英語各句子成分

1、英語句子成分Office of WPSProfessor Laura Amrkhoul,2012英語的英語的 5 種基本句型種基本句型一、主語一、主語+謂語謂語二、主語二、主語+謂語謂語+賓語賓語三、主語三、主語+謂語謂語+間接賓語間接賓語+直接賓語直接賓語 I give him a book.四、主語四、主語+謂語謂語+賓語賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語賓語補(bǔ)足語 I want you to go with me.五、五、主語主語+系動詞系動詞+表語表語 It smells good. She is a teacher.主語主語+謂語謂語+賓語賓語英語的英語的 8 大句子成分大句子成分主語：subject

2、謂語：predicate賓語：object direct object (直接賓語) indirect object (間接賓語）定語：attributive狀語：adverbial補(bǔ)語：object complement表語：predicative同位語：appositive主語、謂語、賓語主語、謂語、賓語subject predicateobjectdirect object (直接賓語)indirect object (間接賓語）The pretty girl sings songs on the stage every Sunday.Mum bought my sister a pre

3、sent. The sun gives us light and warmth. 主語主語謂語謂語 賓語賓語間接賓語間接賓語 直接賓語直接賓語間接賓語間接賓語直接賓語直接賓語表語表語predicative定義：系動詞后面的成分叫作表語。定義：系動詞后面的成分叫作表語。一、狀態(tài)系動詞用來表示主語狀態(tài)，只有be一詞。He is a teacher. These desks are yellow.I am all right.We are happy now.二、持續(xù)系動詞用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep, remain, stay, stand。He always kept s

4、ilent at meeting. This matter remains a mystery. I cant stay awake any longer.The house stands empty for a long time.三、表像系動詞用來表示“看起來像”這一概念，主要有seem, appear, look。He looks tired. He seems (to be) very sad. 四、感官系動詞感官系動詞主要有feel, smell, sound, taste。This kind of cloth feels very soft.This flower smells v

5、ery sweet.五、變化系動詞這些系動詞表示主語變成什么樣，變化系動詞主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run。He became mad after that. She grew rich within a short time.六、終止系動詞表示主語已終止動作，主要有prove, turn out, 表達(dá)“證實”“變成”之意。The rumor proved false. The search proved difficult. His plan turned out a success.同位語同位語appositiveMr. Sm

6、ith, our new teacher, is very kind to us.Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brothers.He told me that his brother John was a world-famous doctor.We Chinese people are brave and hard-working.定語定語attributive一、介詞短語定語一、介詞短語定語The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.The boy in blue is Tom.There are

7、two boys of 9, and three of 10.二、形容詞定語所有的形容詞，只要后面加名詞，都是定語。She is a beautiful girl.You are all hard-working students.三、名詞定語The boy needs a ball pen.The woman doctor is my mother.四、副詞定語The boy there needs a pen.The best boy here is Tom.Read the paragraph below.We had to get off and take the bus behind

8、.五、不定式定語The boy to write this letter needs a pen.There is nothing to do today.He is the best man to do the job.六、分詞定語The smiling boy needs the pen bought by his mother.We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions.They built a highway leading into the mountains. The swimming pool is over ther

9、e.七、定語從句 I like the book that / which Tom is reading. Henry is the boy who / that is reading a book. We are helping the man whose car had broken down. He is the man whom / that I saw yesterday. I used to play with him in the years when I lived in the countryside. It is the reason why he didnt go to

10、school. I like the village where I spent my childhood.狀語狀語adverbial一、時間狀語She is to be married next month. 她預(yù)定在下個月結(jié)婚。Ill meet you at 4 oclock. 我將在4點(diǎn)鐘和你見面。A lot of students missed my lecture yesterday. 昨天許多學(xué)生誤了我的課。二、地點(diǎn)狀語I first met him in Paris. 我初次見到他是在巴黎。注：地點(diǎn)狀語除表位置外，還可以表“出發(fā)”“去向”“距離”等。如：Are you glad

11、to be going back to school? 返回學(xué)校你感到高興嗎? They lived many miles from the town. 他們住的地方離鎮(zhèn)子好幾英里遠(yuǎn)。三、方面狀語She is very weak in physics. 她物理很不行。China is very rich in natural resources. 中國自然資源豐富。This is better in every way than that. 這個在哪一方面都比那個要好。The bridge is 2500 meters in length and 150 meters in height. 這

12、座橋長2500米，高150米。四、原因狀語He was surprised at what she said. 聽到她說的話，他很吃驚。He succeeded by hard work. 他由于努力工作而成功。He was sent to prison for robbery. 他因為搶劫而坐牢。五、結(jié)果狀語He talked his wife into buying a car. 他說服他妻子買一輛小汽車。It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that country. 大雨滂沱，造成了那個國家洪水泛濫。六、目的狀語They went

13、out for a walk. 他們出去散步了。He stood aside for her to pass. 他靠邊站讓她過去。He cupped his ear to hear better. 他的手捂著耳朵，以便聽得更清楚。七、條件狀語Can you see without your glasses? 你不戴眼鏡能看得清東西嗎？United, we stand；divided, we fall. 團(tuán)結(jié)則存，分裂則亡。With more money I would be able to buy it. 錢多一點(diǎn)的話，我就買得起。八、讓步狀語For all his money, hes a

14、very lonely man. 他雖然富有，可是非常寂寞。Carol went to work in spite of feeling ill. 卡洛爾盡管感到不舒服仍去上了班。九、程度狀語I dont like coffee very much. 我不太喜歡咖啡。To a great extent, it is not fair. 在很大程度上，這是不公平的。The system which is used in this school is very successful. 這個學(xué)校所施行的制度是非常成功的。十、方式狀語We came on the bus. 我們坐公共汽車來的。You

15、must pay the bill in cash. 你必須用現(xiàn)金付賬。I watched the game on television. 我在電視上收看了那場比賽。十一、伴隨狀語I slept with the window open. 我開著窗睡覺。She said good-bye with tears in her eyes. 她含著淚水說再見。He ran up to her breathing heavily. 他氣喘吁吁地跑到她跟前。十二、比較狀語Lesson Two is not as difficult as Lesson One.Our class is bigger th

16、an yours.十三、評注性狀語To be honest, I dont like him at all.老實說，我根本不喜歡他。Generally speaking, men can run faster than women. 一般說來，男人比女人跑得快一些。Perhaps it will, perhaps it wont.也許會，也許不會。補(bǔ)語補(bǔ)語object complement定義：置于賓語之后補(bǔ)充說明賓語定義：置于賓語之后補(bǔ)充說明賓語的的叫做賓語補(bǔ)語。叫做賓語補(bǔ)語。一、不定式 Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父親不讓我們在街上玩耍。 We believe him to be guilty. 我們認(rèn)為他是有罪的。 We made him copy the sentence. He is made to copy the sentence. 二、名詞 At the meeting we elected him monitor. At the meeting we elected him a new monitor. I think your brother a clever boy. 三、形容詞 What you said made Xiao Wang angry. I found t