法律語言中模糊現(xiàn)象的研究

1、法律語言中模糊現(xiàn)象的研究    英文題名 A Study of Vagueness in Legal Language  關(guān)鍵詞 模糊語言; 法律語言; 語用原則; 語用功能; 英文關(guān)鍵詞 Vague language; Legal language; Pragmatic principles; Pragmatic functions; 中文摘要 模糊性是自然語言的一個重要特征?！澳：钡母拍詈屠碚撌敲绹刂普搶＜以陆淌?965年最先在一篇題為“模糊集”的文章中提出來的。而在中國,伍鐵平教授是對模糊語言學(xué)進行系統(tǒng)研究的第一位學(xué)者。他創(chuàng)設(shè)了“模

2、糊語言學(xué)”,并出版了專著模糊語言學(xué)。但是將模糊理論與其他語體諸如新聞?wù)Z體、廣告語體、法律語體等結(jié)合起來進行分析,這方面的工作做得還不夠。 法律在我們生活中無處不在。法律通過語言表現(xiàn)出來,語言是法律的載體。模糊性是語言的一個重要特征,所以法律必定會被語言的模糊性所影響。法律語言最鮮明的特點是準確性和嚴密性,但并不排除模糊語言的使用。模糊語言客觀地存在于法律語言中。在特定情況下使用一些模糊表達,可以使法律語言達到實質(zhì)上的準確性和概括性。本文從語義學(xué)角度和語用學(xué)角度出發(fā),討論法律語言中的模糊現(xiàn)象,分析法律語言中存在模糊語言的客觀性和必要性,從語義學(xué)角度對法律模糊語進行分類劃分,從語用學(xué)角度闡述法律模

3、糊語的語用功能。本文在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上,利用合作原則,禮貌原則和關(guān)聯(lián)理論分析了模糊語言在法律英語中的作用,從語用角度探討了法律語言中的模糊性,從而強調(diào)模糊語言在法律中的重要作用。 本文共分四章。第一章對模. 英文摘要 Vagueness is one of the most important characteristics of natural language. The concept of vagueness was first proposed by the American professor Zadeh in his article entitled Fuzzy Sets. In

4、China, Professor Wu Tieping is the first scholar who studies the vague theories systematically and published the famous book Vague Language. However, researches on the vagueness combined with other variety of language like legal language and advertising language are still limited. Law exists everywh

5、ere  Abstract 4-5 摘要 6-9 Introduction 9-13 Chapter 1 Vagueness in Language 13-25     1.1 Fuzziness and Fuzzy Linguistics 13-15     1.2 A Collective Study of Vagueness 15-17     1.3 Nature of Vagueness 17-21        

6、1.3.1 Definition of Vague Language 17-19         1.3.2 Distinction of Some Terms 19-21     1.4 The Causes of Vague Language 21-22     1.5 A Review of the Previous Studies 22-25 Chapter 2 Vagueness in Legal Language 25-41   &#

7、160; 2.1 Legal Language 25-26     2.2 Linguistic Features of the Legal language 26-29         2.2.1 Being Accurate 26-27         2.2.2 Being Objective and Impersonal 27-28        

8、2.2.3 Being Vague 28-29         2.2.4 Being Formal and Conservative 29     2.3 The Sources of Vagueness in Legal Language 29-32     2.4 Reasons for the Existence of Vagueness in Legal Language 32-36       

9、  2.4.1 Meeting the Requirement of Legislation 32-33         2.4.2 Difficulty in Communication 33         2.4.3 Meeting the Needs and Expectations of the Changing Society 33-36     2.5 The Previous Research in

10、the Field of Vagueness in Legal Language 36-41         2.5.1 Timothys Standard View 37         2.5.2 H.L.A Harts Open-Texture Theory 37-39         2.5.3 Ronald Dworkins Theory of Adjudication 39-

11、41 Chapter 3 The Linguistic Realization of Vagueness in Legal Language 41-50     3.1 Model for Categorization of Hedge in Legal Language 41-43         3.1.1 Definition of Hedge 41-42         3.1.2 The Categorization

12、 of Hedges 42-43     3.2 Findings about the Hedges Used in Legal Language 43-44     3.3 General or Abstract Lexes 44-48         3.3.1 Abstract Legal Terminology and Concepts 44-46         3.3.2 Subjec

13、tive and Psychological Lexes 46-48     3.4 Descriptive or Evaluative Lexes 48-49     3.5 Summary 49-50 Chapter 4 A Pragmatic Approach to Vagueness in Legal Language 50-69     4.1 Theoretical Grounds for Pragmatic Functions of Vague Language 50-51  &#

14、160;  4.2 Vague Language and Pragmatic Principles 51-57         4.2.1 The Cooperative Principle 52-54         4.2.2 The Politeness Principle 54-57     4.3 Pragmatics and Legal Pragmatics 57-58    

15、; 4.4 Notion of Pragmatic Vagueness 58-61     4.5 The Pragmatic Functions of Vagueness in Legal Language 61-69         4.5.1 Giving the Right Amount of Information 62-63         4.5.2 Deliberately Withholding Inform

16、ation 63-65         4.5.3 Making up for Linguistic Inadequacy 65         4.5.4 Protecting Oneself 65-66         4.5.5 Making Language More Polite 66-67        

17、4.5.6 Making Language More Persuasive 67-69 Conclusion 69-71 Bibliography 71-76 Acknowledgements 76     2.5 The Previous Research in the Field of Vagueness in Legal Language 36-41         2.5.1 Timothys Standard View 37      

18、   2.5.2 H.L.A Harts Open-Texture Theory 37-39         2.5.3 Ronald Dworkins Theory of Adjudication 39-41 Chapter 3 The Linguistic Realization of Vagueness in Legal Language 41-50     3.1 Model for Categorization of Hedge in Legal Language

19、41-43         3.1.1 Definition of Hedge 41-42         3.1.2 The Categorization of Hedges 42-43     3.2 Findings about the Hedges Used in Legal Language 43-44     3.3 General or Abstract Lexes 44-48 &#

20、160;       3.3.1 Abstract Legal Terminology and Concepts 44-46         3.3.2 Subjective and Psychological Lexes 46-48     3.4 Descriptive or Evaluative Lexes 48-49     3.5 Summary 49-50 Chapter 4 A Pragmat

21、ic Approach to Vagueness in Legal Language 50-69     4.1 Theoretical Grounds for Pragmatic Functions of Vague Language 50-51     4.2 Vague Language and Pragmatic Principles 51-57         4.2.1 The Cooperative Principle 52-54  

22、0;      4.2.2 The Politeness Principle 54-57     4.3 Pragmatics and Legal Pragmatics 57-58     4.4 Notion of Pragmatic Vagueness 58-61     4.5 The Pragmatic Functions of Vagueness in Legal Language 61-69     &#

23、160;   4.5.1 Giving the Right Amount of Information 62-63         4.5.2 Deliberately Withholding Information 63-65         4.5.3 Making up for Linguistic Inadequacy 65         4.5.4 Pro

24、tecting Oneself 65-66         4.5.5 Making Language More Polite 66-67         4.5.6 Making Language More Persuasive 67-69 Conclusion 69-71 Bibliography 71-76 Acknowledgements 76     2.5 The Previous Research in the

25、Field of Vagueness in Legal Language 36-41         2.5.1 Timothys Standard View 37         2.5.2 H.L.A Harts Open-Texture Theory 37-39         2.5.3 Ronald Dworkins Theory of Adjudication 39-41 C

26、hapter 3 The Linguistic Realization of Vagueness in Legal Language 41-50     3.1 Model for Categorization of Hedge in Legal Language 41-43         3.1.1 Definition of Hedge 41-42         3.1.2 The Categorization of

27、Hedges 42-43     3.2 Findings about the Hedges Used in Legal Language 43-44     3.3 General or Abstract Lexes 44-48         3.3.1 Abstract Legal Terminology and Concepts 44-46         3.3.2 Subjective

28、 and Psychological Lexes 46-48     3.4 Descriptive or Evaluative Lexes 48-49     3.5 Summary 49-50 Chapter 4 A Pragmatic Approach to Vagueness in Legal Language 50-69     4.1 Theoretical Grounds for Pragmatic Functions of Vague Language 50-51     4.2 Vague Language and Pragmatic Principles 51-57