adequate使用范圍較廣

1、 College Life When students leave for college at age 17 or 18, many of them have never been away from home and their families. The transition to greater freedom and responsibility may be difficult for them, with no one to wake them up for breakfast or do their laundry, and fewer classes to attend bu

2、t larger amounts of homework. College has many social attractions, some of which can be distractions. Sports, concerts, and parties can be very time consuming. The temptation to stay up too late at night or sleep too late in the morning is always present, so self-discipline is an important lesson to

3、 learn. In addition many students have part-time jobs, especially in the US where most students have cars and are expected to help their parents for tuition or college housing. Students and parents may disagree on how much time should be devoted to studying. But they usually agree that in addition t

4、o some learning and possibly some fun, one of the outcomes of a college education should be a good job. Students who have already worked at part-time jobs have an advantage in the job market, but this is not the only way to improve ones chances. Many colleges have special classes where students can

5、practice their application forms and letters, resumes, personal statements, and employment interviews. Most colleges have career counselors and either career days or career fairs where students can meet potential employers and learn about career alternatives. Recently many jobs have been listed on t

6、he Internet, making it easier to match students with suitable opportunities and more important for students to acquire computer skills. College can be an exciting and rewarding experience, but it can also be very stressful. Making their own decisions can be very difficult for young people accustomed

7、 to parental supervision. When students make bad decisions, such as drinking too much, they are not always mature enough to admit or correct their mistakes. But having the freedom to make these mistakes, and the obligation to face their consequences, is part of the learning process. When older peopl

8、e look back on their student years, they usually view this as a happy period of life, even if it did not always feel that way at the time. Parents and teachers can help students move successfully from high school to college and from college to careers. But in the last analysis students must do most

9、of this for themselves, with more help than we may realize from their friends and classmates. College students learn as much outside as inside the classroom, and most of this is not learned from adult.All in all, college is a time of change.Essay IThe Commencement Speech Youll Never HearEssay IIAn A

10、ll-Forgiving World?1. adequate enough sufficientadequate使用范圍較廣，可表示在數(shù)量和質(zhì)量方面是滿足的，但無(wú)富余；也可指在某方面或某場(chǎng)合能予以適應(yīng)。冬天雨雪充分。There was rain and snow in winter.供不應(yīng)求。 The supply is not to the demand.enough最普通用詞。意指對(duì)于某種目的、用途來(lái)說(shuō)，在數(shù)量，質(zhì)量或規(guī)模上是足夠的，但精度較小，約略程度較大。I had not confidence to go ahead.sufficient一般用于正式文體中。指 能滿足某一特定目的所需

11、要的數(shù)量、范圍等。意為“充分的”、“充足的”。這筆基金不足以應(yīng)付該用途。The funds are not for the purpose.2. deserve be entitled to, esp. by ones conduct or qualities1) 跟名詞或代詞I have omitted many things which deserved a place in the book.2） 跟不定式She deserved to win because she was the best.近形詞近形詞reserve preserve conserve observe These c

12、ollege students _ being praised because of saving the drowned child.A) desert B) dessert C) deserve D) assertC) deserve3. formulate 1) to express clearly and exactly 這合同是用深?yuàn)W的法律術(shù)語(yǔ)訂立的。The contract was d in difficult legal language.2) to devise or invent:So far he has not been able to his new plan.He h

13、ad _ several workable plans in his mind before the board meeting.A) formulated B) dominated C) stimulated D) simulatedA) formulated4. pop 1) v. 跳出The magician had real rabbits popping out his hat.His eyes almost popped out of his head when he saw that she had won.2) adj. 流行的，熱門(mén)的 I have no interest i

14、n music.pop culture; pop psychology； a pop singer； a pop style通俗文化； 通俗心理學(xué)； 流行音樂(lè)歌手； 通俗藝術(shù)風(fēng)格 5. presentation 1) 頒發(fā)、贈(zèng)送One of the mayors job is the of prizes at schools.授獎(jiǎng)儀式將于上午九點(diǎn)在市政大廳舉行。The presentation of prizes will begin in the town hall at nine oclock.2) 贈(zèng)送的東西3) 講述、描述、演出He needs to improve his of th

15、e arguments.We went to the premiere of their new .我們?nèi)タ戳怂麄兡浅鲂聞〉氖讏?chǎng)演出。6. tolerate bear endure stand Bear為常用詞，使用廣泛，主要指承受重?fù)?dān)或忍受困難艱苦之事。He cant the pain.A camel can a heavy burden.這個(gè)新理論將接受檢驗(yàn)。This new theory will examination. Stand與bear同義，多用于口語(yǔ)，常用在否定句或疑問(wèn)句中，指不能忍受，覺(jué)得他/它很討厭；在肯定句里是指固執(zhí)勇敢地忍受，而無(wú)不安或動(dòng)搖。I listened to

16、his engine howling until I couldnt stand it any longer.我想,要我和他一起在房間里多呆一分鐘，我也無(wú)法忍受。I dont think I can stand being in the house with him for another minute.Their characters had been tested and had stood the test. Endure指忍受較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的或連續(xù)不斷的痛苦或艱辛而不屈服，強(qiáng)調(diào)思想的堅(jiān)定及堅(jiān)忍力。We must try to all this in the fashion of philos

17、ophers.我們?cè)囍裾軐W(xué)家那樣忍受這一切。在開(kāi)拓西部時(shí)，拓荒者忍受了不少的困苦。The pioneers d many hardships in settling the West.Tolerate指自己盡管并不情愿，但仍然勉強(qiáng)接受或容忍。通常用來(lái)談?wù)撚幸欢?quán)威或選擇權(quán)的人。 為什么善良的父母會(huì)容忍學(xué)校對(duì)他們子女的折磨？Why is it that parents, who are otherwise kind, tolerate cruel schools for their children?你必須容忍你的同事中各種不同的觀點(diǎn)。You have to a diversity of vi

18、ews among your colleagues.Merry LearningNumber Prefixessemi-;demi-;hemi-halfhemisphere,semi-feudal(半封建的）uni-; mono-oneuniform, monologue(獨(dú)白)bi-;di-;tw-;du-twobicycle,twice,dioxide,duet(二重奏)tri-threetriangle, tricyclequadr-;rect-;quart-fourquadrangle,rectangular,quarterquint-;penta-fivequintette(五重奏)

19、, pentagon(五角大樓)oct-eightOctober, octagon(八邊形)dec-tendecade, December(12月為古羅馬的10月)centi-hundredcentimeter, centigradekilo-;milli-thousandkilometer, milligram(毫克) meg-; mega-millionmegaton（兆噸）poly-;multimanypolytechnical(多種工藝的), multiply1. act outTell your students that they should learn the dialogue

20、 overnight and that you will call on them in pairs the next day to the dialogue.2. by no meansI would agree him up to a point but completely.By no means should a child be left alone at home in America; it is against the law.類似詞組類似詞組at no time, on no account, in no case, in no way, on no consideratio

21、n, under (in) no circumstances以上含有否定意義的介詞詞組位于句首，引起倒裝。并且一般翻譯為“絕不”。中國(guó)絕不首先使用核武器。At no time will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.我們絕不做利己害國(guó)之事。Under no circumstances should we do anything that will benefit ourselves but harm the interest of the state.3. get away with 1)不因某事受懲罰He thinks he can te

22、lling lies.他開(kāi)始偽造支票，起初未被發(fā)現(xiàn)，但最后還是被捕入獄了。He began forging cheques and at first he got away with it but in the end he was caught and sent to prison.2) （受了小小的懲罰）就算了As its a first offence, the solicitor said,I think shell get away with a fine.4.go through1.She went through one hardship after another.2.Ive

23、gone through my pockets but still cant find my key.3.The Customs went through all my luggage at the airport.4.The Conservatives are trying to prevent the Bill from going through.5.She went through with the wedding despite her parents disapproval.仔細(xì)檢查經(jīng)歷將進(jìn)行到底；完成搜尋獲得批準(zhǔn)5. drop out 輟學(xué)相關(guān)四級(jí)短語(yǔ)dropby / in 順便

24、（或偶然）訪問(wèn)off 睡著；入睡（讓）下車(chē)；把放下下降；減少Fill in the blanks with the above phrases, change the forms where necessary.1.Teenagers who _of high school have trouble finding jobs.2.The Smiths _some old friends on their vocation trip to New York.3.Mr. Evans _my office yesterday to talk with me about the new book he

25、 is writing.4.I picked up my wife at home and _ her _ at the shopping center.5.Just as I was_, the teacher woke me up.6.Business picked up during December, but _again after Christmas.drop outdropped in (on)dropped bydropped offdropping offdropped offdrop in 跟人drop by跟地點(diǎn)6. get down 沮喪 get down to 著手做

26、Confident as he was when he undertook the task, the difficulties of it finally get him down.持續(xù)不斷的雨和霧使我感到抑郁。This continuous rain and fog is getting me down.Its time you got down to some reading or the other students will leave you behind.The task is not as difficult as it seems when you really get do

27、wn to it.Fill in the blanks with “make it”, “l(fā)ook back on”, “deprive of”, “for the sake of”, change the forms where necessary. And put the sentences into Chinese.1.He had dreamed of being rich and famous, and he became very bitter when he realized that he would never_.2._your family, do not take so

28、many risks.3.I like to _my school days, which were among the happiest of my life.4.The hot sun _the flowers _ water.make itFor the sake oflook back ondeprive ofEssay IThe Commencement Speech Youll Never Hear1. You have spent four years supposing that failure leaves no record. (L2-3)It takes you four

29、 years to form such an understanding as failure would not cause any record to stay.Leave 表示allow or cause sth to stayIf you take two, then that leaves three for me.The shoes left muddy marks on the floor.2. But starting now, in the world to which you go, failure marks you. (L4-5)But from now on, in

30、the world which you are going into, failure really leaves records.mark v. 留下印記；標(biāo)志The invention of the computer marked the beginning of a new era.3. Confronting difficulty by quitting leaves you changed. (L5)Dealing with a difficult situation by giving up make you a different person.changed 是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(ob

31、ject complement)The terrible floods left thousands of people homeless.Far from improving things the new law has left many people worse off than before.4. So, here grades can have meant little in distinguishing the excellent from the ordinary. (L10)So grades can not serve as a standard which can be u

32、sed to evaluate students. 5. You will be ill-advised to demand praise for what does not deserve it, and abuse those who do not give it. (L13-14)If you ask praise that is not worthy of it, and insult those persons who do not praise you, you will not be sensible or wise.Ill-通常加形容詞或過(guò)去分詞前表示“badly”, “ina

33、dequately”。ill-bred 教養(yǎng)不好的 ill-conditioned 情況糟的 ill-fated 注定倒霉的ill-founded 無(wú)理由的 ill-timed 不合時(shí)宜的 ill-equipped 裝備不良的6. For years we created an altogether forgiving world, in which whatever slight effort you gave was all that was demand. (15-16)We made an entirely forgiving world these years. In this wo

34、rld, you will be forgiven even if you made the slightest effort.7. When you tossed on our desks writing upon which you had not labored, we read it and responded, as though you earned a response.(L20-21)When you threw your unlabored writing on our desks, we read it and even commented on it, as if you

35、 deserved a comment.Toss的賓語(yǔ)是 writing, upon which 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾writing。本句由于賓語(yǔ)太長(zhǎng)所以將狀語(yǔ)on our desks 提前。正常的語(yǔ)序應(yīng)是：tossed writing, upon which you had not labored, on our desks.8. College has spoiled you by reading papers that dont deserve to be read, listening to comments that dont deserve a hearing, paying atte

36、ntion even to the lazy, ill-informed and rude. (L29) College has ruined you by reading papers that are not worth reading, listening to remarks that are not worth hearing, paying attention even to the lazy, ignorant and impolite persons.spoil- to impair the value or quality ofToo many cooks spoil the

37、 broth.9. Few professors actually care whether or not they are liked by peer-paralyzed adolescents, fools so shallow as to imagine professors care not about education but about popularity. (L40-42)The peer-paralyzed young men are so ignorant that they think professors are concerned about their reput

38、ation instead of education. However, in fact few professors really care about whether or not they are liked by those young men.fools 后面省略了關(guān)系代詞及系動(dòng)詞，原句應(yīng)為：fools who are so shallow; 而fools是前面adolescents的同位語(yǔ)。10. So go, unlearn the lies we taught you. (L43)Unlearn means to put (something learned) out of t

39、he mindUn- 是否定前綴，表示reversing the action例如：unpack unwrap undo undress unfold unloadEssay IICollege: An All-forging World?1. He is completely ignoring all the pressures and hard times students go through to make it at college. (L7-8)He is completely taking no notice of all the pressures and hard times

40、 that students suffer in order to succeed at college.2. When the going gets tough, the tough have to get down to work because unlike what Neusbner believes, college does not give painless solutions to mistakes. (L26)When the progress in their studies becomes difficult to make, even the hard working

41、students have to start studying even harder because unlike what Beusner believes, college does not give “painless” solutions to mistakes.句中g(shù)ets tough意為gets difficult; 而the tough指的是頑強(qiáng)學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生。Passage I Those College Finals Those College Finals1. discardThese beautiful girls are eager to discard their wi

42、nter clothing when the weather gets warm.The joys of travel, having long _ the disabled, are opening up to virtually anyone who has the means.A) omitted B) missed C) neglected D) discardC) neglected2. gasp 1)喘息，喘氣； 透不過(guò)氣來(lái)I gasped as I jumped into the cold river. 當(dāng)我跳進(jìn)冰冷的河里時(shí)，簡(jiǎn)直透不過(guò)氣來(lái)。The swimmer came ou

43、t of the water and gasped for breath.游泳的人從水里鉆出來(lái)喘口氣。2) 氣喘吁吁地說(shuō)The tired soldier gasped out a few words.3. glazeHis eyes glazed over and he fell back unconscious.他的雙眼變得呆滯無(wú)神，接著身體往后倒下便不省人事了。4.glideYouth glided past without our awareness.青春在不知不覺(jué)中逝去。The pilot managed to land the glider on a safe place.滑翔機(jī)5

44、. glowThe childrens cheeks glowed from the cold.孩子的面頰凍得發(fā)紅。parents glowing with pride.洋溢著父母的驕傲楓葉在陽(yáng)光里閃耀著紅光。Maple leaves glowed red in the sunlight.相關(guān)詞語(yǔ)glowworm 螢火蟲(chóng) glowing 顏色鮮艷的6. moan v. 他向每一個(gè)愿意聽(tīng)的人抱怨他的不幸。He ed about his misfortunes to anyone who would listen.7. mutter演員背臺(tái)詞時(shí)經(jīng)常嘀嘀咕咕。Actors often to them

45、selves when rehearsing their lines.8. obscure adj.小徑在漸漸消失的光線下變得更暗了。The path grew more obscure in the fading light.這首詩(shī)在不懂古典詩(shī)作的人看來(lái)是費(fèi)解的。The poem is obscure to those unlearned in the classics.obscurity n. 晦澀;身份低微Many great men rose from obscurity to fame.許多偉人都是從卑微變得顯赫的。His poems are full of obscurities.

46、他的詩(shī)作充滿了晦澀難懂的地方。9. possess 1) 擁有It is discovered that our country possesses rich mineral deposits.2) 使失去對(duì)自己的控制； 控制； 支配Fear possessed him and prevented him from moving.He was suddenly possessed by a desire to rush into the room.3) 著魔I do not know what ed him to drive so fast down that busy street.我不知道

47、他著了什么魔，在那條熱鬧的街上把車(chē)子開(kāi)的那么快。possessionin possession of in the possession of The thief was in possession of a large quantity of stolen property. 強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)占有某物。The documents have been in the possession of the British Museum for 50years. 強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)被別人占有，含有被動(dòng)的意思。注意使用時(shí)主語(yǔ)的不同類似的詞組，如：in charge of 與in the charge of possess

48、ion 用作復(fù)數(shù)表示“財(cái)產(chǎn)”。The people had to gather up their few s and escaped abroad.10. stagger v. 蹣跚那個(gè)醉漢搖搖晃晃地穿過(guò)房間。The drunk man ed across the room.動(dòng)搖The unexpected blow did not his resolution.這個(gè)意外打擊并沒(méi)有動(dòng)搖他的決心。11. trace n. 痕跡；蹤跡Of course we searched the house from cellar to garret, but there was no trace of hi

49、m.Sorrow and disappointment had left their traces upon his character.v. 跟蹤；找尋；描述trace back toHis family can trace its history back to the 10th century.Her fear of dogs traces back to an experience in her childhood.1. against all (the) odds 在極其不利的情況下；盡管有極大的困難在極其不利的情況下勝訴，那還是很開(kāi)心的。It is still much fun t

50、o win a case against all the odds.他耗盡了力氣，不顧一切困難，終于勝利地返回了營(yíng)地。Against all odds, he succeeded in returning the camp before his strength gave out.2. cough up See if you can make the prisoner cough up the names of his companions.經(jīng)過(guò)幾小時(shí)的審訊，那個(gè)犯人才供認(rèn)他偷了那些珠寶。After hours of questioning, the prisoner coughed up a

51、nd admitted that he had stolen the jewels.3.lock up ）鎖好He always locks up his money in a strong box.2) 鎖上（大門(mén)）People usually lock up before they go to bed at night.）關(guān)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄He was locked up for trying to break the Official Secrets Act.（公務(wù)保密法）1. I knew that the combination of these things reminded me of s

52、omething, and soon enough I realized what that something was. (L2-4)I knew that all of these things together made me remember something and quickly I knew what it was.“These things” refers to the blowing wind, the frigid temperature and the depressing atmosphere mentioned in the previous sentence.2.

53、 It is a horror that stays with a person for the rest of his life: the desperation, the frustration, the realization that one has to cough up mounds of knowledge that one does not even possess. (L6-8)During the final week, one is dominated by feeling of desperation, frustration and realization that

54、he is forced to write out the knowledge that he doesnt have at all. Even worse that experience is a great fear that will companion him throughout the rest of his life. 3. , and shot questions at one another. L(32)shoot 投射目光；快速提（問(wèn)題）She shot an angry look at him.The reporters began shooting questions at the congressman.4. The college administrator fool the students by making them believe that final exams are only a mild precursor of what is going to happen every day in the big, mean world. (L51)The college authorities fool the students by saying that the final exams are merely a