英語句子成分 (2)ppt課件

1、句子句子成分句子是由作用不同的各部分組成的，這些部分就叫做句子成分。句子成分可以是單詞也可以是詞組或從句。在句子中起主要作用的句子成分有主語、謂語，稱為主要成分；起次要作用的有賓語，賓語補(bǔ)足語、定語、表語、狀語 等，稱為次要成分。1;.主語名詞Mr.Black is a well-known scientist.代詞 He reads newspapers every day .數(shù)詞Two and six is eight.動(dòng)名詞Smoking is harmful to the health.不定式To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure主語從句

2、What we shall do next is not yet decided.主語是句子要說明的人或物，是句子的主體，一般放在句首。名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞常放在句中用作主語。此外，動(dòng)名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、主語從句也可用作主語。2;.謂語謂語說明主語的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句子作謂語，一般放在主語之后。The new term begins on the 1st of September.Her father is an engineer.She seemed tired.3;.賓語及物動(dòng)詞涉及的人或物稱為動(dòng)詞賓語，賓語一般放在及物動(dòng)詞之后。介詞后面的動(dòng)名詞或代詞稱為介詞賓語。名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞在句中常用作

3、動(dòng)詞賓語或介詞賓語。此外，動(dòng)詞不定式可用作動(dòng)詞賓語，動(dòng)名詞和賓語從句也可用途動(dòng)詞賓語或介詞賓語。4;.賓語補(bǔ)足語在主語后面補(bǔ)充說明賓語的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、特征的成分稱為賓語補(bǔ)足語。名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞動(dòng)詞不定式，分詞等可作賓語補(bǔ)足語。名詞The government appointed him chief delegate to the conference.形容詞I dont believe the story true.副詞He found the meeting over when he arrived there介詞短語You should put your things in orde

4、r.動(dòng)詞不定式短語Thor advised her to stay in bed for a week分詞短語We saw the pupils playing basketball.5;.表語在系動(dòng)詞后用來說明主語的身份、狀態(tài)或特征的成分是表語。可作表語的有名詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語以及動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞和表語從句等。名詞Her father is a doctor代詞Whos there? It is I形容詞He is always careless副詞The basketball match is on介詞短語All the pupils are on the playg

5、round now動(dòng)詞不定式短語Our aim is to break the record過去分詞The glass is broken現(xiàn)在分詞The news is quite cheering表語從句The question is who can really repair the machine動(dòng)名動(dòng)詞組His work is teaching English6;.定語用來修飾名詞或代詞的成分是定語。名詞作定語時(shí)，通常放在它所修飾的名詞之前；但在修飾復(fù)合不定代詞（如nothing,anything ,everything, something等）時(shí)，則放在這定代詞之后。短語和從句作定語

6、時(shí)，也入在被修飾的名詞之后。形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞名詞、副詞介詞短語以及動(dòng)詞不定式，分詞和定語從句等都可用作定語。7;.形容詞I have something important to tell you名詞There are few women workers in the factory名詞、副詞The oil workers here come from Daqing數(shù)詞We have got ten desks in the room介詞短語Yesterday the scientist made a report on modern science.動(dòng)詞不定式短語As he has a l

7、ot of work to do,he is often the last one to leave the office after work分詞短語The girl playing the violin is his younger sister.定語從句This is the new dictionary which I bought yesterday.8;.狀語修飾形容詞、副詞或全句的成分是狀語。修飾形容的狀語通常放在所修飾的詞之前，修飾動(dòng)詞珠狀語通常放在動(dòng)詞之后但有些副詞如（often, usually ,always等）作狀語時(shí)，則放在行為動(dòng)詞之前。副詞、介詞短語、名詞詞組、動(dòng)詞不定式短語、分詞短語和狀語從句都可用作狀語。9;.副詞He knows how to teach English properly介詞短語His father often to go out to do some shopping on Sundays名詞詞組He will leave for Shanghai the day after tomorrow 動(dòng)詞不定式Man sent rockets into oute