective shield against harmful substances.The study focused on changes in cells that line blood vessels and on whether such changes could weaken the functioning of the blood-brain barrier, which prevents potentially harmful substances from entering the brain from the bloodstream. Leszczy

41、nski said.The study found that a protein called hsp27 linked to the functioning of the blood-brain barrier showed increased activity due to irradiation and pointed to a possibility that such activity could make the shield more permeable(能透過(guò)的), he said."Increased protein activity might cause cei

42、ls to shrink-not the blood |vessels hut the cells themselves-and then tiny gaps could appear between those cells through which some molecules could pass." he said.Leszezynski declined to speculate on what kind of health risks that could pose, but said a French study indicated that headache, fat

43、igue and sleep disorders could result."These are not life-threatening problems but can cause a lot of discomfort," he said, adding that a Swedish group had also suggested a possible link with Alzheimer's disease."Where the truth is do not know," he said.Leszczynski said that

44、he, his wife and children use mobile phones, and he said that he did not think his study suggested any need for new restrictions on mobile phone use.16 According to Leszczynski, how does mobile phone affect one's health? ( )A Mobile phone radiation can increase protein activities and such activi

45、ties can make the protective shield more permeable.B Mobile phone radiation can shrink the blood vessels and prevent blood from flowing smoothly.C Mobile phone radiation will bring stress to people exposed to it.D Mobile phone radiation kills blood cells at a rapid speed.17 What's the result of

46、the French study? ( )A The harm of mobile phone radiation is life-threatening.B Mobile phone may affect one's normal way of thinking.C Sleep disorders could result from mobile phone radiation.D A protein called hsp27 is killed by mobile phone radiation.18 What kind of disease is not caused by the use of mobile phone? ( )A FatigueB HeadacheC Alzheimer's diseaseD Tuberculosis19 According to the passage, what would be the future of the use of mobile phone? ( )A People will be forbidden to use mobile phone.B People dare not use mobile phone because of its radiat