高中英語 Unit 2《What is happiness to you-grammar and usage》學(xué)案1 牛津譯林版選修6

1、Unit 2 What is happiness to you?Grammar and usage學(xué)案第一部分：重點(diǎn)講解過去時態(tài)談?wù)撨^去的狀況或動作一般用過去時態(tài)。過去時態(tài)包括一般過去時、過去將來時、過去進(jìn)行時和過去完成時等。1 一般過去時1)表示過去的事情、動作或狀態(tài)，常與表示過去的具體的時間狀語連用，如yesterday, last night, a moment ago, the next day等。Sang Lan was born in Ningbo, China in 1981.I attended a meeting yesterday.Where did he go a mom

2、ent ago?2)表示過去經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動作。I went to school by bus.He was often late for school.3)常用一般過去時的句型。Why didnt you/I think of that?I didnt notice it.I forgot to tell you I had been there with my brother before.I didnt recognize him.2. 一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成比較一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時均表示發(fā)生在過去的動作,但前者側(cè)重過去的事實(shí),后者側(cè)重過去的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響.- My computer

3、 _ wrong although I used it only once. - youd better go to check it.試比較:I cant enter the room now because I _ (lose) my key.I cant find my text book now, but I _ (put) it here.3過去進(jìn)行時 1)它是用來表示在特定的某一時刻正在發(fā)生的事情，或者過去某一時段內(nèi)持續(xù)發(fā)生的事情。主要從點(diǎn)和段上來強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的過去進(jìn)行時。 What were you doing at nine last night? I first met Lisa

4、 three years ago. She was working at the radio shop at that time. 2)表示過去某一階段內(nèi)一直在進(jìn)行的動作。 I was reading a novel last night. As she was reading the newspaper, her sister was doing her homework.過去進(jìn)行時在近年高考中的考查:1. Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on. - Where was I?- You _you didnt like your fathers

5、 job. (04 北京)A. had said B. said C. were saying D. had been saying 2. You were out when I dropped in at your house. (04 廣東) - Oh, I _ for a friend from England at the airport.A. was waiting B. had waited C. am waiting D. have waited3. Has Sam finished his homework today? - I have no idea. He _ it th

6、is morning. (04吉林)A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done 4. Whats wrong with your coat? (05 重慶) - Just now when I wanted to get off the bus, the man next to me _ on it.A. sat B. had sat C. had been sitting D. was sitting Answers: CACD4. 一般過去時和過去進(jìn)行時的區(qū)別 1). 一般過去時表示在過去某時發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)（包括過去習(xí)慣動作），常與jus

7、t now, a moment ago, yesterday, last week(month, year), the day before yesterday及表示過去的時間狀語從句。如 I was sixteen years old last year. He worked in a factory in 1986. I met her in the street the day before yesterday. He often swam in the river when he was young.2). 過去進(jìn)行時表示過去某一段時間或某一時刻正在進(jìn)行的動作。常與之連用的時間狀語有，

8、at that time/moment, (at) this time yesterday (last night/ Sunday/week), at+點(diǎn)鐘+yesterday (last night / Sunday)，when sb. did sth等時間狀語從句。Eg. What were you doing at seven p.m. yesterday? I first met Mary three years ago. She was working at a radio shop at the time. I was cooking when she knocked at the

9、 door.3). 一般過去時往往表示某一動作已經(jīng)完成，而過去 進(jìn)行時卻表示動作在持續(xù)或未完成。 I saw you while you were speaking to Joan.注意：有的過去時間狀語既可用于一般過去時，也可用于過去進(jìn)行時，但含義不同。如： She wrote a letter to her friend last night. 她昨晚給她的朋友寫了封信。(信寫完了) She was writing a letter to her friend last night. 她昨晚一直在給她的朋友寫信.（信不一定寫完）4). 過去進(jìn)行時的時間狀語從句(1). when 和whil

10、e引導(dǎo)的狀語從句 while表示一段時間，因此它所引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中，謂語動詞常用進(jìn)行時態(tài)，如： When/While we were having supper, the light went out.(2). when用作并列連詞時，表示主句動作發(fā)生的過程中，另一個意想不到的動作發(fā)生了。 I was walking in the street when someone called me. 我正在街上走時突然有人喊我5過去完成時1)在某一過去時間以前或過去某事之前已發(fā)生并完成的動作。By the end of last month they had treated 3,000 patient

11、s.By the time she competed in the New York Goodwill Games, she had been a dedicated junior gymnast for eleven years.2)表示一種未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望和想法。I had hoped to go on Monday, but I couldnt get away.I had thought that he was our English teacher.3)用與Hardlywhen, Scarcelywhen, No soonerthan句型中。Hardly had he finished

12、his homework when we went home.6. 過去完成時與一般過去時1). 歷史事實(shí)通常用一般過去時表示，如： They learned that Lincoln led the American War.He told the students that Hitler killed millions of Jews.2). 過去完成時可以代替一般過去時，表示驚奇.I saw her coming, but in a minute, she had disappeared.They wanted to keep it a secret, but a few days la

13、ter, everyone had known it.3). 當(dāng)主從復(fù)合句中有after, before 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句時,用過去完成時的地方可用一般過去時.He (had) finished all the homework before his patents got home.After I (had) had a short break, I went on to work out the problem.將來時態(tài)談?wù)搶淼臓顩r或動作一般用將來時態(tài)。將來時態(tài)包括一般將來時、將來進(jìn)行時和將來完成時等。1 一般將來時一般將來時表示將來發(fā)生的動作或情況。常與表示將來的時間狀語連用，如to

14、morrow, next week等。She will come with us to watch a football match tomorrow. 有幾種方法可以表示一般將來。1). will/shall do:表示將來發(fā)生的動作或出現(xiàn)的狀態(tài),shall僅與第一人稱連用I know I will think about her whenever my life feels unbearable.2). be going to do:表示主語計(jì)劃打算的行動或看來就要發(fā)生的事情Today, Im going to talk about how to find happiness.3). be

15、 doing:表示計(jì)劃或安排好的動作（go, come, leave, begin 等動詞）4). be to do:表示客觀上計(jì)劃或安排好的動作The line is to be opened to traffic on May Day.5). be about to do:表示即將發(fā)生的動作,一般不帶時間副詞或短語He is about to retire.6). do:表示與安排，計(jì)劃或時刻表有關(guān)的動作；或用于if, when等狀語從句中代替will do.2 將來進(jìn)行時(1)表示將來某一時間點(diǎn)或時間段正在進(jìn)行的動作。Dr Brain will be talking about succ

16、ess next time.What will you be doing at eight tomorrow evening?I wonder if it will still be raining this afternoon.(2). 表示即將或按計(jì)劃在未來要發(fā)生的事情, 主語為第一人稱時往往含有期盼情感.Ill be seeing my grandma next month. They will be separating in the summer. 3將來完成時 表示將來某一時間之前已經(jīng)完成的動作，并往往對將來某一時間產(chǎn)生影響。 When you get home, you fath

17、er will have left for America. By the end of next month he will have finished his novel.4. 過去將來時1)從過去某時看將要發(fā)生的動作。I never imagined that he would become a doctor.I was about to leave when my uncle arrived.2)come, go, leave, arrive等表示位置移動的詞，可用過去進(jìn)行時表過去將來。Mr. Smith telephoned home to tell his wife that Jo

18、hn was coming for supper.He told me that he was leaving soon.5. 近年高考中時態(tài)考查示例例1： 考查過去完成時2001上海春：The new suspension bridge _ by the end of last month.A. has been designed B. had been designed C. was designed D. would be designed解析：by (the end of ) last month是過去完成時的典型的時間狀語. 懸掛大橋是被設(shè)計(jì), 用過去完成時的被動形式. 答案: B演

19、變: John and I _ friends for eight years. We first went to know each other at a Christmas party But we _ each other a couple of times before that.A. had been; have seen B. have been; have seenC. had been; had seen D. have been; had seen點(diǎn)撥：約翰和我(到現(xiàn)在)已經(jīng)做朋友8年, 用現(xiàn)在完成時; 后面是在過去某時間前已經(jīng)見過幾次, 用過去完成時. 答案: D小結(jié)：過去

20、完成時描述一動作先于另一動作完成，可由時間狀語來反映，如：by, by the end of, before, after等；但更多的是由句子含義來決定。例2： 考查一般將來時2004高考全國卷：Lets keep to the point or we_ any decisions.Awill never reach Bhave never reached Cnever reach Dnever reached解析： 本題考查一般將來時的基本用法， 理清句子結(jié)構(gòu)和含義：讓我們緊扣主題,否則的話,我們將達(dá)不成任何決定. 答案: A演變: 06江蘇卷34 ：A poet and artist _

21、coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon. A. is B. are C. was D. were點(diǎn)撥：a poet and artist一個詩人兼畫家,做主語用單數(shù)謂語形式;時態(tài)是明天下午將來, 用進(jìn)行時表將來. 答案: A小結(jié)：對于一般將來時的掌握，特別要能記住和區(qū)分它的各種表達(dá)形式， 如：be to do sth, be doing, be going to do, will do, be about to do, 一般現(xiàn)在時表將來等。例3： 考查過去進(jìn)行時Shirley

22、a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished. Ahas written Bwrote Chad written Dwas writing解析：本題一定要考慮后半句“但是我不知道他是否已完成”， 所以應(yīng)理解成去年（我看到他時），他當(dāng)時正在寫一本書。用過去進(jìn)行時。答案：D演變: 2005太原質(zhì)檢：- Sorry to have interrupt you. Please go on.- Where was I ?- You _ you didnt like your fathers job. A. ha

23、d said B. said C. were saying D. had been saying點(diǎn)撥：注意情景隱藏的時間狀語: 在你被打斷的時候,你正在講.用過去進(jìn)行時. 答案:C小結(jié)：現(xiàn)在的題目一般不會給你明顯的時間狀語，往往要很好地理解情景，去挖掘隱含的時間狀語。第二部分：練習(xí)I. 用所給動詞的適當(dāng)?shù)倪^去時或?qū)頃r的形式填充1. Let's keep to the point or we _ never_ (reach) any decisions.2. My mind wasn't on what he was saying, so I'm afraid I_ (

24、miss) half of it.3. I dont think Jim saw me; he _ just _ (start) into space.4. I _ (ask) you not to move my dictionarynow I can't find it.5. Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people _ (begin) to enjoy the advantages of this new technology.6. -George and Lucy got mar

25、ried last week. Did you go to their wedding? -No, I _ _ _(invite). Did they have a big wedding? 7. Shirley _ (write) a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished it.8. John and I have been friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we

26、_ _(see) each other a couple of times before that.9. His wife _ _ (hope) to catch the first train but she was too late.10. I _ _ (catch) in the heavy rain on the way to the cinema.11. I found the sentence _ _ (not read) smoothly.12. What he had said at the meeting _ (prove) true.13. -Did you see Tom

27、 at the party? - No. He _ _ (leave) by the time I arrived.14. - How time flies! Its already 10 oclock. - Oh, I _ _ (not realize) it at all.15. - Im sorry that I shouldnt have been so rude to you. - You did_ (lose) your temper but thats OK.II.用所給動詞的適當(dāng)?shù)倪^去時或?qū)頃r的形式確翻譯下列各句1. The thief tried to break away

28、 from the policeman who _ _(一直抓著) him but failed.2. -What were you doing when Tony phoned you? -I had just finished my work and _ _(正準(zhǔn)備開始)to take a shower. 3. -You were out when I dropped in at your house. -Oh, I_ _(在等候)for a friend from England at the airport. 4. - Why havent you asked her to come here? - She _(正在做工) an important experiment when I found her and she hasnt finished it. 5. - What were you