九年級英語復(fù)習(xí)動詞的時態(tài)人教朗文版知識精講

1、九年級九年級英語英語復(fù)習(xí)動詞的時態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)動詞的時態(tài)人教朗文版人教朗文版【同步教育信息同步教育信息】一. 本周教學(xué)內(nèi)容： 復(fù)習(xí)動詞的時態(tài) 什么是動詞？表示動作或狀態(tài)的詞叫動詞。表示動作的有：speak, go, come 等等，表示狀態(tài)的有：be, have 等等。 英語動詞在時態(tài)中，語態(tài)中和語氣等等當(dāng)中都有所變化。 動詞可以分為以下幾個種類： 行為動詞： 含有實(shí)在的意義，能表示動作或狀態(tài)，在句子中能夠獨(dú)立作謂語。 e.g. Mary is reading a book. （表示動作） I am a teacher. （表示狀態(tài)） 及物動詞： vt. 及物動詞的后面必須加賓語句子意義才完整。 e.

2、g. You watch TV on Saturday. vt. +O 不及物動詞： vi. 不及物動詞的后面不可以直接跟賓語，沒有被動語態(tài)，如果要接賓語，必須加介詞。 e.g. She speaks loudly. （vi.） Look at the blackboard. （加了介詞 at 才能跟賓語 blackboard） 連系動詞： 我們常把連系動詞稱為系動詞，在句子中作謂語，但是后面要接表語。這類詞有：be, become, get, look, turn 等等。 e.g. You are a student. Its getting hotter. Her face turned

3、red when she heard the news. He looks strong. 助動詞：助動詞本身是沒有意義的，它不能單獨(dú)作謂語，只能和主要動詞一起構(gòu)成各種時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣來表示否定、疑問等等。 e.g. Does your mother go to work at seven every day? They didnt watch the football match last Sunday. The students have learned a lot of knowledge. How soon will the teacher finish going over the

4、exam papers? 情態(tài)動詞：情態(tài)動詞有 can, could, may, might, must, should, need 等表示能力、義務(wù)、必要、猜測等說話能力的語氣或情態(tài)。情態(tài)動詞只能與原形動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語動詞，不可以單獨(dú)作謂語。 e.g. Can you dance? Could you please tell me your name? You neednt hand in your homework now. You may hand in it tomorrow. We must speak politely to the old. 動詞都有哪些基本形式呢？ 動詞有 5

5、種形式：原形、第三人稱單數(shù)形式、過去式、過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞最常用的形式。當(dāng)然動詞還有其它的形式。這幾種形式和助動詞一起構(gòu)成了動詞的時態(tài)，語態(tài)和語氣。在英語中有十大詞類，而動詞的變化是最多的。 1. 動詞的過去式和過去分詞可以分為規(guī)則和不規(guī)則的兩種形式，規(guī)則動詞的過去式和過去分詞是在后面加 ed 構(gòu)成 構(gòu)成規(guī)則一般在動詞末尾加ed，在清輔音后面念tworklookworkedlookedworkedlooked以不發(fā)音的 e 結(jié)尾的動詞加 d，在濁輔音和元音后面念dmoveliveusedmovedlivedusedmovedlivedused以輔音字母y 結(jié)尾的動詞，去 y 改為 i，加 ed

6、worrystudyworriedstudiedworriedstudied重讀閉音節(jié)，末尾只有一個輔音字母的動詞，雙寫最后一個字母，再加 ed，在t,d后念idplanstopnodwantneedplannedstoppednoddedwantedneededplannedstoppednoddedwantedneeded 熟記不規(guī)則動詞的過去式和過去分詞，在練習(xí)中掌握。不規(guī)則動詞表在初三全一冊P255-P257 上。 2. 動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式，是用于一般現(xiàn)在時，當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時。 規(guī)則： 一般動詞在詞尾加 s，在清輔音后讀s，在濁輔音后或元音后讀z，在 t 后讀ts，在 d 后

7、讀dz e.g. helpshelpsasksa:sksmakesmeiks swimswimzleavesli:vzplaypleiz getsgetsridesraidzrisesraisiz 以字母 s，x，ch，sh 結(jié)尾的動詞加-es，讀iz，如果動詞原形詞尾有 e，則加 s，以o 結(jié)尾的動詞也加 es，讀z e.g. teachteachesguessguesses closeclosesgogoes washwashesfixfixes 以輔音字母加 y 結(jié)尾的動詞，去 y 改為 i，再加 es，讀z e.g. flyfliestrytries carrycarries worr

8、yworries 3. 動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成 一般在動詞原形后面直接加 ing e.g. gogoingstudystudyingplayplaying 以不發(fā)音的 e 結(jié)尾的動詞，去掉 e，再加 ing. e.g. writewritingloselosingcloseclosing 重讀閉音節(jié)，最后只有一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的動詞，雙寫最后一個字母，再加 ing. e.g. setsettingbeginbeginning sitsittinggetgetting 個別動詞的變化為： diedyingtietyinglielying 死捆、系躺、說謊 4. 動詞的時態(tài) 熟練掌握初中階段學(xué)習(xí)過的一

9、般現(xiàn)在時，一般過去時，一般將來時，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成和用法，及有關(guān)術(shù)語。 一般現(xiàn)在時 （1）表示經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或現(xiàn)有的狀態(tài)，主語的特征，能力等。 e.g. I often go to school early. She is a doctor. John likes movies. （2）表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理。 e.g. The earth moves around the sun. Three and three are six. （3）在時間、條件等狀語從句中一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來的動作。 e.g. He will telephone me as soon as he gets

10、 to London. Well have a picnic if it is fine next Sunday. Dont move until mother comes back. （4）用于一般現(xiàn)在時，表示按時間、時刻表，按計(jì)劃安排好的動作，表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動詞。 e.g. The plane takes off at 3:00 in the afternoon. 飛機(jī)下午 3 點(diǎn)起飛。 Class begins at eight. 八點(diǎn)開始上課。 （5）在賓語從句或間接引語中，雖然主句是一般過去時態(tài)，但是從句部分如果是客觀真理，謂語動詞仍然要用一般現(xiàn)在時，不能隨著主句而改變時態(tài)。 e.g

11、. The teacher told the students that the earth goes around the sun. He said the moon is smaller than the sun because its for away from us. 請記住一般現(xiàn)在時謂語動詞在句子中的變化。 動詞 be 肯定句否定句疑問句及簡略回答 I am Im not Are you ? Yes, I am. No, Im not. YouWeTheyareYouWeTheyarentAreyouwethey?Yes, we / you / they are.No, we / y

12、ou / they arent. HeSheItisHeSheItisntIsheshe?itYes,he / she / it is. No,he / she / it isnt. 行為動詞以 speak 為例： 肯定句否定句 I speak EnglishI dont （do not）speak English. YouYou TheyThey WeWe 主語動詞第三人稱單數(shù)主語doesnt +動詞原形 HeShespeaks English.HeShedoesnt speak English. 疑問句及簡略回答 Do you speak English? Does he / she /

13、it speak English? Yes, I do. / we do. Yes, he /she / it does. No, I dont （do not）No, he / she / it does not （doesnt） No, we dont. （do not）Do they speak English? Yes, they do. No, they do not. （dont） 如何注意正確判斷一般現(xiàn)在時呢？ 1. 表示經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作才能用一般現(xiàn)在時，句子中有 always, often, usually, sometimes 等頻度副詞，或者時間狀語 every day,

14、 in the morning 等等。 e.g. Do you often wash your hair? Yes, I do. Jim sometimes swims in the lake. What does your mother usually do on Sunday? Our teacher always helps us in her spare time. The students come to school early every Monday. 2. 表示現(xiàn)狀或現(xiàn)在的感覺的詞。 e.g. Mr Pope is a farmer. （表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)） John loves

15、 his parents very much. （表示感覺） I like studying languages. Do you want to have a drink? We hope to go abroad. 切記： 行為動詞的否定：助動詞 dont +動詞原形 疑問：助動詞 Do +主語動詞原形？ 當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時， 否定助動詞以 doesnt +動詞原形 疑問句 助動詞 Does 主語動詞原形？ 寫出下列句子的否定句： 1. Lucy and Lily go to school five days a week. 2. They have many postcards. 3.

16、 Wei Fang has breakfast at school. 4. The shop sells expensive but nice things. 5. She does her homework carefully. 6. The twins are good at maths. 7. Susan dresses quickly every morning. 8. He watches TV in the evening. Key: 1. Lucy and Lily dont go to school five days a week. 2. They dont have man

17、y postcards. 3. Wei Fang doesnt have breakfast at school. 4. The shop doesnt sell expensive but nice things. 5. She doesnt do her homework carefully. 6. The twins arent good at maths. 7. Susan doesnt dress quickly every morning. 8. He doesnt watch TV in the evening. 將下列句子改成疑問句并作肯定和否定回答。 1. I live in

18、 Beijing. 2. My mother works in a university. 3. He spends much time on English. 4. Joe comes from Australia. 5. They have a lot of work to do these days. Key: 1. Do you live in Beijing? Yes, I do. No, I dont. 2. Does your mother work in a university? Yes, she does. No, she doesnt. 3. Does he spend

19、much time on English？ Yes, he does. No, he doesnt. 4. Does Joe come from Australia? Yes, he does. No, he doesnt. 5. Do they have a lot of work to do these days? Yes, they do. No, they dont. 用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空： 1. Sara usually _ （help）mum when she _ （come）home early. 2. The bird often _ （fly）to the tree an

20、d _ （sing）happily. 3. _ you _ （brush）your shoes in your spare time? 4. Please stay here till we _ （come）back. 5. What will you do if Mr Li _ （not finish）the papers in time? 6. _ （not touch）the things on show. 7. Father said the sun _ （rise）in the east. 8. Look, here _ （come）the teacher. 9. Please _

21、（remember）to call me as soon as you _ （get）to New York. 10. We _ （not think）you _ （be）right. Key: 1. helps, comes2. flies, sings3. Do, brush 4. come5. doesnt finish6. Dont touch 7. rises8. comes9. remember, get 10. dont think, are 【模擬試題模擬試題】I. 單項(xiàng)選擇： 1. Li Lin _ his homework in the morning. He _ Engl

22、ish. A. isnt do, reads B. not does, read C. doesnt do, reads D. doesnt do, read 2. What time _ she often _ home? A. is, getB. do, getC. does, getD. does, gets 3. _ you know the boy? _ boy? A. Are, whichB. Do, which C. Do, whatD. Does, which 4. Look, the boat _ a chicken. A. likesB. looks like C. loo

23、k likeD. is look 5. Please _ your eyes closed before I _ you the present. A. keep, giveB. keep, will give C. keep, givesD. keep, giving 6. _ you _ on the first floor? Yes, I do. A. Are, liveB. Have, lived C. Are, livingD. Do, live 7. If you _ polluting the water, more people will die of illness. A.

24、arent stopB. dont stop C. will not stopD. not stop 8. Zhou will fail in the exam if he _ work hard. A. will notB. is not C. doesntD. dont 9. How _ you _ the film? Oh, wonderful! A. do, likeB. are, liking C. are, likeD. does, like 10. What _ you see in the sky at night in summer when it _ fine? A. do

25、, will beB. are, is C. can, is D. can, will be II. 根據(jù)句意用方框內(nèi)所給詞組的適當(dāng)形式填空：ringup, know, catch, as soon as possible, take, run 1. They _ part in the sports meeting tomorrow. 2. Look! Jenny _ fast. 3. The thief _ last night. 4. Were good friends. I _ him for three years. 5. If you need help, please _ me

26、_. 6. I hope you can come to see me _. III. 補(bǔ)全對話： A: Good morning. B: Good morning, Sit down, please. 1 ? A: Im Emily. B: 2 . A: I felt weak and sick yesterday. B: 3 . A: Yes, I coughed the whole night. B: Have you taken your temperature? A: 4 . B: Let me take your temperature, Oh, it is serious. Yo

27、uve got a fever. A: 5 B: You must take some medicine. A: 6 . B: Twice a day. Youd better drink plenty of water and stay in bed. 7 . A: Thank you very much. IV. 根據(jù)中文提示和英文詞語完成句子： 1. 她不知道她媽媽為什么生她的氣。 She didnt know _. 2. 他們喜歡住在北京。 They are enjoying _. 3. 住在城里與住在農(nóng)村不同。 Living in the city _. 4. 春天來了，天氣越來越暖

28、和。 When spring comes, the weather gets _. 5. 我們請他為我們唱一支歌。 We asked him _. 6. 我想知道他是否收到了大衛(wèi)的信。 I want to know _ David. V. 完形填空： Birthdays are joyful days for everyone. People all over the world celebrate birthdays 1 various traditional ways. In China the special birthday food is long noodles, a symbol

29、 of long 2 . In Iceland, pancakes with candles rolled inside them are served on birthday. In Greece and Rome people 3 dotting （to place here and there）birthday cakes with lighted candles. They believe that 4 are be carried to the gods on rising flames. In Mexico, birthday greetings and held as early

30、 in the day 5 . The birthday person is a waken at midnight by friends 6 birthday songs. In Thailand, two long candles are lighted the night before a birthday. Another Thai custom is 7 living fish and birds. The birthday person frees the animals, 8 they believe will bring good 9 . In Britain, a birth

31、day is an 10 celebration. In Nigeria people dont celebrate individual birthdays, 11 , everyone in a certain age group celebrates together 12 a certain day. Today birthday customs are 13 in many countries. Old customs are giving way to western style of birthday celebrations 14 candle-topped cakes are

32、 served. 15 different nations have different ways to celebrate birthdays, birthdays are wonderful days for everyone. 1. A. atB. inC. withD. by 2. A. liveB. aliveC. lifeD. living 3. A. keepB. getC. likeD. decide 4. A. hopeB. wishesC. wordsD. light 5. A. as possible B. as soon C. immediatelyD. as usua

33、l 6. A. singB. singingC. to singD. sang 7. A. buyingB. boughtC. buyD. to buy 8. A. forB. thatC. whatD. which 9. A. songsB. luckC. giftsD. cakes 10. A. all dayB. one-hourC. all-dayD. one-year 11. A. InsteadB. AndC. OrD. Then 12. A. inB. duringC. afterD. on 13. A. happening B. changingC. stayingD. app

34、earing 14. A. on whichB. in whichC. on thatD. during which 15. A. ButB. AsC. WhenD. ThoughV. 閱讀理解： A girl may pass easily through the first grades. While boys of her age bring home low marks, the girl may easily get good grades. Girls seem to have “better brains”in school. Why do so few girls become

35、 scientists? Why is the most important thinking in adult world done by men? According to scientists, the answer is aggression (敵對行為). Boys usually refuse to accept other peoples conclusion. They insist on solving problems by themselves. While little girls are getting high marks in school for remembe

36、ring what the teacher has told them, little boys are learning to think in their own ways. Boys are usually the ones who get high pay and the powerful job because they are to be aggressive at an early age. 1. Girls get better marks at school than boys become _. A. boys are lazier B. girls are better

37、at remembering things than boys C. girls are cleverer than boys D. teachers care more for girls than for boys 2. There are so few women scientists because _. A. boys are cleverer than girls B. girls are less cared for C. girls are lazier D. few of them are trained to be aggressive 3. According to the scientists _. A. boys are good at thinking in their own ways while girls are remembering things. B. boys can ea