孟子-英文介紹（課堂PPT）

1、1 呂甲濤 神經外科 Neurosurgery2 Mencius, also known by his birth name Meng Ke，was born in the State of Zou, now forming the city of zhoucheng ，shandong province，only thirty kilometres south of Qufu ,Confucius birthplace.MenciusMencius孟子孟子3 Menciuss father died when he was very young. His mother Zhng (仉) ra

2、ised him alone. Mencius mother is often held up as an exemplary（典范的） female figure in Chinese culture. One of the most famous traditional Chinese idioms is Mencius mother, three moves“.4至圣與亞圣至圣與亞圣5 Mencius disciples（門徒） included a large number of feudal lords（封建君主）, and he was actually more influent

3、ial than Confucius had been. The Mencius， a book of his conversations with kings of the time, is one of the Four Books that Zhu Xi grouped as the core of orthodox（正統(tǒng)的） Neo-Confucian（儒家） thought. 67一、一、View on politics Mencius emphasized the significance of the common citizens in the state. While Con

4、fucianism generally regards rulers highly, he argued that the people are the most highly valued, next come the gods of the land and grain, the sovereign is light. (民為貴,社稷次之,君為輕)8二、二、Education According to Mencius, education must awaken the innate abilities of the human mind. He advocated active inte

5、rrogation（質疑） of the text, saying, “One who believes all of a book would be better off without books” .(盡信書，則不如無書 ）9三、三、On Human Nature For Mencius，Human nature has an innate tendency towards goodness，he thought the four ethical attributes（屬性） ren, yi, li, and zhi , that everyone shared were very im

6、portant. These include commiseration（憐憫), the sense of shame, a reverential（虔誠的）attitude toward others, and the sense of right and wrong. 1011121.Life springs from sorrow and calamity, and death from ease and pleasure.生于憂患，死于安樂2. You cant have your cake and eat it too.魚我所欲也，熊掌亦我所欲也，二者不可兼得，舍魚而求熊掌者也133.The benevolent ha