高考作文之結(jié)構(gòu)-記敘文

1、文檔供參考，可復(fù)制、編制，期待您的好評與關(guān)注！ 記敘文是英語作文中最常用、最基本的一種文體。也是高考英語書面表達中?？嫉奈捏w。它以記敘和描寫為主要手段，通過寫人、記事、寫景來表達整理思想或感情。常見的高考記敘文包括故事、人物介紹、游記、新聞報道等。?？碱}多以看圖作文或根據(jù)故事情節(jié)寫作文的形式出現(xiàn)。記敘文的寫作要點1. 六要素：要交待清楚記敘文“六要素”，即時間、地點、人物、事件起因、經(jīng)過、結(jié)果（when，where，who，why，what，how）。2. 敘述方式：事情的敘述通常有四種手法：順敘、倒敘、插敘和夾敘夾議。最常用的是順敘。3. 時態(tài)：時態(tài)通常使用與過去有關(guān)的時態(tài)，如一般過去時、過

2、去進行時、過去完成時和過去將來時。4. 人稱：通常用第一人稱或第三人稱寫作，第一人稱主要寫自己的經(jīng)歷，可增強文章的真實感和感染力；第三人稱主要寫他人的經(jīng)歷或事跡。高考記敘文的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)開頭 the beginning交待必要的背景。如：時間、地點、人物等。中間 the middle交待故事情節(jié)（事情的主體）。如：事件的發(fā)生、發(fā)展和前因后果。結(jié)尾 the ending事情的結(jié)果或感想、愿望等范例一 記事2008天津卷 假設(shè)2008年2月12日是你父親的生日，下面三幅圖描繪的是你給父親買完禮物后乘坐地鐵回家時經(jīng)歷的一件事。請根據(jù)圖示，用英語寫一篇日記記敘這件事，并談?wù)勛约旱母惺?。注意?1. 詞數(shù)不

3、少于100；2. 可適當(dāng)加入細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。參考詞匯：地鐵（列車）- subway trainFebruary 12th, 2008 One possible version:Februay 12 th, 2008 The day is my Dads birthday. This afternoon I went to the shopping center downtown, and bought a present for him. Then I took the subway train home. Sitting on the train, I thought my dad wo

4、uld be very happy when he saw the present. At the next station, an old lady with two heavy bags got on the train and stood in front of me. She looked tired. I hesitated for a moment, and then offered my seat to her. The old lady thanked me a lot and sat down. Seeing her smile, I felt happy. I will a

5、lways be ready to help others in the future. 記敘文之人物介紹人物介紹屬于記敘文的寫作范疇，寫作時要圍繞人物組織材料。所寫短文中應(yīng)包括人物、時間、地點、主要事件（who，when， where ，what）等內(nèi)容。人物介紹的寫作要點寫作時，要做到主題鮮明，內(nèi)容清楚，并注意結(jié)構(gòu)的完整性。1. 仔細審題，明確寫作目的和中心思想，每段都應(yīng)始終圍繞主題展開敘述。 2. 合理判斷使用哪種人稱，句子時態(tài)要在上下文中有相關(guān)性、連續(xù)性，要與表達內(nèi)容一致。3. 合理安排短文的結(jié)構(gòu)層次，組織好所提示內(nèi)容表達的先后順序，并用英語思維，整理寫作要點。4. 審題后要先列出簡明

6、扼要的提綱，其次寫出草稿，經(jīng)過修改之后，再正式成文。人物介紹的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)名人篇姓名、童年及出生地 家庭及教育背景 成就 評價路人篇姓名、身份及外貌特征 要點提示中的人物特點 評價 范例二 寫人馬克吐溫是美國著名作家。請根據(jù)下面提供的內(nèi)容寫一篇人物簡介。馬克吐溫（18351910）生于美國Missouri。他是美國19世紀著名的作家之一。他的家鄉(xiāng)位于密西西比河畔。成年后，他曾在密西西比河的船上當(dāng)水手。馬克吐溫是他的筆名。他寫過很多小說，其中最著名的是湯姆索耶歷險記（Tom Sawyer）。他的作品被譯成多國文字，深受世界讀者喜愛。 詞數(shù)：100-120。One possible version:M

7、ark Twain(18351910), one of the best known American writers in the nineteenth century, was born in Missouri in the middle part of the United States.Mark Twains hometown lay on the banks of the Mississippi River, where he spent his childhood. When he grew up he worked as a sailor on a riverboat for s

8、ome time. Mark Twain was his pen name.Mark Twain wrote a lot of novels, one of which is The Adventure of Tom Sawyer, the masterpiece which brought him fame and honor. Some of his writings have been translated into many languages. He and his works are deeply loved by readers throughout the world.常用的詞

9、組及句子：1. Birthday and birth place:was / were born in onwas / were born in / into a poor / rich familyeg. He was born in Poland on Nov.13, 1987.2. Family backgroundHis / her family was so poor thathis / her father was very strict with himBorn in a poor family, he had to.When he was a small boy, he sho

10、wed a great interest in.when he was a small boy / youngas a child / as a boy of 15during his / her childhoodspend his childhood inlive a happy / hard lifeeg. Abraham Lincoln, the son of a poor family, was born in Kentucky on February 12, 1809.Born of a poor clerks family, Charles Dickens had little

11、schooling.3. Education backgroundbe admitted to collegegraduate fromdepartment of universitywhen at college, he majored inreceive a doctors degreego abroad for further studiesThanks to the help of ., he was able to continue his education.Between . and ., he studied at.From . to ., he first worked as

12、 ., and then he became.4. Big events in ones lifebe interested in / be fond ofwork hard atserve asdevote his lifetime / himself toconcentrate himself todo research about / intomade great contributions tomake up ones mind to do sth.do sth with great determination and perseverancebe strict in sth.have

13、 a way of doing sthtry ones best to do sth.encourage sb to dofight for, give up ones life for sb / sthwin a prize / the first prize in competitionreceive / obtain / win the Nobel Prize forbe good at do well inbe crazy about enjoy make rapid progress in set a new world record of equal the world recor

14、dwin(won) a gold / silver / bronze medalbe awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for her scientific achievements.be selected to / become a member ofstudy hard train hardgo through hardshipovercome many difficultieshave a gift / talent for language, etc5. Evaluationone of the best / most important set

15、 a good example fora model teacher / workerbe respected by everyonePeople speak / think highly ofbe honored as (an excellent athlete)his hard work brought him great successhe is the pride of China.His heroic story spread all over the citymake great contributions toConsistency / Perseverance is the k

16、ey to success.be famous / known / regarded asbecome a world champion at Championshipsremember sb forevera new chapter of history has been turnedLei Feng has been praised for his communist spirit.an inspiring leadersb. is considered to be one of the greatest.Well known as., sb.人物外貌和性格特征描寫詞匯good-looki

17、ng funny-looking ugly-looking ordinary-looking white-haired tall short pretty wise naughty smart warm-hearted kind-hearted absent-minded bad-tempered near-sighted far-sighted a strong willbright diligent lazy healthy humorous charming attractive talkative confidence independent patience 有關(guān) “起” 的詞語,

18、用語開篇或引出擴展句. 1. at first/ in the beginning 起初2. at present 現(xiàn)在；當(dāng)今3. recently / lately 最近4. first/ firstly/ first of all 第一5. generally speaking 一般地說6. on the whole 總的說來7. It is well understood that 眾所周知，8. There goes a saying that . 俗話說，9.for one thing for another/ also首先，其次10.presently 此刻；現(xiàn)在11. to be

19、gin with/ to start with 首先；第一12. in general 一般來說13. on the one hand on the other hand 一方面，另一方面14. As the saying goes, . 俗話說，有關(guān) “承” 的詞語, 用來承接上下文.1.by this time 此時2. at the same time 同時3. after a while 過了一會兒4. after a few days 幾天以后5. second/ secondly 第二；第二點6. in addition 另外7. besides/ whats more 另外8.

20、by the way 順便提一句9. in other words 換句話說10. in particular/ particularly 特別地11. worse still 更糟的是11.in the same way 同樣地12.obviously 明顯地13. no doubt 無疑地14. for example/ for instance 例如15. therefore 因此16. indeed 的確17. unlike 不像18. certainly 當(dāng)然19. for another 其次20. still 仍然21.similarly 同樣地有關(guān) “轉(zhuǎn)” 的詞語, 用來表示不

21、同或相反的意見1. in/ by contrast 對比之下2. unfortunately 不幸地3. though/ although 盡管4. even though 即使5. anyway 無論如何6. after all 畢竟7. all the same 依然；照樣8. in fact/ as a matter of fact 事實上9. fortunately 幸運地10. however 然而11. in spite of 盡管；雖然12. at the same time 同時；然而13. otherwise 否則14. on the contrary 相反15. espec

22、ially 尤其16. There are two sides to everything. 任何事物都有兩面性。有關(guān) “合” 的詞語, 用于小結(jié)上文或結(jié)束本段落的內(nèi)容1. in a word/ all in all/ in conclusion 總之2. to conclude/ to summarize 總之3. in brief/ in short/ in summary 總之4. on the whole 總體來說5. above all 最重要的是6. as a result 結(jié)果7. obviously 顯然8. As far as Im concerned, 就我而言9. Tak

23、ing all these into consideration考慮到10. accordingly 因此11. therefore/ thus 因此12. as has been noted 如前所述13. as I have said 如我所述14. by doing so 如此15. to speak frankly/ to be frank 坦白地說16. It is quite clear that 很明顯17. There is no denying that 無可否認18. Considering 考慮到根據(jù)銜接詞本身的意思和文章連接所需要的邏輯意義，可分為以下幾類：一、表示因果

24、關(guān)系as a result-He never studied hard, and as a result he failed in the last examination.as a result of -He is late for work as a result of traffic accident.accordingly-He wanted to buy a radio for study English, and accordingly her mother bought it for him.because（of）-We are delayed because of a traf

25、fic jam.due to-His success is due to his excellent work.owing to-Owing to his absence, our meeting is not held.thanks to-Thanks to a good teacher, she passed the examination.now that-Now that you have grown up, you must earn for yourself.so long as-You could realize your dream so long as you try it

26、again and again.since-Since you are here now, youd better give a hand.in that-The policy is harmful in that it may encourage people to give up.so that-The office speaks at the top of his voice so that every soldier could hear him.therefore-There is a calculating mistakes there, therefore, the answer

27、 is wrong.二、表示解釋關(guān)系as a matter of fact-I will go there this morning, as a matter of fact, I am only 10 minutes, drive from you.as well -I will go there. My friend will go with me as well.frankly speaking-Frankly speaking, I am not very satisfactory with your words.in this case-In this case, I will go

28、 there as soon as possible.三、表示推理關(guān)系or else-Hurry up, or else youll be late.otherwise-You must carry this passport, otherwise you will be stopped by the guard.if so-If so, it will make a great difference.四、表示遞進關(guān)系in addition-I need your help. In addition, I also need her support.besides-First, we must

29、 work hard. Besides, we must work with a creative mind.and moreover-The hat is the right size for you, and moreover, it goes well with your skin.that is to say-The stock price is declining, that is to say, I am losing money.in other words-I am not hungry, in other words, I really dislike the food in

30、 this canteen.equally important-You should read more news from newspapers, and equally important, keep an eye on the news from the radio.whats more-It is harmful to my health, and whats more, it is no good to my work.last but not least-Last but not least, my thanks should go to every member of my cl

31、ass.五、表示比較關(guān)系equally-As a teacher, I should teach well, but equally, I should study well.in the same way-It is such a coincidence that we figure it out in the same way.in contrast to-In contrast to your belief, I quite disagree with you.instead-If you dont go, Ill go instead.on the contrary-You thoug

32、ht I like it. On the contrary, I dislike it.in contrast-It is hot in the daytime, but in contrast its very cold at night.while-We are happy in China, while most Africans live unhappily.六、表示選擇關(guān)系eitheror -Either you or I will go there.rather than-In this matter, the parents should be blamed rather tha

33、n the children.instead of -You should be reading books instead of lying there in bed.not but-She is not an English teacher, but a German student.whetheror not-I wonder whether you will come or not this afternoon.neithernor-Neither you nor I will go there. He will come this afternoon.七、表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系although

34、-Although he is old, he still work everyday.despite-I will visit him despite the heavy snow.at the same time-The little kid brings troubles, but at the same time you cant help liking him.even though-Even though she is late, she walks slow.however-I planned to go there, however, the incident suddenly

35、 interrupts my normal work.in spite of-In spite of the boys honesty, the teacher is still very angry.instead-It is too hot to go shopping, lets watch TV at home instead.on the contrary-I used to think that the result will be good. On the contrary, it turns out to be bad.stillIts raining cats and dog

36、s outside; still, I will visit him.though-I will visit him though it is raining there.while-Sadness is beautiful while loneliness is tragically.yet-He is sentimental sometimes, yet I still like him.八、表示總結(jié)關(guān)系all in all-All in all, we must cope it wellbriefly-Briefly, I agree with you on the matter.in

37、conclusion-In conclusion, the first opinion is much more reasonable than the latter idea.in summary-In summary, we cannot fully believe what we heard from others.to sum up-To sum up, teaching student is not an easy task to perform.on the whole-On the whole, the book is extremely valuable.in all-In a

38、ll, its great to be a father.in short-In short, actions speak louder than words.in brief-In brief, to help others is to help yourself.in a word-In a word, we will win while they will lose.in terms-In practical terms, I believe it will work.in sum-In sum, it is great to be a teacher.to summarize-To s

39、ummarize, spare the rod, spoil the children,九、表示次序關(guān)系above all-Above all, remember to call me when you arrive.afterwards-We played the whole day and afterwards walked home together in the evening.first/firstly/first of allFirst(ly) /first of all, Ill mention the history.second/secondly-Second/secondl

40、y, I will mention the present.furthermore-Furthermore, it is not good enough in this respect.finally-Finally, I agree with you on this matter.last but not least-Last but not least, my personal effort also play a small role in the accomplishment of the task.to conclude-To conclude, life is not a batt

41、le if you want to be a normal man.lastly-Lastly, I must say it will be remembered by people around the world.in the end-In the end, they parted each other at the cross road.十、表示強調(diào)關(guān)系above all-Above all, the good policy makes us dare to be rich.of course-Of course you will fall behind if you dont stud

42、y harder.indeed-I am indeed very glad to see you are well and sound.most important-Most important, it is a book for sale first.十一、表示過渡關(guān)系as to/as forShes very uncertain as to where he is now.by the way-By the way, there is a letter for you in the presidents office.with regard to -With regard to your score in last examination, I am afraid it is not a good news for you.talking of -Talking of philosophy, I know little about it.incidentally-Incidentally, your proposal has drawn most