人教版高中高一英語必修4(四)各單元重點(diǎn)知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納最新可打印版

1、人教版高中高一英語必修 4 （四）各單元重點(diǎn)知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納Unitl Women of achievement重要詞匯拓展1. welfare n福利事業(yè)，福利2. achievement n. 成就，功績(jī)一 achieve v. 達(dá)到，完成，實(shí)現(xiàn)3. specialist n. 專家， 專業(yè)工作者 f special adj. 特殊的， 專門的 f specialize vi. 專 攻，專門從事4. project n. 方案，計(jì)劃,，設(shè)計(jì)，工程，企業(yè)，事業(yè)，科研項(xiàng)目；課外自修項(xiàng)目vi.伸出，突出設(shè)想自已處身于（into）5. connection n.連接，關(guān)系 connect v. 連接6.

2、 condition n.狀況（不可數(shù)），條件（可數(shù)），環(huán)境（復(fù)數(shù)）on no condition 決 不7. organization n.組織，機(jī)構(gòu)，團(tuán)體organize vt.組織；籌備，成立；使加入工會(huì)， 使有條理8. behave v. 舉止，表現(xiàn)一 behavior n. 行為，舉止9. shade n.陰涼處v.遮住光線10. worthwhile adj.值得的，值得做的It is worthwhile doing sth./ to dosth.worth adj. 值, 值得 be worth doingworthy adj. 值得做的，可尊敬的be worthy of st

3、h/ being donebe worthy to be done11. observe v. 觀察，觀測(cè)，遵守一observation n. 觀察，觀測(cè)12. respect v./n. 尊敬，尊重，敬意一 respectable adj.值得尊敬的，正派的，體面地一 respectful adj.有禮貌的，恭敬的13. argue .v. 爭(zhēng)論，辯論一 argument n. 爭(zhēng)論，辯論 argued-adj引起爭(zhēng)論的14. entertainment-n 款待，娛樂 entertain-v 款待；招待，娛樂，抱有，懷著（想 法、疑問）15. crowd n. 人群，觀眾 v.擠滿，使擁擠

4、一 crowded adj. 擁擠的16. inspire v. 鼓舞，激發(fā)一 inspired adj.受到鼓舞的，有靈感的一 inspiring adj. 鼓舞人的一 inspiration n. 鼓舞，靈感17. support v. 支持，擁護(hù)一 supporter n.支持者，擁護(hù)者18. refer-vi 談到，查閱，參考1.1 intend v. 計(jì)劃，打算一 intention n. 打算，目的，意圖20 .considerate adj. 考慮周到的一 consider v. 考慮，認(rèn)為f consideration n 考慮，體諒 considering prep考慮至U2

5、1 .kind adj仁慈的，和善白友愛的 kindness-n仁慈，好意，善良22 .deliver v. 遞送，生（小孩），接生，發(fā)表（演講等）一 delivery n.投遞，交貨， 分娩23 .modest adj謙虛的，謙讓的，適度的重點(diǎn)短語梳理1 devote to （doing） sth. 把奉獻(xiàn)給 devote oneself to 致力于，獻(xiàn)身于 be devoted to 專心致志于2 human beings 人類3 move off 離開，啟程，出發(fā)4 lead a life過著的生活5 crowd in涌上心頭，涌入腦海6 look down on/ upon 蔑視，瞧

6、不起7 refer to 查閱，參考，談到（其中，to為介詞）8 by chance 碰巧，湊巧9 . come across 偶遇，碰見10 . carry on 繼續(xù)，堅(jiān)持 carry out 實(shí)行，執(zhí)行，完成11 . be dressed in 穿著一 dress as 打扮成 12 .fight for 為而戰(zhàn) fight against 與戰(zhàn)斗13 .put to death 判死刑14 . concern oneself with關(guān)注 注意一在.一的樹蔭下，在 的庇護(hù)下s degree得博士學(xué)位被看做.采取步驟做某事做方面的研究1.1 intend to do sth./ doin

7、g sth.打算做某事16 . in the shade of17 .gain doctor18 . be considered as19 .take turns to do sth20 .do research on21 .mean to do打算做某事mean doing 意味著22 . by now 直到現(xiàn)在重點(diǎn)句型再現(xiàn)1 She spent years observing and recording their daily activities.她花去多年的時(shí)間觀察和記錄它們的日?；顒?dòng)。（spend+ 時(shí)間/金錢+doing sth花時(shí)間或金錢去做某事）2 Only after her

8、 mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.她的母親頭幾個(gè)月來幫過她的忙；這才使她得以開始自己的計(jì)劃。（only位于句首并修飾狀語，句子要發(fā)生部分倒裝，將助動(dòng)詞或聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞置于主語之 前）3 Following Jane ' s way of studing chimps , our group are all going to visit them in the forest.我們一行人將按照 Jane研究猩猩的方法去森林里拜訪他們。（-ing作方式狀語。注

9、意非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語時(shí)的區(qū)別：-ing主動(dòng)/進(jìn)行/延續(xù)，-ed被動(dòng)/過去，to do主動(dòng)/將來）4 .It seemed that she had been very busy in her chosen carrer travellingabroad to study as well as writing books and articles看起來她忙于所選擇的和寫作一樣的到國(guó)外研究。（It seemed that+從句：似乎是，看起來好像是。as well as 還有）5.What made her succeed later on was the kindness and consider

10、ation she showed to all her patients后來使她成功的是她對(duì)所有病人獻(xiàn)出的愛心和體貼。（What made her succeed主語從句。了解 what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句的譯法，明白它們?cè)诰渲械某煞郑鹤髦髡Z、賓語、表語、同位語）語法剖析（主謂一致）主謂一致，指人稱和數(shù)方面的一致關(guān)系。分為：語法一致，內(nèi)容一致，就近一致。（一）語法一致原則：即主語為單數(shù)，謂語用單數(shù)，主語為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語也用復(fù)數(shù)。以下為注 意事項(xiàng)：象），but （除1.單數(shù)主語即使后面帶有with , along with, together with, like(了）,except, besides,

11、 as well as, no less than, rather than（而不是），including, inaddition to 引導(dǎo)的短語，謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)。 如：Air as well as water is matter.空氣和水都是物質(zhì)。 No one except two servants was late for the dinner.除了兩個(gè)仆人外，沒有一個(gè)人遲來用餐。2 .用and連接的并列主語，如果主語是同一個(gè)人，同一事，同一概念，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)， 否則用復(fù)數(shù)。如：The poet and writer has come.那位詩人兼作家來了 .（ 一個(gè)人）A hamm

12、er and a saw are useful tools.錘子和鋸都是有用的工具.（兩樣物）用and連接的成對(duì)名詞習(xí)慣上被看成是一個(gè)整體，如:bread and butter（黃油抹面包），knife and fork（ 刀叉）等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。3 .不定式（短語），動(dòng)名詞（短語），或從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).如： Serving the people is my great happiness.為人民服務(wù)是我最大的幸福.When we ' ll go out for an outing has been decided.我們什么時(shí)候出去郊游已決定了。4 .用連接的并列

13、主語被each, every 或no修飾時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming.每個(gè)男孩和每個(gè)女孩都喜歡去游泳.No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting.沒有老師也沒有學(xué)生開會(huì)缺席.Each man and （each） woman is asked to help.每個(gè)男人和每個(gè)女人都被請(qǐng)去幫忙。5 . each of +復(fù)數(shù)代詞，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).復(fù)數(shù)彳t詞+each,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).如：Each of us has something to say.我們

14、每個(gè)人者B有話要說。6.若主語中有 more than one 或many a/an ,盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù)，但它的謂語動(dòng)許多男生都喜歡打籃球詞仍用單數(shù)。 但more+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+than one 做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞仍用復(fù)數(shù).如：Many a boy likes playing basketball.More than one student was late.不只一個(gè)學(xué)生遲到More persons than one come to help us.不止一個(gè)人來幫助我們。7. none做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)，也可用復(fù)數(shù)；但在代表不可數(shù)的東西時(shí)總是 看作單數(shù)，因而謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù).如： No

15、ne of us are (is) perfect.人無完人。None of this worries me.這事一點(diǎn)不使我著急。8. 名詞如：trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses等作主語時(shí) , 謂語動(dòng)詞必須用復(fù)數(shù).如：His clothes are good.但這些名詞前若出現(xiàn)a pair of ,謂語一般用單數(shù).如：A pair of glasses is on the desk.桌上有副眼鏡。9. 形復(fù)意單名詞如：news ; 以ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱如：physics, mathematics, economics; 國(guó)名如：the Un

16、ited States;報(bào)紙名如：the New Times; 書名如：Arabian Night < 天方夜談 >以及The United Nations< 聯(lián)合國(guó) > 等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng) 詞用單數(shù)。10. "a 名詞+and a half ","one and a half名詞"，"the number of + 名詞”等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù).如：Only one and a half apples is left on the table.注意：one or two + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如

17、：One or two places have been visited.參觀了 一兩個(gè)地點(diǎn)。(二)內(nèi)容一致原則：1.主語中有all, half, most, the rest 等，以及“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞單 復(fù)數(shù)取決于連用的名詞.如：The rest of the bikes are on sale today.剩下的自行車，今天出售。60%of the apple was eaten by little boy.這個(gè)蘋果的 60% 都被這個(gè)小男孩吃了。Most of the apples were rotten.大部分的蘋果都是爛的。Most of the apple

18、was eaten by a rat.這個(gè)蘋果的大部分被老鼠吃了。2 . 不定數(shù)量的詞組 , 如:part of, a lot of , lots of, one of, a number of, plentyof等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于量詞后面名詞的數(shù) .如：A part of the textbooks have arrived.一小部分教科書已運(yùn)到。A part of the apple has been eaten up by the pig.這個(gè)蘋果的一部分被豬吃光了。3 .加減乘除用單數(shù).如：Fifteen minus five is ten .15 減去 5 等于 10

19、。4 .表示時(shí)間，金錢，距離，度量等的名詞做主語時(shí)，盡管是復(fù)數(shù)形式，它們做為一個(gè) 單一的概念時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).如：Ten miles is a good distance.十英里是一個(gè)相當(dāng)?shù)木嚯x。5 .(1) 通常作復(fù)數(shù)的集體名詞.包才police , people, cattle 等，這些集體名詞通常 用作復(fù)數(shù).如：The British police have only very limited powers.(2)通常作不可數(shù)名詞的集體名詞.包才e equipment, furniture, clothing, luggageI(3) 可作單數(shù)也可作復(fù)數(shù)的集體名詞.包括 audien

20、ce, committee, government,family, enemy, group, party, team, public等.如：The committee has/have decided to dismiss him.委員會(huì)決定解雇他。6. the + 形容詞/過去分詞形式”表示一類人或事物，作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù).如: The injured were saved after the fire.(三)就近原則1 .由here, there, where等引導(dǎo)的倒裝句中，(有時(shí)主語不止一個(gè)時(shí))謂語動(dòng)詞與靠近它的主語在數(shù)上一致.如：Here comes the bus公共汽車來

21、了 .Here is a pen and some pieces of paper for you.給你支鋼筆和幾張紙。Where is your wife and children to stay while you are away?你不在這兒的時(shí)候，你愛人和孩子在哪兒呆呢？2 .用連詞 or, either. or, neither.nor, not only等:iibUeWoU主語，謂語動(dòng)詞與靠近它的主語在數(shù)上一致。如：Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it學(xué)生和老師都不知道這事.He or you ha

22、ve taken my pen.他或你拿了我的鋼筆。注意：one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞+who/that/which引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，定語從句的動(dòng)詞為復(fù)數(shù)。如：Mary is one of those people who keep pets.瑪麗是飼養(yǎng)寵物者之一。The only one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ who/that./which引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，定語從句的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為單數(shù)。Mary is the only one of those people who keeps pets.瑪麗是唯個(gè)飼養(yǎng)寵物的人。Units 2 Working the land重要詞匯拓展1 sunburn v. 日曬

23、，曬黑一 sunburnt adj. 曬黑的2 struggle v./n. 掙才L, 奮斗，努力 struggle against struggle for struggle with3 decade n. 十年，十年期4 super n.冗員，額外人員；口特級(jí)品，特大號(hào)商品；超級(jí)市場(chǎng)adj特級(jí)的，極好的， 非凡的5 . hunger n. 饑餓，渴望/v.使饑餓一 hungry adj.饑餓的；渴望的6 .output n. 產(chǎn)量，出，input 輸入，消費(fèi)7 .disturbingadj引起煩惱的，令人不安的， disturb v.打擾，麻煩8 .expand vt. 擴(kuò)大，擴(kuò)展，張開，

24、使發(fā)，詳談；引伸9 . circulate v.循環(huán)，流通 circulation n. 循環(huán)，流傳10 . battle n. 戰(zhàn)役，戰(zhàn)斗 v.搏斗，奮斗11 . therefore adv. 因此，所以12 . rid vt 擺脫，除去13 .freedom n自由，自主一 free adj自由的，免費(fèi)的14 .equip v. 配備，裝備 equipment n. 設(shè)備15 . export v. 輸出，出口 n.輸出（品）一 import v. 輸入，進(jìn)口 n.進(jìn)口（品）16 .nationality n 國(guó)籍，national adj 國(guó)家的，民族的 nation n.國(guó)家17 oc

25、cupationn工作，職業(yè)，占領(lǐng)occupy v.占用，使從事，把注意力集中于.占領(lǐng)，占據(jù)18 .confuse v.使迷惑，使為難一 confused adj. 感到迷惑的 confusing adj. 令人迷惑的19 regret v./n.后悔，遺憾一 regretful adj.后悔的，遺憾的20.productionn.生產(chǎn)，制造，productive可生產(chǎn)的，可制造的，produce 生產(chǎn)，制造21.discoveryn.發(fā)現(xiàn)，發(fā)覺，discover-v 發(fā)現(xiàn),22.focus v.集中，聚焦，n焦點(diǎn)，中心點(diǎn)23. reduce v.減少，縮減一 reductionn.減少，縮減

26、24 comment n./v. 評(píng)論，議論重點(diǎn)短語梳理1 if not 如果不. If so如果這樣，2 .consider oneself sth 自認(rèn)為是 consider sb sth認(rèn)為某人是 3 .since then從那時(shí)起4 .search for a way to do sth尋找做某事的途徑。5 .thanks to 幸虧，由于，因?yàn)?（to為介詞）6 .rid of 擺脫，除去 get rid of 除去7 . be satisfied with 對(duì)感到滿意8 would rather do than do 寧愿，寧可 也不 二would do rather than d

27、o9with the hope of滿懷希望.1.1 in some way在某種程度上11. cause damage to 對(duì)一 造成危害。12. build up 增強(qiáng)，強(qiáng)大13. lead to 導(dǎo)致，造成（to為介詞）14. focus on 集中（注意力、精力等）于15. keepfrom/of 使免受（影響、傷害等）重點(diǎn)句型再現(xiàn)1. Dr Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice.袁隆平博士種植的是被稱為超級(jí)雜交水稻”的稻種。（what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句在句中作賓語）2. The special strain of r

28、ice makes it possible to produce one-third more ofthe crop in the same field. 這種特殊的稻種使得同樣的田地多收獲三分之一的產(chǎn)量。（makes it possible 中it為形式賓語，to do不定式短語為真正賓語）3. It ' s a great pity that 很遺憾的是 .4. Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvest twice as large as before.由于使用了他的雜質(zhì)水稻，農(nóng)民的豐收是以前的兩倍。（-ing動(dòng)詞短語

29、作原因狀語）語法剖析（非謂語動(dòng)詞-動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作主語和賓語）一、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語常用來表示經(jīng)常性和習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。 動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語通常 放在句首，謂語用單數(shù)形式。例如： Listening to music is my sister ' s hobby.動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語時(shí)，為了保持句子平衡，可以用 it作形式主語。常用的結(jié)構(gòu)：1. It is + no use / no good / useless etc.+ v-ing2. It is + nice / good / interesting / a waste of-ingOfl + v

30、It is no use crying over spilt milk.二、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語動(dòng)詞-ing形式既可作動(dòng)詞的賓語，又可作介詞的賓語。1 .以下動(dòng)詞或短語只接動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語：admit, avoid, appreciate, consider, enjoy, escape, finish, keep, mind, miss, suggest 等動(dòng)詞；can ' t stand, give up, feel like, keep on, think of, set about, dream of等短語。2 .在下列短語中，to是介詞，后面應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語

31、：be / get used to, look forward to, devote to, pay attention to, object to等。3 .下列動(dòng)詞或短語既可以跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語，也可以跟不定式作賓語，但意義上有區(qū)別： like, love, prefer如表示經(jīng)常性的行為后接動(dòng)詞-ing形式；如表示具體的行為常用動(dòng)詞不定式，但要注意：如果like, love, prefer 前有would ,后面則接動(dòng)詞不定式。如：Would you like to go shopping with me?下列幾組，接動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語和不定式作賓語含義不同：forget doi

32、ng忘記已做過某事；forget to do忘記要做某事remember doingt己得做過某事；remember to dot己住要做某事mean doing意思是，意味著； mean to do 打算做regret doing后悔做過某事； regret to do遺憾要做某事can ' t help doing 禁不住做；can ' t help (to) do 不能幫忙做。在allow, permit, advise等動(dòng)詞后直接跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語，如果這些詞后面有名詞或代詞作賓語，其后要用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。如：We don ' t allow sm

33、oking in the classroom.We don ' t aow students to smoke.動(dòng)詞need, require, want 作 需要”解時(shí)，其后用動(dòng)詞-ing的主動(dòng)形式或不定式的 被動(dòng)形式作賓語，這時(shí)動(dòng)詞-ing的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。如：Your coat wants washing. = Your coat wants to be washed.三、動(dòng)詞-ing的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)詞-ing的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)即：物主代詞或名詞所有格(作賓語時(shí)也可以用代詞賓格或名詞普通格)+ 動(dòng)詞-ing 。如：Lucy ' s turning up surpris ed ev

34、eryone present.Would you mind my / me using your mobile phone?四、動(dòng)詞-ing的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)以及否定形式動(dòng)詞-ing有一般式(doing) 和完成式(having done) 兩種時(shí)態(tài)，一般式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)是 being done ,完成式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)是 having been done 。動(dòng)詞-ing的完成式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前。動(dòng)詞-ing的否定形式是在 doing 之前加not 。例如：I ' m sorry for not having told you the news earlier.Unit 3 A t

35、aste of English humour重要詞匯拓展1 humour n.幽默-humorous adj. 幽默的2 content adj.滿足的，滿意的 n.滿足；內(nèi)容 v.使?jié)M足3 performer n.表演者， 演出者 perform v. 表演； 做，履行， 執(zhí)行 performancen.表演，履行4 astonish v.使驚訝一 astonishing adj.令人驚訝的 astonished adj.感到驚訝的5 fortunate adj.幸運(yùn)白勺- fortune v. 幸運(yùn)，運(yùn)氣 fortunately adv.幸運(yùn)地unfortunately adv. 不幸地6

36、 depressed adj.憂傷的，抑郁的，消沉的，蕭條的depress-v 使消沉，使沮喪，愁苦, 使貶值，7 .ordinary adj.平常的，普通的8.bored adj.9.entertain v.厭煩的一 bore v.使厭煩一 boring adj. 令人厭煩的使歡樂，款待一 entertainment n. 款待；娛樂，消遣服的10. throughout11.homeless12.worn adj13. overcome v.14. convince v.prep.遍及，貫穿 adv.到處，始終，全部adj無家可歸的,用舊的，用壞的，破爛的戰(zhàn)勝，克服使信服convincin

37、g adj.令人信服的一 convinced adj. 相信的，信15. direct v. 導(dǎo)演，指示，指才i adj.直的,直接的一 director n. 導(dǎo)演，指揮一 directlyadv.直地，直接地一 direction n. 指導(dǎo)，方向16.enjoyment n享樂，歡樂，樂趣".outstanding adj. 突出的，杰出的，顯著的18 .particular adj. 特殊的，特別的一 particularly adv.特殊地，特別地19 occasion n.時(shí)亥L 場(chǎng)合 occasional adj.偶爾的， 臨時(shí)的f occasionally adv.偶

38、爾地，有時(shí)地20 . slide v./n. 滑動(dòng)，滑行21 .amuse v. 使發(fā)笑，使愉快一 amused adj.愉快的一 amusing adj.逗人發(fā)笑的，令人愉快的一 amusement n. 愉快，快樂22 . whisper v./n. 耳語，低聲說23 、react v.做出反應(yīng)，回應(yīng)一 reaction n. 反應(yīng)，回應(yīng)重點(diǎn)短語梳理1 . break into 闖入，進(jìn)入2 . up to now直到現(xiàn)在3 . brighten the lives of照亮某人的生活道路4 . feel/be content with 對(duì)滿足5 . badly off 窮的，缺少的6 .

39、 in search of 尋找 .7 . pick out 挑選出，辨認(rèn)出8 . on the edge of 在 邊沿9 . cut off 切斷，斷絕10 . in silence 沉默，不作聲11 . make use of 使用12 .be angry about 對(duì)很生氣13 .star in擔(dān)任主角，主演重點(diǎn)句型再現(xiàn)1. He made people laugh at a time when they felt depressed, so they could feel more content with their lives.在人們感到沮喪的時(shí)候，卓別林使他們開懷大笑，于是人

40、們對(duì)自己的生活感到比較滿 足。2 No one was ever bored watching himhis subtle acting made everythingentertaining.看他的表演沒有人會(huì)感到無聊一一他巧妙的表演使得一切都那么滑稽可笑。3 Instead they are hiding in a small hut on the edge of a mountian during a snowstorm with nothing to eat.相反，他們被暴風(fēng)雪困在山邊的一個(gè)小木屋中，沒有任 何東西可吃。（with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作伴隨狀語）語法剖析（動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作定語

41、、表語和補(bǔ)語）一、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語1 .表示主語白內(nèi)容，可以轉(zhuǎn)換到句首作主語Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.（= keeping thelecture hall as clean as possible is her job）她的工作是盡量使報(bào)告廳保持干凈。2 .表示主語具有的特征、性質(zhì)和狀態(tài)（動(dòng)詞ing相當(dāng)一個(gè)形容詞）The problem is quite puzzling.這個(gè)問題很令困惑。3 .常用來作表語的現(xiàn)在分詞有astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappoi

42、nting,boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising等。全析提示：動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語時(shí)，其邏輯主語往往是句子中的主語，但用作表語的-ing形式也可帶有自己的邏輯主語。What worries me most is her staying too late every night.（staying toolate every night的邏輯主語是 her）二、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語1單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞-ing形式可以作前置定語，一般具有兩種含義。閱覽室說明被修飾名詞的用途和性能。跑鞋工作方法a r

43、eading room = a room which is used for readingrunning shoes =shoes for runninga working method =a method for working 表示所修飾的人或物的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),在意思上接近一個(gè)定語從句，可以表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，也可表示經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作或當(dāng)時(shí)的狀態(tài)。developing countries = countries that are developing發(fā)展中國(guó)家an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary看起來很普通的房a puzz

44、ling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody困擾人的問題2作定語白動(dòng)詞-ing形式如是一個(gè)短語，則應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面，做后置定語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。They lived in a house facing south.(=which is facing south)他們住在一所朝南的房子里。Do you know the boy playing basket?(=Who is playing basket)你認(rèn)識(shí)在打籃球的那個(gè)男孩嗎?The man visiting Japan (=the man who is visiting Japan

45、) is my uncle正在訪問日本的那個(gè)男人是我的叔叔。三、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓補(bǔ)1、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語常放在賓語后面，表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)性的動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)過程或一種狀態(tài)。When we returned, we found a stranger standing in front of the house.2、當(dāng)主句轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，原來作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞-ing形式便轉(zhuǎn)換為主語補(bǔ)足They found the film very exciting. = The film is found very exciting.3、能用-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的幾類動(dòng)詞：1）表示感覺

46、和心理狀態(tài)的感官動(dòng)詞，（常見的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice,observe, look at, listen to 等）+ sb + doing sth （作賓補(bǔ)）I felt somebody standing behind me.2）表示指使意義的動(dòng)詞使役動(dòng)詞，（常見的有have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等）+sb/ sth + doing sth （作賓補(bǔ)）We kept the fire burning all night long.我們讓火整夜燃燒著。I won ' t have you runn

47、ing about in the room.我不允許你在房間里跑來跑去。4、see, hear, feel, watch等動(dòng)詞之后用-ing形式和動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的區(qū)別：We heard the telephone ring.We heard the telephone ringing.前者表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，后者表示（或強(qiáng)調(diào)）動(dòng)作的全過程。Unit4 Body language重要詞匯拓展1 . statement; n. 陳述；說明state-vt.陳述；敘述；聲明2 .greet-v 問候，迎接，打招呼greeting-n敬禮，致意 greetings問候語，致詞3 .represe

48、nt-v. 代表，象征 representative -n. 代表4. association; n.社團(tuán)；聯(lián)系；聯(lián)想 associate;vt.使發(fā)生聯(lián)系,使聯(lián)合adj.associated 聯(lián)合的，關(guān)聯(lián)的5. curious adj. 好奇的 curiously adv. 好奇地6. dormitory-n 宿舍7. approach; vi.&vt. 接近； 靠近 n.接近； 方法； 途徑 .approachable -adj. 可至U 達(dá)的；可親近的8. defend -vt. 保護(hù)；保衛(wèi) defense- n. 防衛(wèi)；防衛(wèi)設(shè)備；防御9. major-adj. 主要的 mino

49、r -adj.較小的；次要的10. . dash-v 猛沖，突進(jìn).1.misunderstand -vt. 誤解；誤會(huì) misunderstanding -n. 誤解；誤會(huì) understanding -n. 諒解,理解12. adult-n 成人，成年人 adj成人的，成熟的13. spoken- adj. 口語的 unspoken-adj. 非口語的；未說出口的14. function-n作用，動(dòng)能，只能 v-起作用，運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)15. likely- adj.可能的16 .false -adj錯(cuò)誤的，假的true 真的，正確的17 .ease-n. 安逸；舒適vt.減輕（痛苦；憂慮） easef

50、ul-adj. 舒適的，安逸的18 . truly- adv.真實(shí)地；真誠(chéng)地；真正地 true-adj. 真實(shí)的，真正的19 . anger- n. 怒氣；怒火 angry- adj. 生氣的重點(diǎn)短語梳理1. defend against 保衛(wèi) 以免受2.intruduce sb to sb向某人介紹某人3.kiss sb on some part親吻某人的某個(gè)部位4.in defence 防御，保障5.together with與某人一起6 .be likely to 很可能一；有希望 7 .reach one ' s hand out to sth 把手伸出來取某物8 .on th

51、e contrary 相反9 .nod at sb 向某人點(diǎn)頭10 .greet sb with/by 通過向某人問候11 .express one ' s feeling表達(dá)某人的感情12 . in general總的來說；通常13 .at a job fair在求職會(huì)上14 .be nervous about 對(duì)一 感到緊張15 . at ease 舒適；快活；自由自在16 . lose face 丟臉17 .turn one' s back t消對(duì)；背棄18 .turn one' s head away把頭轉(zhuǎn)過去19 .be willing to 渴望.，愿意.2

52、0 . look upset about sth.感到沮喪重點(diǎn)句型再現(xiàn)1. I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously.我看見幾個(gè)年輕人走進(jìn)了等候區(qū)，好奇地向四周張望。2. The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closelyfollowed by Julia Smith from Britain.第一個(gè)到達(dá)的是從哥倫比亞來的托尼？加西亞,隨后緊跟著的是英國(guó)的茱莉亞？史密斯。3. She stepped back

53、 appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in defense.她后退了幾步，看上去有些吃驚，并舉起了手，好像是在自衛(wèi)。4. Not all cultures greet each other the same way, Nor are theycomfortable in the same way withtouching or distance between people.各種文化背景下的人互致問候的方式不盡相同，身體接觸和相互間距的程度也不盡相同。5. We can often be wrong about each other, so it is an amazing