中考賓語從句詳解和練習題

1、賓語從句一、賓語從句的定義：賓語從句是一種名詞性從句，在句中作及物動詞的賓語，或介詞的賓語，或形容詞的賓語。 I know him. I know who he is .主語 謂語 賓語 主語 謂語 連詞 從句主語 從句謂語 主 句 賓語從句 賓語:位于謂語動詞或者介詞后：I know him. Do you have the time?I think (that) she is beautiful. Why dont you pay attention to me?賓語從句的概念：從句在復合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞（及物動詞）或介詞、形容詞之后。 We know Mr G

2、reen teaches English. She asked if these answers were right.二、賓語從句分類:根據(jù)引導賓語從句的不同連詞，賓語從句可分為三類:1. 由that引導的賓語從句。That只有語法作用，沒有實在的意義，在口語和非正式文體中可以省略。例如： He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. She doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed.that 的省略：e.g. I guess (that) some

3、body else has borrowed it.注意：當主句謂語動詞帶有兩個或兩個以上賓語從句時，可以省略第一個that,其他不能省略。 egI believe（that）you have done your best and that things will get better2. 由連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which和連接副詞when, where, why, how引導的賓語從句。這些連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語從句中充當某個成分。例如：Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe? He asked whose

4、 handwriting was the best.Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? I dont know why the train is late.3. 由if或whether引導的賓語從句。if/ whether “是否”，說明對陳述的事物不明確或不清楚。常用在ask, wonder, can(could) you tell me 表示疑問不確定意義的詞之后；從句句意完整，不缺成分。I want to know if (whether) he will go to the park with us .Ask him whether

5、(if) he can come . I wonder whether it is going to rain or not.Could you tell me whether(if) Mr Li lives here ?只用whether的情況：1. 在引導主語從句、表語從句、引導同位語從句時：主語從句: Whether it is true remains a question. Whether he is right or wrong is a question.表語從句：The question is whether it is true. (為了強調(diào)賓語部分，也可把從句提在主句前。W

6、hether he will come I am not sure.） The question whether he will accept it confuses us.2. 用在動詞不定式之前時(whether to do sth.) ：They asked me whether to go skating. I dont know whether to go there at once. 3.當與or not連用，或 or 提出兩種選擇時:I dont know whether hes free or not. Mary asked whether I was doing my hom

7、ework or not.Tell me whether youd like to go shopping or tidy the room.4. 在介詞或discuss后面：Im thinking of whether we should go fishing. We discussed whether we should close the shop.注意：只能用if 不能用 whether的情況1.引導條件狀語從句 If he runs fast, hell get there on time. Ill go to see you if I have time.2.引導否定的賓語從句 T

8、ell me if it is not going to rain, please.if / whether用法巧記:兩個“是否”并不難，一般情況可代換。 下列情況用whether, 主表不定式or (not)。作為討論介詞賓, 此時if不可跟。 還有一點也得編，whether從句可提前。引導條件表“如果”，再也不可用whether。 賓語從句若否定，whether一詞不可用。練習：選擇 if / whether。1. I asked her _ she had a bike. 2. Were worried about _ he is safe.3. I wonder _ he is wel

9、l. 4. I dont know _ or not he is well.5. I dont know _ to go.三、賓語從句的語序：賓語從句的語序用陳述語序：主句+連接詞+主語+謂語+其他成分；即：助動詞不能放在主語前面。例如：I want to know if (whether) he lives there. He asked me whether (if) I could help him.注：當從句的原句為以下句子以及what, who作主語時，語序不變：Whats wrong? Whats the matter? Whats happening? Who is over t

10、here？I dont know whats the matter. Can you tell me who is over there? Can you tell me who he is ?注意：否定前移若主句謂語動詞為think, guess，imagine，suppose,believe等其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉移到主句謂語上，從句謂語用肯定式；其反意疑問句，疑問從句。主句是I/We think/suppose/guess/believe等時，從句中的否定習慣上要轉移到主句中。如：我認為雞不會游泳。誤：I think Tom can not swim. 正：I d

11、ont think Tom can swim.此外，上述情況在變成反意疑問句時，附加疑問句要看從句，如果主句的主語不是第一人稱，則附加疑問句要看主句。試比較：I think he is wrong, isnt he? He thinks he is right, doesnt he?(1)I dont think he is right,_? A.isnt he B.is he C.do I D.dont I(2). He believes she is right, _? A.doesnt he B.does he C.is she D.isnt she否定前移及反意疑問句形式巧記法：我認為

12、猜想有假不可信，提問賓從構反問。從句若表否定意，否定詞語要前移。I don't think this dress fits you well, does it? 我認為這件衣服不適合你穿,是嗎？I don't believe you will finish the work today， will you? 我認為你今天無法完成工作, 是嗎？四、時態(tài)1.主句用現(xiàn)在時或將來時，從句可用任何時態(tài)，根據(jù)實際情況而定。I know he lives here . I know he lived here ten years ago . I have heard that he will

13、 come tomorrow .2.如果主句是過去的時態(tài)（一般過去時，過去進行時），從句的時態(tài)一定要用相對應的過去的某種時態(tài)（一般過去時，過去進行時，過去將來時，過去完成時）I knew who lived there. I saw she was talking with her mother. He asked whether his father would come back the next day. He said that he had seen the movie .3. 從句說明的是一般真理、客觀事實、自然現(xiàn)象時，仍用一般現(xiàn)在時。Dad told us that it is

14、better to do than to say. He told the boy that three and three is six.He told me the earth moves around the sun. Mr. Li told me the sun rises in the east.練習：1. The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be)2. The headmaster hopes everything _ well.(go)3. I hear they _ (return) it already. 4. He said that

15、 they _ members of the Party since 1948. (be)5. Our teacher told us in class the sun _ in the east. (rise)賓語從句巧記法：賓語從句要注意，時態(tài)引導詞和語序。1. 時態(tài)問題時態(tài)問題看主句，現(xiàn)在時態(tài)可隨意。過去時態(tài)用過去，客觀情況要注意，主過從現(xiàn)要切記。2. 引導詞問題引導詞 , 并不難，主句含義最關鍵。 主表肯定意完整，that常用也可省。主表疑問不確定，另類詞, 要使用。 從句句意若完整，if/whether不可省。從句若是缺成分，特殊(疑)問詞來過問。3. 語序問題還有一項是語序，陳述語

16、序要切記。 如何對它來判斷，助動莫放主語前重點：1.從句中的語序為陳述語序；Do you know how old is she? (應改為：how old she is)2.從句中的時態(tài)與主句時態(tài)前后呼應。She didnt tell me when she will come. (應改為：when she would come)3.轉換：由連接代詞和連接副詞引導的賓語從句可用疑問代詞和疑問副詞動詞不定式替代，進行句型上的轉換。Ive no idea what were going to do next. = Ive no idea what to do next.Could you tel

17、l me how I can get to the post office? = Could you tell me how to get to the post office?難點：1.賓語從句中的It 可運用形式賓語it代替的賓語從句 動詞find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有賓語補足語的時候,則需要用it做形式賓語而將that賓語從句后置. I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day . I feel it a pity that I havent been to the

18、get-together. 我沒去聚會,感覺非常遺憾.I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. I think it no use crying. 有些動詞帶賓語從句時需要在賓語與從句前加it I hate it when they are with their mouths full of food.Please see to it that the door is closed Don't take it for granted that we help you.I would appreciate it if you could hel

19、p me.(1).I find _ important that we practice English every day. A. it B. this C. that D. what (2). You cant imagine _when they received the nice gift. A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were how excited2.賓語從句中的虛擬 1) suggest,order,insist, propose,賓

20、語從句表示的是一種虛擬語氣，sb. (should )do.He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means. The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class. He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves. 3.wish接虛擬I wish I were you. I wish I hadn't known you. I

21、 wish I could go abroad one day. 3) 在句型 "It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that . " 中，that 后面的從句中的謂語動詞用： (should) + 動詞原形，如：It's necessary that we should have a walk now. 我們有必要出去散散步。 It's natural that she should do so. 她這樣做是很自然的。 It's important that we should take go

22、od care of the patient. 重要的是我們要照顧好病人。 鞏固練習：( )1. Could you show me _ ? A. how can I get to the station B. where is the station C. how I could get to the station D. how I can reach the station( )2. Please tell me _. A. what does he like B. what he does like C. what he likes D. what he like( )3. My si

23、ster told him _ . A. what day was it B. when the train arrived C. who she was waiting D. where did you live( )4. Someone is ringing the doorbell . Go and see _ . A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is ( )5. Could you tell me how long _ ? A. you have bought the watch B. you have kept thi

24、s science book C. have you been away from China D. have you been a member of Greener China( )6. He says that if it _ tomorrow , he _ fishing . A.will rain, won't go B.rained, wasn't go C.rains, won't go D.rain, will go ( )7.The young man asked _ it's summer or winter. A. if B. that C

25、. weather D. whether( )8.  We don't know _ they did it . A. how B. who C. what D. which ( )9. The teacher asks us _ Jim can come back on time tomorrow . A. that B. if C. when D. what time( )10. Does anybody know _ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not . A. if B. where C. wh

26、ether D. that( )11.- Be careful! Dont break the bottles. Do you hear_ I said? David? - Yes, Mum A. what B. that C. why D. If( )12.The teacher asked the new student _ class he was in. A. which B. where C. if D. That( )13.There is not much difference between the two. I really dont know _. A. what should I choose B. whi