中考英語非謂語動詞專項復(fù)習(xí)

1、中考英語非謂語動詞專項復(fù)習(xí)考點知識精講非謂語動詞包括動名詞、 分詞和不定式，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化， 但可以有自己的賓語和 狀語，也可以和助動詞結(jié)合構(gòu)成進行時、完成時和被動語態(tài)。構(gòu)成句子成分to +動詞原形除謂語外的任何成分有將要之意司現(xiàn)在分詞doing表語賓語定語狀語主動、進行過去分詞done表語賓語定語狀語被動、完成,名詞doing主語賓語表語定語表f情況考點一不定式1 .不定式的基本形式是to +動詞原形，它具有動詞的特點，即可以有自己的賓語和狀語，但它沒有人稱與數(shù)的變化，在句中也不能作謂語，動詞不定式和自己的賓語或狀語構(gòu)成不定式短語。My father asked me not to re

2、ad in bed.我爸爸告訴我不要在床上讀書。2 .不定式的句法作用動詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的作用，它可以作主語、賓語、賓語補足語、定語和狀 語等。(1)作主語動詞不定式作主語時，常用it作形式主語，而將真正的主語放在句末，It+be+形容詞+ (forsb.) +動詞不定式。It's important (for us) to protect the environment.(對我們來說)保護環(huán)境是很重要的。注：當(dāng)在kind , good, nice, clever等表示人的品質(zhì)的形容詞后，不用 for而用of。It's very kind of_you_to_he

3、lp_me.你幫助我真是太好啦。(2)作賓語一些謂語動詞后只能用不定式作賓語，常見的這類詞表示命令、打算或希望，如：wouldlike, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect 等。 Would you like to_see_a_film this evening?你今晚想去看電影嗎？在find, think后跟不定式作賓語時，常用 it代替，而將真正的賓語放在句末。I find it easy to_read_English_every_day.我發(fā)現(xiàn)每天讀英語很容易。(3)賓語補足語動詞不定式作賓補時，它與賓語有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。Lucy asked

4、 him to_turn_down the_radio.露西要他關(guān)小收音機的音量。（4）作定語動詞不定式作定語時，應(yīng)放在名詞之后，它與名詞有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。I have a lot of homework to do.我有許多家庭作業(yè)要做。（5）作狀語Mrs Wang went to Shanghai to see her daughter/ 目的）王太太去上?？此畠骸e're glad to meet you here.（原因）我們很高興在這見到你。He is too tired to_workon.（結(jié)果）他太累了而不能繼續(xù)工作。3 .不定式的否定形式是在不定式前加not。T

5、hey told us notto_play basketball too long.他們告訴我們不要玩太長時間籃球。4 .不定式常和疑問詞what, which, when, where, how連用，相當(dāng)于一個賓語從句。He didn't know where to_go. （where to go = where he should go）他不知道去哪里。考點二動名詞動名詞由動詞原形+ ing構(gòu)成，與現(xiàn)在分詞同形。動名詞既有動詞的性質(zhì)，也有名詞的性質(zhì)，在句中可作主語、賓語、表語、定語和狀語等。1 .作主語，如：Eating too much is bad for your hea

6、lth.吃得太多對身體健康有害。注：動名詞和動詞不定式作主語，在許多情況下可以通用，但動名詞作主語多表示抽象或多 次的行為，不定式作主語往往表示具體的或一次性的動作。2 .作表語，如：My mother's job is raising chicken.我母親的工作是養(yǎng)雞。3 .作賓語,如：I don't mind listening to that story again.我不介意再聽一遍那個故事。4 .作定語，如：Let's join the singing group.讓我們加入合唱隊吧。5 .其后常接動名詞的動詞及動詞詞組有finish , enjoy, pra

7、ctice, understand, mind , keep,consider, miss, avoid（避免），suggest, admit, be worth , have difficulty/problems/trouble/fun , waste time, can't help/can't stop, be used to（習(xí)慣于）等。其后既可以接動名詞，也可接動詞不定式的動詞有l(wèi)ove, like, prefer, begin, start, continue,remember, try, stop,forget, hate, need, allow , go o

8、n 等。介詞后接動名詞的動詞短語有 keep.from ,stop.from , make a contribution to , look forward to , spend.（in）, be afraid of, be proud of, be used for, feel like , give up , be interested in, put off6 .當(dāng)need, require, want作“需要”解時，后加動名詞主動式等于不定式的被動式。The window needs cleaning.= The window needs to be cleaned.那扇窗戶需要被清洗

9、。7 .不定式是不及物動詞時，作定語不能省去介詞。Weihai is a good place to live in.威海是一個居住的好地方。考點三分詞1.分詞的構(gòu)成分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種?，F(xiàn)在分詞由“動詞+ing”構(gòu)成。過去分詞的基本形式是“動詞+ ed”，但也有不規(guī)則的形式。2.分詞的句法功能功能例句說明定語Do you know the girl standing under the tree?爾認(rèn)識站在樹卜面的那個女孩嗎？Please hand in your exercises.j青交上你們的練習(xí)。分詞作定語，其邏輯主語就是 它所修飾的詞。狀語The students wen

10、t out of the classroom , talking and laughing.學(xué)生們談笑著走出了教室。分詞的邏輯主語是句子的主句 主語。表語The boy is too frightened to move.這個男孩太害怕了以至丁/、能動了。現(xiàn)在分詞表示主語的性質(zhì)、特 征；過去分詞表示某種狀態(tài)。補足語Don't keep us waiting for a long time.«要讓我們等得太久。heard him singing in the classroom.，聽到他止在教室里唱歌呢。He'll have his hair cut after sch

11、ool.放學(xué).他要去理發(fā)。現(xiàn)在分詞作補足語，被補足的 賓語或主語是它的邏輯主語 （即主動關(guān)系）；過去分詞作補 足語，被補足的賓語或主語是 它的邏輯賓語（即被動關(guān)系）注：現(xiàn)在分詞表示“令人的"，主語一般是物；過去分詞表示“感到的"，主語一般是人。He is surprised to hear the news.他聽到那個消息感到很吃驚。The news is surprising.那個消息令人吃驚。辨析：（1）有些動詞或詞組后接動名詞或不定式均可，但意義稍有差別。stop to do sth.停卜來去做某事stop doing sth.停止做某事Stop thinking ,

12、 please.請停止思考。Stop to_think about it for a moment.停下來想一會兒。rember to do sth.記住要做某事（動作未發(fā)生）rember to do sth.記得曾做過某事（動作以發(fā)生）I remember posting your letter.我記得把你的信寄出去了。（信已寄出）Please remember to post my letter.請記住把我的信寄出去。（信尚未寄出）forget to do sth.忘記做某事（動作未發(fā)生）forget doing sth.忘記做過某事（動作以發(fā)生）I forgot to_bring my

13、homework. 我忘記帶作業(yè)了。（沒帶彳業(yè)）I forgot bringing my homework.我忘記已把作業(yè)帶來了。（作業(yè)已帶來）try to do sth.努力去做某事try doing sth.試著去做某事He tried speaking English to us. 他試著用英語和我們談話。Please try to do better next time. 下次設(shè)法做得更好些。go on to do sth.做完一件事，接著去做另外一件事go on doing sth.繼續(xù)不停地做某事Go on to_do the other exercise after you fi

14、nish this one. 做完這個冢習(xí)題后，接著做另一個練習(xí)題。Go on doing the exercise after a short rest.休息一會兒之后，我們繼續(xù)做練習(xí)。allow doing sth.允許做某事allow sb. to do sth.允許某人做某事We don't allow smoking here.我們不允許在這兒吸煙。We don't allow students to_go_out on school days.上學(xué)時，我們不允許學(xué)生外出。（2）現(xiàn)在分詞和動詞不定式作賓語補足語的區(qū)別。我們常見的動詞如：see, watch , not

15、ice , hear, feel, have等，它們接不帶 to的不定式作賓補，表示已經(jīng)完成了的或經(jīng)常性的動作；接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補，表示動作正在進行著。I heard him singing in the classroom.我聽到他正在教室里唱歌。（“唱”這個動作正在進行）I heard him sing in the classroom.我聽到他在教室里唱歌了。（“唱”這個動作已結(jié)束）第5頁共11頁（3）現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別。在語態(tài)上，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動意義，過去分詞表示被動意義。the surprising news 令人驚訝的消息a surprised man 一個受驚嚇的人在時間上，

16、現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進行的動作，過去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成的動作。the developing country 發(fā)展中國家the developed country 發(fā)達國家（4）易混句式 have sb.do sth.have sb.doing sth.和 have sth.done 的區(qū)別。have sb.do sth.意為“讓某人做某事"，have可以用let, make代替。不定式往往表示一次性的具體動作，且強調(diào)動作已經(jīng)完成或尚未發(fā)生。The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father.士兵們讓這個男孩背對他的父親站著。

17、have sb.doing sth.意為“讓某人做某事"，have可以用keep代替，現(xiàn)在分詞（doing）這個動作往往具有持續(xù)進行的含義。The two men had the boy running all night long.那兩個人讓這個男孩跑了一夜。have sth.done意為“讓某人做某事"，即ask sb.else to do sth.。過去分詞（done）這個動作由他人（即非主語本身）來完成，含有被動意義且強調(diào)動作已經(jīng)完成。The driver had his car washed once a week.那位司機每周叫人洗一次車。考點訓(xùn)練 一、單項選擇

18、1 We can make a fire the room warm so that we can chat for a while.A to keep B keeping C keep D kept【解析】由句意 “我們可以生火讓房間暖和起來， 以便我們能閑聊一會兒”知此處應(yīng)為動詞不定式作目的狀語，故選A。【答案】A2 Try to sing more English songs ， and you will find it interesting a foreign language.AlearningBlearnsClearnDto learn【解析】本題考查動詞不定式的用法。find

19、it + adj.+ to do sth.“發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事怎么樣”是一種固定句式，故選D。【答案】D3 We can't work out the physics problem.Can you tell us ？A how to do B what to do itC how to do it D what should to do【解析】本題考查“疑問詞不定式”的用法。句意為“我們做不出這道物理題，你能告訴我們怎樣做嗎？”how to do sth. “怎樣做某事”， do 后的賓語不能省略。故選C。【答案】C4 May I have a rest? I have already fi

20、nished the report.A write B writingC to write D written【解析】finish 后若跟動詞，要用v.ing 形式，故選B?！敬鸢浮緽5I feel a bit hungry now. Why not for dinner with us?A goB did you goC to go D do you go【解析】本題考查why not 的用法。why not 與 why don't you 同義，其后要接動詞原形，故選 A?！敬鸢浮緼6Plan your time carefully and make sure you have s

21、ome time what you like every day.A doB to doC doing D done【解析】have time to do sth.“有時間做某事”是固定短語，故選 B?！敬鸢浮緽7Don't forget your homework ， John. OK.I'll do right now.A doing B do C to do【解析】forget to do sth. “忘記要做某事 （還沒做）”； forget doing sth. “忘記做過某事（已經(jīng)做了 ） ”。由句意“約翰，別忘了做作業(yè)。 ”知選C?！敬鸢浮緾8 At last t

22、he boy was made and began to laugh.A stop cryingB to stop to cryC to stop crying D stop to cry【解析】make sb.do sth.“讓某人做某事”，后跟省略to的不定式，但使役動詞make變?yōu)楸粍邮綍r，后面省略的to 要補充出來。stop doing sth. “停止做某事”； stop to do sth. “停下來去做某事”。由題意知選C?！敬鸢浮緾9 If prices rise too high, the government has to do something it.A stop B

23、stoppedC stopping D to stop【解析】本題考查動詞不定式的用法。由句意 “如果價格漲得過高，政府必須做一些事情來阻止它。 ”可知用動詞不定式作目的狀語?！敬鸢浮緿10 The new treatments by Norman Bethune helped a number of soldiers.A inventB inventsC inventingD invented【解析】句意為“由諾曼白求恩發(fā)明的新的治療方法幫助了許多士兵”。由句意可知用過去分詞短語invented by Norman Bethune作后置定語修飾名詞treatments。故選 D?！敬鸢浮緿1

24、1I often have hamburgers for lunch. You'd better not.It's bad for you too much junk food.A eat B to eat C eating D ate【解析】“It's + adj. + for sb. + to do sth.”是固定句型，意為“對某人來說做某事是的”。句中 it 作形式主語，后面的不定式短語作真正的主語?！敬鸢浮緽12Whenever you have a chance English ， you should take it.A speak B to speakC

25、 spoke D speaks【解析】本題考查動詞不定式。由句意“無論什么時候你有一個說英語的機會，你應(yīng)該抓住它。 ”可知用不定式短語作后置定語?！敬鸢浮緽13It's a fine day today.How about ？ Sounds great!A go hiking B go to hikeC going hikingD to go to hike【解析】How about. ?意為“怎么樣？"about是介詞，后接動詞時用動名詞形式，故排除A、 B、 D 三項。 go hiking “去徒步旅行”。【答案】C14 Water Park is a good plac

26、e .A to have fun B have funC having fun D to have a fun【解析】have fun 是固定短語，意為“玩得高興，過得愉快”。由句意“水上公園是一個游玩的好地方”可知用動詞不定式作后置定語?！敬鸢浮緼15 When I was walking past the window, I noticed Wang Fei my homework.I reallygot .A copying； annoyed B copying； annoyingC copy； annoyedD copied； annoyed【解析】notice 后接不帶to 的動詞不

27、定式或動詞的ing 形式，其意思分別為：注意到某人做了某事 （看到該動作的全過程）； 注意到某人正在做某事。由題干語境可知第一空應(yīng)填copying。annoying "使生氣的；使惱怒的”，主語多為事物：annoyed "生氣的；煩惱的"，主語多為人。由主語I 知第二空填annoyed?！敬鸢浮緼16 As we all know ， it's not polite to keep others for a long time.A wait B waitedC to waitD waiting【解析】keep sb.doing sth.“使某人一直做某事”

28、，動名詞作賓補。句意是“我們都知道，讓別人一直等很長時間是不禮貌的。 ”故選 D ?！敬鸢浮緿17 You had better because you have to drive back home.A not drinkingB not drinkC don't drinkD not to drink【解析】had better do sth“. 最好做某事”， 用于給對方提建議，do 為不帶 to 的不定式作賓補；had better 的否定形式一般將not 加在 better 之后，即had better not do sth.?！敬鸢浮緽18 While we were ru

29、nning on the playground, Jack suddenly stopped and lay on theground， so we all stopped what was wrong with him.A to run； to see B running ； seeing C running； to see【解析】stop doing sth.意為“停止做某事"；stop to do sth.意為“停下來去做某事”。句意為“我們在操場上跑步時， 杰克突然停下躺在地上，因此我們都停下來看他怎么了?！?故選C?！敬鸢浮緾19a volunteer is great.

30、I think so.Some of us want volunteers for the London Olympics.A Being； beingB To be； beingC Being； to be D To be； to be【解析】第一個空為動名詞作主語；第二個空want to do/be 為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，不定式作賓語。句意為“做志愿者很棒。 ” “我也這樣認(rèn)為，我們中的一些人想做倫敦奧運會的志愿者。 ”【答案】C20 Many students said that they were willing to work hard to make their dreams true.A

31、come B cameC comes【解析】make sb.do sth.意為“使某人做某事”。句意為“許多學(xué)生說他們愿意努力工作，使他們的夢想能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)。”【答案】A21 Danny did all kinds of things to make his sister .A to stop cryingB stop cryingC to stop to cry D stop to cry【解析】make后面跟不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語。stop doing sth."停止做某事”；stop to do sth.“停下來去做某事”，由句意知選 B。【答案】B22 We have

32、two rooms ， but I can't decide .A to live; to choose which oneB lived; choose which oneC to live in; which one to chooseD live; which one【解析】根據(jù)句意 “我們有兩間屋子去居住， 但是我不知道選擇哪一間?！?第一個句子中l(wèi)ivein的in不能省略?！斑x擇哪一間"用"which one to choose"。故選C。【答案】C23We don't have much homework this weekend.Sh

33、all we go out together? OK.What about a movie?A to seeB seeingC seeD sees【解析】what about 后跟動詞的ing 形式，因此答案為B?！敬鸢浮緽24 Why not an English club to practice English?A to join; to speak B join; speakingC join; to speakD to join; speaking【解析】why not 動詞原形；practice 后跟動名詞，故答案應(yīng)選B?！敬鸢浮緽25How about going shopping

34、 this weekend, Peter? Sorry.I prefer rather than .A to stay at home; go outB to go out; stay at homeC staying at home; go out D going out; stay at home【解析】prefer to do rather than do意為“寧愿而不愿"。句意為"寧愿呆在家里而不愿出去。 ”故選A?！敬鸢浮緼26Where's your brother now, Bob? I saw him in the street a moment a

35、go and I told him .A playing; don't do soB playing; not to do so C play; to do so【解析】see sb. doing sth.意思是“看到某人在干某事"；tell sb. to do sth.“告訴某人干某事”： 其否定形式是在to 前加 not。【答案】B27Nancy is really a hardworking student.We often see her books in the classroom.A read B to readC reads【解析】see sb.do sth意為

36、“看見某人做某事”。句意為“南希真的是一個勤奮的學(xué)生。我們經(jīng)常看見她在教室里讀書。”【答案】A28Why did you buy a radio? English.A Learn B LearningC To learn D Be learning【解析】動詞不定式表目的。【答案】C29 Doctors tell people their hands often and to stay home if they feel ill.A to wash B washesC wash D washing【解析】考查tell sb.to do sth. 的用法。【答案】A30 Xiao Li said

37、 she would rather join us.A did not B to not C not D not to【解析】考查would rather not do sth. 的用法?！敬鸢浮緾31Hi, Tom! Can you tell me when for London? Yes, tomorrow afternoon.A leaving B leavesC to leave D are you leaving【解析】考查特殊疑問詞不定式作賓語的用法?！敬鸢浮緾32I'm very tired these days because of studying for physi

38、cs. Why not music? It can make you .A listen to; relaxingB to listen to; to relaxC listening to; relaxD listen to; relax【解析】考查 why not do sth.和make sb.do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)。【答案】D33 I saw John near the river on my way home.A plays B playingC to play D played【解析】see sb. do sth.“看見某人做了某事"；see sb.doing sth.“看見

39、某人正在做某事”。由句意可知選B 。【答案】B34 Please don't forget the room while I am away in Beijing.A clean B to cleanC cleaned D cleaning【解析】考查forget to do sth. 結(jié)構(gòu)。【答案】B35 The doctor did what he could the dying man.A save B to save C saved D saving【解析】動詞不定式表目的。【答案】B36Would you mind my little sister while I am aw

40、ay? Of course not.A looking for B looking atC looking after D looking forward to【解析】考查would you mind doing sth. 結(jié)構(gòu)。由句意知look after “照顧”符合題意。【答案】C37 May I listen to the music here, Mr White? Sorry, you'd better it like that.A not to do B not doC don't doD not do to【解析】考查had better 的否定形式had bet

41、ter not do sth. ?！敬鸢浮緽38 I'm hungry now.Let's stop .A having a mealB having a restC to have a mealD to have a rest【解析】考查stop to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)。再根據(jù)句意知選Co【答案】C39What a heavy rain! So it is.I prefer at home on such a rainy day.A watch TV; to go outB watch TV; go outC watching TV; to going outD to watch TV; going out【解析】考查prefer doing sth.to doing sth. 結(jié)構(gòu)。【答案】C40 He often tells me too much time computer games.A to not spend; playB not to spend; playC to not spend; playingD