廣東省2012屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第1模塊 完形填空 專題4 說(shuō)明文型完形填空精品學(xué)案

1、專題4 說(shuō)明文型完形填空專題導(dǎo)讀說(shuō)明文往往圍繞一個(gè)問題從不同的側(cè)面來(lái)加以說(shuō)明，通常結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，因此也是高考完形填空中較難理解的一種文體。 說(shuō)明文一般有三類：一是實(shí)體事例說(shuō)明文(實(shí)體事物是指國(guó)家、城市、人物、山水、樹木、花草、蟲魚、鳥獸、建筑、文化古跡、科技成果及各種工農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)品)。包括說(shuō)明書、廣告、解說(shuō)詞、人物介紹、知識(shí)小品、知識(shí)注解等。二是事理(事理是指觀點(diǎn)、立場(chǎng)、名詞概念、學(xué)術(shù)流派等)說(shuō)明文。包括理論性解釋、文書簡(jiǎn)介、教材等。三是文藝性說(shuō)明文。即把說(shuō)明對(duì)象擬人化，進(jìn)而編成故事，對(duì)其進(jìn)行介紹。說(shuō)明文完形填空的具體特點(diǎn)：(1)開頭點(diǎn)題。做說(shuō)明文型完形填空時(shí)，要明確說(shuō)明的對(duì)象是什么，是

2、具體實(shí)物還是理論性概念。因此，明確說(shuō)明的對(duì)象是掌握說(shuō)明細(xì)節(jié)的前提。在近年的說(shuō)明文型完形填空中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出說(shuō)明的對(duì)象。(2)結(jié)構(gòu)清晰。把握語(yǔ)篇特征對(duì)理解文意與答題極為有利。說(shuō)明文的寫作一般按時(shí)間順序(指先后順序)，空間順序(從局部到整體，從上到下，從內(nèi)到外)，邏輯順序(前因后果，先果后因，先主后次)；認(rèn)識(shí)順序(由此及彼，由淺入深，由具體到抽象，由現(xiàn)象到本質(zhì))。說(shuō)明文型完形填空短文層次清晰，整體性強(qiáng)，所以，遞進(jìn)性詞匯和名詞的設(shè)題往往出現(xiàn)得較多。說(shuō)明文往往較直白，寫作脈絡(luò)清晰，又沒有很多感情因素的摻入，所以就不會(huì)有過多的情感詞匯，自然不會(huì)有鉆不出的“迷宮”。據(jù)此特點(diǎn)，我們便可以跟著

3、“作者”走，理清整篇文章的思路，從而順利答題。真題典例2010·上海卷 The first attempt of even the most talented artists, musicians, and writers is seldom a masterpiece. If you consider your drafts as dress rehearsals (彩排), or tryouts, revising will seem a natural part of the writing _1_.What is the purpose of the dress rehear

4、sals and the out­of­town previews that many Broadway shows go through? The answer is adding, deleting, replacing, reordering，_2_ revising.Andrew Lloyd Webbers musical Phantom of the Opera underwent such a process. When Lloyd Webber began writing in 1984, he had in mind a funny, exciting pr

5、oduction. However, when Phantomopened in London in 1986, the audience saw a moving psychological love story set to music. The musical had _3_several revisions due, in part, to problems with costuming and makeup (戲服和化妝). For instance, Lloyd Webber _4_ some of the music because the Phantoms makeup pre

6、vented the actor from singing certain sounds.When you revise, you change aspects of your work in _5_ to your evolving purpose, or to include _6_ ideas or newly discovered information.Revision is not just an afterthought that gets only as much time as you have at the end of an assignment._7_， it is a

7、 major stage of the writing process, and writers revise every step of the way.Even your decision to _8_ topicswhile prewriting is a type of revising.However，dont make the mistake of skipping the revision stage that follows _9_.Always make time to become your own _10_and view your dress rehearsal, so

8、 to speak.Reviewing your work in this way can give you _11_ new ideas.Revising involves _12_ the effectiveness and appropriateness of all aspects of your writing, making your purpose more clearly, and refocusing or developing the facts and ideas you present.When you revise, ask yourself the followin

9、g questions, keeping in mind the audience for whom you are writing: Is my main idea or purpose _13_ throughout my draft? Do I ever lose sight of my purpose? Have I given my readers all of the _14_ that is, facts, opinions, inferencesthat they need in order to understand my main idea? Finally, have I

10、 included too many _15_ details that may confuse readers?()1.A.techniqueBstyle Cprocess Dcareer()2.A.in particular Bas a result Cfor example Din other words()3.A.undergone Bskipped Crejected Dreplaced()4.A.rewrote Breleased Crecorded Dreserved()5.A.addition Bresponse Copposition Dcontrast()6.A.fixed

11、 Bambitious Cfamiliar Dfresh ()7.A.However BMoreover CInstead DTherefore()8.A.discuss Bswitch Cexhaust Dcover()9.A.drafting Brearranging Cperforming Dtraining()10.A.director Bmaster Caudience Dvisitor()11.A.personal Bvaluable Cbasic Ddelicate()12.A.mixing Bweakening Cmaintaining Dassessing()13.A.ama

12、zing Bbright Cunique Dclear()14.A.angles Bevidence Cinformation Dhints()15.A.unnecessary Buninteresting Cconcrete Dfinal【解析】修改是作品寫作過程中非常重要且必需的步驟。文章講述了作品修改的目的和途徑。 1C參照下文的“Andrew Lloyd Webbers musical Phantom of the Opera underwent such a process.”和“However，dont make the mistake of skipping the revisi

13、on stage”。technique意為“技術(shù)”；style意為“風(fēng)格”；career意為“事業(yè)，生涯”，都不符合題意。 2D前面adding, deleting, replacing, reordering都是revising的方面，in other words意為“換句話說(shuō)”，符合題意。in particular意為“尤其，特別”，表強(qiáng)調(diào)；as a result意為“因此”，表結(jié)果；for example意為“例如”，表舉例說(shuō)明；都不符題意。3A人們觀看的是完美的表演，但表演之前作品經(jīng)歷了(undergo)多次修改，與上文的“Andrew Lloyd Webbers musical Ph

14、antom of the Opera underwent such a process.”對(duì)應(yīng)。skip(跳遠(yuǎn))、reject(拒絕，抵制)、replace(取代)都不符合題意。 4A動(dòng)詞release(釋放，赦免，發(fā)行)，record(記錄，錄音)，reserve(保留，預(yù)訂)都不符合題意。動(dòng)詞rewrite表示“重寫，修改”，與動(dòng)詞revise同義，與本篇話題相關(guān)。 5B介詞短語(yǔ)in addition to表示“而且，除之外還有”；in opposition to表示“與的意見相反”；in contrast to表示“與形成對(duì)比”，都與本題不符。in response to(作為對(duì)的反應(yīng))

15、在本句表示“你修改作品是對(duì)你想改進(jìn)作品的一種回應(yīng)”。6Dfresh ideas 與后面的newly discovered information對(duì)應(yīng)。 7C副詞moreover(而且)類似于but also，表遞進(jìn)含義；副詞however然而，表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系；instead作為“替代，反而”，表相反含義；therefore因此，表原因。由語(yǔ)境可知選C。 8Bswitch topics(變換標(biāo)題)屬于修改作品的一部分。動(dòng)詞discuss(討論)、exhaust(使筋疲力盡)、cover(覆蓋，包含)都不符題意。 9Arearranging(重新安排)、performing(表演)、training(

16、培訓(xùn))都與題意不符。由上文可知選drafting，意為“起草，草案”。10C名詞audience(觀眾)與下句view your dress rehearsal對(duì)應(yīng)。名詞director(導(dǎo)演)、master(主人，大師)、visitor(來(lái)訪者)都與題意不符。 11B形容詞valuable表示“做自己作品的觀眾能給你有價(jià)值的新信息”。形容詞personal(個(gè)人的)、basic(基本的)、delicate(嬌貴的、纖弱的、精美的)都與題意不符。 12D句意表示“修改包括評(píng)價(jià)作品所有方面的有效性和適當(dāng)性”。故選D。 13D形容詞clear在本句表示“我的文章大意或?qū)懽饕鈭D是否清晰”，與下文co

17、nfuse readers對(duì)應(yīng)。形容詞amazing(令人驚訝的)、bright(明亮的，聰明的)、unique(獨(dú)特的)都與題意不符。14Cfacts，opinions，inferences都屬于information，故選C。 15Aunnecessary details表示“不必要的信息”，句意表示不必要的信息反而使讀者困惑、誤導(dǎo)讀者。形容詞uninteresting(單調(diào)的，乏味的)、concrete(具體的)、final(最終的，決定性的)都與題意不符。新題預(yù)測(cè)(一)People do not analyse every problem they meet.They often ac

18、cept the opinions or ideas of other people.Other times they begin to act without _1_；they try to find a solution by trial and error.However, when all of these methods _2_， the person with a problem has to start analysing.There are six _3_ in analysing a problem.First, the person must recognize that

19、there is a problem.For example, Sams bicycle is broken.Sam must _4_ that there is a problem with his bicycle.Next the person must _5_ the problem.Before Sam can repairhis bicycle, he must know why it does not work.He must _6_ the parts that are wrong.Now the person must look for _7_ that will make t

20、he problem clearer and lead to possible solutions.Suppose Sam _8_ that his bike does not work because there is something wrong with the brakes._9_， he can look in his bicycle repair book and read about brakes or talk to his friends at the bike shop.After _10_ the problem, the person should have seve

21、ral suggestions for a possible solution, which might be: tighten or loosen the brakes; buy new brakes and change the old ones.In the end, one _11_ seems to be the solution to the problem.Sometimes the final idea comes quite _12_ because the thinker suddenly sees something in a _13_ way.Sam suddenly

22、sees there is a piece of chewing gum stuck to a brake.He immediately hits on the solution to his problem: he must _14_ the brake.Finally the solution is _15_. Sam does it and finds his bicycle works perfectly.In short he has solved the problem.()1.A.practice Bthinking Cunderstanding Dhelp()2.A.fail

23、Bwork Cchange Ddevelop()3.A.ways Bconditions Cstages Dorders()4.A.explain Bprove Cshow Dsee()5.A.judge Bfind Cdescribe Dface()6.A.check Bdetermine Ccorrect Drecover()7.A.answers Bskills Cexplanation Dinformation()8.A.hopes Bargues Cdecides Dsuggests()9.A.In other words BOnce in a while CFirst of all

24、 DAt this time()10.A.discussing Bsettling down Ccomparing with Dstudying ()11.A.suggestion Bconclusion Cdecision Ddiscovery()12.A.unexpectedly Blate Cclearly Doften()13.A.simple Bdifferent Cquick Dsudden()14.A.clean Bseparate Cloosen Dremove()15.A.recorded Bcompleted Ctested Daccepted【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，通過

25、舉例說(shuō)明了解決問題的六大步驟。文章淺顯易懂，邏輯性強(qiáng)。 1Bwithout thinking意為“不假思索”。 2A從上下句的關(guān)系看，它們是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。當(dāng)這些方法都失敗后人們就會(huì)開始分析。 3C此處stage的意思是“步驟”。分析問題有六個(gè)步驟。 4D此處see在這句話中意為“明白”。當(dāng)Sam的自行車不能正常使用時(shí)，他應(yīng)該明白自行車出了毛病。 5B要解決問題，當(dāng)然要找到問題所在。 6Bdetermine意為“測(cè)定，找出”，與find out意思相同。7D根據(jù)下文Sam所做的事情可知，要了解問題的相關(guān)信息才能修理，所以選information。 8C結(jié)合邏輯在修自行車之前，要先“確定”是自行車的哪

26、個(gè)部件出了問題。 9D當(dāng)Sam的自行車閘出了問題之后，這時(shí)他就可以進(jìn)一步采取措施了。at this time意為“這時(shí)”；in other words意為“換句話說(shuō)”； once in a while意為“偶爾”；first of all意為“首先”。由句意及上下文可知選D。 10D研究了問題后(人們)就可能提出一些解決建議。此處study不僅有“學(xué)習(xí)”的意思，還有“研究”的意思。 11A其中一個(gè)建議會(huì)解決問題。根據(jù)上文可知選A。12A由下文suddenly可知。 13B因?yàn)橄虢鉀Q問題的人突然發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些東西，直接就找到了癥結(jié)所在，而這種方法與上文所述是不同的。 14A去掉口香糖的方法是清理車閘

27、。 15C只有經(jīng)過檢驗(yàn)，才能證明解決問題的方法的正確性。(二)Have you read the book The Wolf Totem by a famous writer Jiang Rong, which tells the story of the relationship between wolves and human beings? Have you ever _1_the wolves world? If you had, you would admire the wolves.In the book, wolves are heroes on the large grassl

28、and. They know more about _2_than humans. They can attack lambs without disturbing their mothers. They also know how to_3_full use of the shape of land to trap sheep. I believe that if wolves were humans, they would be_4_ experts good at fighting.The wolf is a kind of special creature that can deepl

29、y understand_5_.Each wolf serves its group with its heart and soul. A _6_ wolf has little power, but a pack of wolves fear nothing. All the wolves obey the rules._7_ they are defeated, they run away together.The wolves also have great self­respect and wont_8_ to anyone. The writer, who wrote th

30、e book The Wolf Totem，_9_stole a one­month­old baby wolf and raised it very carefully. To his _10_，he found the littlewolf still wanted to go back with the other wolves. He bit through the iron chain that limited him. The wolf was_11_ and he never gave in, fighting _12_ his death. The litt

31、le wolf died as a glorious fighter.I was shocked by this kind of _13_：wolves are one of the most respected creatures on earth. I want everyone to look at wolves in a _14_ way. They are our teachers. They show us how to survive and _15_ in this not simple and dangerous world. Please honor the wolves; please honor all these heroes of nature!()1.A.thought about Bwalked into Ctalked about Dcared for()2.A.space Bspot Cfood Dsurvival()3.A.get Btake Chave Dmake()4.A.special Bimaginative Coutstanding Dcreative()5.A.operation Bteam