初中英語 語法填空解題方法

1、題型概說題型概說時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)態(tài)語語態(tài)態(tài)非非謂謂語語動動詞詞情情態(tài)態(tài)動動詞詞動動詞詞詞詞組組連連詞詞從從句句副副詞詞代代詞詞冠冠詞詞介介詞詞倒倒裝裝 習(xí)習(xí)語語交交際際用用語語2004211 1 1 3 1 1 1 12200522 11 2 2 1 112200622 11 2 1 112 2常用的動詞與動詞搭配常用的動詞與動詞搭配時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)態(tài)語語態(tài)態(tài)非非謂謂語語動動詞詞情情態(tài)態(tài)動動詞詞動動詞詞詞詞組組連連詞詞從從句句副副詞詞代代詞詞冠冠詞詞介介詞詞倒倒裝裝 習(xí)習(xí)語語交交際際用用語語200720071 11 12 21 1 2 2 1 1 1 11 1解題技巧 在做語法填空題時(shí),可以用一種 “自上而下”

2、的思路去思考答案。即可以從 “篇章，句子，詞匯”三個(gè)層面去考慮。 一、整體了解文章主旨，把握語篇特征一、整體了解文章主旨，把握語篇特征 二、理解句子意思，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)二、理解句子意思，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu) 三、根據(jù)篇、句意思，推敲用詞形式三、根據(jù)篇、句意思，推敲用詞形式 四、通篇重讀，保證語意貫通四、通篇重讀，保證語意貫通五、單詞歸納五、單詞歸納整體了解文章主旨，把握語篇特征 1、文章主旨要義理解，2、作者觀點(diǎn)、意圖、立場3、句與句之間的關(guān)系 正確理解上下文的意思及各種語篇標(biāo)志。（因果關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系等）4、時(shí)態(tài)變換 首先要通讀文章,了解文段中談及的要點(diǎn)發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、人物及其關(guān)系等,

3、文章的意思決定了選詞。 其次,要通過字里行間的意思推斷作者的觀點(diǎn)、意圖、立場,如:作者同意什么,反對什么,喜好什么,憎惡什么,主張什么等等,這種理解直接影響你的填詞決定。 句與句之間的關(guān)系是另一重要方面。你必須要正確理解上下文的意思及各種語篇標(biāo)志。例如:上下文是如何銜接的,上下文的意思是因果關(guān)系,還是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、或是遞進(jìn)關(guān)系等。 最后是你做題前,要特別關(guān)注整篇文章的時(shí)態(tài)變換。要把有關(guān)的表示時(shí)空順序的標(biāo)志詞及時(shí)間狀語畫出來,看看是否發(fā)生了變化,為什么發(fā)生變化。理解句子意思，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu) 了解文章整體意思后,必須看清各個(gè)句子的意思,尤其是含有空格的句子的意思。 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)是答題過程中很關(guān)鍵的一步。

4、一個(gè)句子的最關(guān)鍵詞是它的主要謂語動詞及其相應(yīng)主語,這一套主謂結(jié)構(gòu)就是該句的主句。其他成分,如賓語、表語、補(bǔ)語、狀語、定語等都是附加成分。 做題時(shí)，首先弄清楚句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)，確定“主謂賓”成分，看看該句子缺不缺少謂語動詞。然后再考慮非謂語動詞或者其他擴(kuò)展成分。此外，我們還可以用其他方法來分析句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，確定填什么詞。1）翻譯提示法 有時(shí)候,對句子的翻譯會大大提高我們的正確答題率,如: an Jumping out of _ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite_ exciting experience. 從一萬英尺高的一架飛機(jī)上跳下來是一次非常令人興奮的經(jīng)

5、歷。 an Which do you enjoy _(spend) your spare time, playing cards at home or taking a walk in the park? 分析: 此句根據(jù)意群可分成Which do you enjoy 及_your spare time和playing cards at home or taking a walk in the park三塊, enjoy的賓語是 playing cards at home or taking a walk in the park,而_your spare time部分應(yīng)該是一個(gè)表示目的不定式。

6、2）意群切分法 意群就是句子中根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系和語法結(jié)構(gòu),有一定獨(dú)立性的,可以切割開的更小的部分。解題時(shí),將句子的意群分離清楚并理順其邏輯關(guān)系,有助于確定正確答案。如:Which do you enjoy _(spend) your spare time, playing cards at home or taking a walk in the park?to spendenjoy doing sth The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ (carry out) the next year.3）結(jié)構(gòu)還原法 由于

7、漢英結(jié)構(gòu)的差別,英語句子中的定語、狀語的位置往往與其所修飾的部分發(fā)生分離現(xiàn)象,解題時(shí),將位置發(fā)生了變化的結(jié)構(gòu)還原會使解題更容易。 They would like to see the plan _(carry out) the next year see sth done carried out No matter how frequently _(perform), the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.4）結(jié)構(gòu)補(bǔ)全法 將被省略的部分還原,補(bǔ)充為一個(gè)完整的句子。如: 分析分析: 將從句中被省略的部分還原為

8、將從句中被省略的部分還原為: No matter how frequently they are _.就不就不難確定正確答案為難確定正確答案為performed。performedThe country life he was used to _(change) greatly since 1992.5）簡化結(jié)構(gòu)法 去掉插入語、修飾語、附加結(jié)構(gòu)、某些從句等,將原本比較復(fù)雜的句子簡化,有助于我們看清句子結(jié)構(gòu)。The country life he was used to _ (change) greatly since 1992.has changed分析分析: 如果我們?nèi)サ羧绻覀內(nèi)サ鬰oun

9、try life 的定語從句的定語從句 he was used to ,將原句簡化為將原句簡化為The country life _ greatly since 1992.那么可以確定正確那么可以確定正確 答案為答案為has changed。The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ (not make )it more difficult.6）結(jié)構(gòu)對比法 某些句子結(jié)構(gòu)的前后部分往往包含完全相同或者平衡的語法結(jié)構(gòu),我們可以通過對前后結(jié)構(gòu)的類比辨析來確定正確答案。如; not to makeThe purpose of ne

10、w technologies is to make life easier, _ (not make )it more difficult. not to make分析分析: 本句考查的是互相比較的兩個(gè)動詞不定式本句考查的是互相比較的兩個(gè)動詞不定式作表語的用法。正確答案為作表語的用法。正確答案為not to makeMany people agree that _ knowledge of English is a must in _ international trade today.7）后空確認(rèn)法 當(dāng)一個(gè)句子含有兩個(gè)空格是,不一定非要從第一個(gè)入手,而是從第二個(gè)空格來確定答案,即在兩個(gè)考點(diǎn)的

11、提目中不一定非要從第一個(gè)入手,而是從有把握的入手,尋找解題的突破口。如:Many people agree that _ knowledge of English is a must in _ international trade today.a/ 分析分析: 該題的時(shí)間狀語該題的時(shí)間狀語today并不是修飾并不是修飾international trade ,而是修飾整個(gè)句子而是修飾整個(gè)句子,所以所以international trade 并非特指并非特指,其前邊不需要冠詞其前邊不需要冠詞, 因此因此,可確定第一格答案為可確定第一格答案為a,第二格可不填。第二格可不填。1.More than

12、 a dozen students in that school _ (send) abroad to study medicine last year.2.My brother is an actor. He_ (appear) in several films so far.3.Mr White _ (arrive) at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt show up. were sent has appearedshould have arrived4. Not only I but also Jane and Mary_(be) tired of

13、 having one examination after another, so we will complain to the teacher. 5.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,_ (not make) it more difficult. not to make are A proverb says, “Time is money.” But in my opinion time is even _1_ precious than money. Why? _2_ when money is spent, w

14、e earn it back. However, when time is _3_ it will never return. _4_ is known to all that the time we can use is limited. Therefore we should make _5_ use of our time to study hard so as to serve out country in _6_ future. But it is a pity that there are a lot of people _7_ do not realize the value o

15、f time. They _8_ their precious time smoking, drinking and playing. In a ward, we should form the good habit of _9_(save)time. Do not put off what can be done today _10_ tomorrow. A proverb says, “Time is money.” But in my opinion time is even _1_ precious than money. Why? _2_ when money is spent, w

16、e earn it back. However, when time is _3_ it will never return. _4_ is known to all that the time we can use is limited. Therefore we should make _5_ use of our time to study hard so as to serve out country in _6_ future. But it is a pity that there are a lot of people _7_ do not realize the value o

17、f time. They _8_ their precious time smoking, drinking and playing. In a ward, we should form the good habit of _9_(save)time. Do not put off what can be done today _10_ tomorrow. A proverb says, “Time is money.” But in my opinion time is even _1_ precious than money. Why? _2_ when money is spent, w

18、e earn it back. However, when time is _3_ it will never return. _4_ is known to all that the time we can use is limited. Therefore we should make _5_ use of our time to study hard so as to serve out country in _6_ future. But it is a pity that there are a lot of people _7_ do not realize the value o

19、f time. They _8_ their precious time smoking, drinking and playing. In a ward, we should form the good habit of _9_(save)time. Do not put off what can be done today _10_ tomorrow. moreBecausegone It full the whospend saving until/tillin my opinion 我認(rèn)為Therefore 因此 ，所以It is known to all that 是眾所周知的So

20、as to 為了in the future 在將來It is a pity that 真遺憾form the good habit of 形成良好的習(xí)慣spend +時(shí)間/金錢 +(in) doing sth 花金錢/時(shí)間做某事 I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountain. The sun was setting when my car _1_ (break) down near a remote and poor village. Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to sp

21、end the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to _2_ should have the honor of receiving me _3_ a guest in their house. Finally, I accepted the offer of an old woman who lived alone in a little house. While she was getting me _4_ (settle) into a tiny but

22、clean room, the head of the village was trying up his horse to my car to pull it to _5_ small town some 20 kilometers away _6_ there was a garage. I had noticed three hens running free in my hostesss courtyard and that night one of them ended up in a dish on my table. _7_ villagers brought me goats

23、cheese and honey, We drank together and talked _8_ (merry) till far into the night. When the time came for me say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old man _9_ the trouble I had cause _10_. I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountain. The sun was setting when my car down near a remote and poor village. Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to should have the honor of receiving me a guest in their house. Finally, I acce