非謂語動詞口訣

1、非謂語動詞口訣（速記重點）非謂語動詞包括動詞不定式，動詞的過去分詞和動詞的-ing形式三種。這是高 考中的熱點，其考查量多、面廣，幾乎是必考的一個知識點。近六年高考復現 率達百分之百。縱觀試題，其考查重點為動詞非謂語形式的作用及功能相同的非謂語動詞之間的區(qū)別。學生對此知識也知之半解”深感頭疼。請看下面的方法，將有助于記住不定式及動名詞。1、動詞的不定式 不定式有標記， 沒有人稱數變化, 主賓定狀表補語, not加上不定式, 疑問詞與不定式, 仔細推敲多思考,to與動詞連一起。 動詞特點它具備。 唯獨作謂不可以。 否定結構要牢記。 構成短語有意義。 準確判斷有依據。解析： “to動詞原形”是它的

2、基本構成形式，即不定式的標記。 它沒有人稱和數的變化，不管主語是任何人稱，單數還是復數，動詞不 定式都沒有變化。但它仍保留動詞的特點，可以有自己的賓語或狀語。 它具有名詞、形容詞和副詞三大特點，所以，它在句中可以作主語、賓 語、定語、表語、狀語和賓補。 “not+動詞不定式”是它的否定形式，不要受其他否定式的影響，要記住 規(guī)律。 疑問代詞 what, who, whom, which 和疑問副詞 where, when, why , how 力卩 上不定式在句中可以做主語，賓語、表語、狀語。 通過以上分析，只要仔細研究，把不定式的功能用法搞清楚，在應用時就能作出準確的判斷。2、動名詞:哪些動詞

3、后面只能接動名詞，下面的順口溜有助于記憶喜歡、考慮不可免(enjoy, consider, escape, avoid) 停止，放棄太冒險(stop, give up , risk) 反對想象莫推延( mine, imagine, delay, put off)要求完成是期望(require, finish, look forward to.)建議繼續(xù)勤 *練(suggest, go on, practise)不禁原諒要堅持(can' t help, excuse , insist on繼續(xù)注意使成功(keep on, mind, succeed in)1. Every one in

4、our class was work ing hard and doing what we couldagood college.A. en terB. to en terC. en teri ngD. en tered【陷阱】容易誤選A。有的同學一看到空格前的情態(tài)動詞could就斷定此處應填動詞原形en ter。【分析】其實正確答案應是B。此句為省略句，即在could后省略了動詞do, 若把句子補完整應為 Every one in our class was worki ng hard and doing what we could do to enter a good college。即句

5、中的不定式短語 (to enter a good college)是 用作目的狀語的，而不是與情態(tài)動詞(could) 起構成謂語。請再看類似例句： They did what they could to comfort her.他們盡量安慰她。(2) They did everythi ng they could to save her life.他們盡一切力量拯救她的性命。(3) He studies as hard as he could to catch up with his classmates. 他拼命學 習以便趕上他的同學。值得指出的是，這也并不是說今后只要遇到類似結構的題就一定

6、選帶to不定式。請看以下試題：(4) He ran as fast as he couldto catch the early bus.A. to hopeB. hopeC. hop in gD. hoped此題的答案是 C不是A，其中的現在分詞短語 hoping to catch the early bus 用作伴隨狀語。(5) He spe nt every minute he couldspoke n En glish.A. practiseB. to practiseC. practis in gD. practised此題答案選C,這與前面動詞spent的搭配有關，即spend .

7、(in) doing sth。若將此句補充完整，即為 He spent every minute he could spend in practising spoke n En glish.(6) Before going abroad he devoted all he couldhis oral En glish.A. improveB. to improveC. improvi ngD. to improvi ng此題答案選D，注意兩點：一是devote . to .是固定搭配，意為"把貢獻給."二是其中的to是介詞，不是不定式符號，后接動詞時要用動名詞。2. He

8、knows nothing about it, so he can't helpany of your work.A. doin gB. to doC. being doin gD. to be done【陷阱】容易誤選A，根據can't help doing sth這一結構推出。【分析】其實答案應選B。比較以下結構：ca n't help to do sth = 不能幫助做某事can't help doi ng sth = 禁不住做某事，情不自禁地做某事又如下面一題，答案也是B:She can't helpthe house because she&#

9、39;s busy making a cake.A clea nin gB. to clea nC. clea nedD. being clea ned再請看以下試題：While shopp ing, people sometimes can't helpinto buying somethi ngthey don't really n eed.A. to persuadeB. persuad ingC. being persuadedD. be persuaded3. All her timeexperiments, she has no time for films.A.

10、devoted to do B. devoted to doingC. devot ing to doing D. is devoted to doing【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選?！痉治觥看祟}最佳答案為B。現分析如下：(1) devote意為"致力于，獻身于"，主要用 devote.to或be devoted to, 其中的to是介詞，不是不定式符號，故后接動詞時要用動名詞，不用不定式。(2) 選A錯誤：若將do改為doing則可以。(3) 選 B 正確：all her time devoted to doing experiments 為獨立主格結構， 用作狀語。(

11、4) 選C錯誤：因為all her time 與devote為被動關系，故應將 devoting 改為 devoted。(5) 選 D 錯誤：若單獨看 All her time is devoted to doing experiments，此 句并沒有錯，但問題是逗號前后兩個簡單句沒有必要的連接方式，所以從整體上看仍不對，假若在后一句的句首加上and或so,則可選D，或將D將中的is改 為being也可選它。請做以下類似題(答案均選 A)：(1) All the preparati ons for the project, we're ready to start.A. comple

12、ted B. have bee n completedC. had bee n completed D. bee n completed(2) Suchthe case, I could n't help buthim.A. being, support B. was, supportC. has bee n, support ing D. is, to support比較以下各題，答案選B,因為句中使用了并列連詞an d:(1) All the preparati ons for the project, and we're ready to start.A. complet

13、ed B. have bee n completedC. had bee n completed D. bee n completed(2) Suchthe case, I could n't help buthim.A. being, support B. was, supportC. has bee n, support ing D. is, to support4. The purpose of new tech no logies is to make life easier,it moredifficult.A. not make B. not to makeC. not m

14、aking D. do not make【陷阱】容易誤選C,受題干中的逗號的影響，認為是現在分詞表結果的用 法。【分析】其實答案應選B，句中的逗號相當于連詞 and或but, not to make it more difficult 是對逗號前的不定式 to make life easier的補充說明。此句的意 思是"新技術的目的是為了使生活變得更容易，而不是使生活變得更困難"。兩個不定式同時用以說明句子主語purpose的內容。請做以下類似試題(答案選B)：The purpose of the scheme is not to help the employers bu

15、twork foryoung people.A. provide B. to provideC. providi ng D. provided5. The murderer was brought in, with his handsbehi nd his back.A. to be tied B. being tiedC. tied D. having tied【陷阱】容易誤選B。【分析】最佳答案為C。從意義上看，ha nds與tie的關系應屬被動關系， 故排除D。在A、B、C三個選項中，選項A比較容易排除，因為不定式表示將 來意義，在此與語境不符?，F將B和C作一比較：B為現在分詞的被動式，

16、它表示兩層意義，一是表被動，二是表進行，也就是說his hands being tied的實際意思是"他的手正在被捆住"，這顯然與語境不符。而 C為過去分詞，它也表 示兩層意義，一是表被動，二是表示動詞的完成或完成后的狀態(tài)，此句中的withhis hands tied behind his back可視為手被捆在背后的一種狀態(tài)。由此可知最佳 答案為C。請看下面一題：Anyonetrying to take kni ves on heard flights would be caught bythe police.A. finds B. foundC. being found

17、 D. will find答案選B而不選C，其中的過去分詞表示被動和完成。比較下面兩題，最佳答案是 D不是A，現在分詞的被動式表示被動和進行：(1) The court hears about 120 cases a year; visitors are welcome to see a caseA. argued B. to be arguedC. to be argu ing D. being argued(2) The sile nee of the library was sometimes broke n by an occasi onal coughor by the sound

18、of pages.A. turned B. having turnedC. to be tur ned D. being tur ned6. Remind methe medici ne tomorrow.A. of tak ing B. tak ingC. to take D. take【陷阱】容易誤選 A。受remi nd sb of (doi ng) sth這一常用結構的影響。【分析】最佳答案為C。比較以下三個結構：rem ind sb of about sth = 使某人想起某事remi nd sb of doi ng sth = 提醒某人做過某事(暗示動作已發(fā)生)remi nd sb

19、 to do sth =提醒某人去做某事（暗示動作尚未發(fā)生）請看兩個例句:I remin ded him of his promise. 我提醒他做過的諾言。My wife remi nded me of see ing that film. 我妻子提醒我曾經看過那部電影。Can you remi nd me to pho ne her tomorrow? 你明天能否提醒我給她打電 話？7. Once your bus in ess becomes intern ati on al,con sta ntly will be partof your life.A. you fly B. your

20、 flightC. flight D. flyi ng【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選?！痉治觥孔罴汛鸢笧镈。由于空格后出現了 constantly這一副詞，這就說明 不能選B或C,因為B、C均為名詞，不能受副詞constantly的修飾。A和D均是可能的，因為其中有動詞fly。但若選A，you fly是一個主謂結構，與其后的謂語will be相沖突，所以只能選 D，即動名詞flying在此用作主語。8. Not only should you get usedun der difficult con diti ons but youalso you pay more atte nti onyo

21、ur work well.A. to work, to do B. to worki ng, to doingC. to work, to doing D. to working, to do【陷阱】容易誤選A，認為兩個空白處均應填不定式。【分析】正確答案為B，因為get used to與pay attention to這兩個結構中 的to均為介詞，不是不定式符號，故后接動詞時要用動名詞，不能動詞原形。 類似地，以下各結構中的to也是介詞，不是不定式符號，后接動詞時也應用動 名詞，而不是動詞原形：look forward to doing sth盼望做某事be opposed to doing

22、 sth 反對做某事object to doing sth 反對做某事stick to doing sth 堅持做某事get down to doing sth 開始做某事take to doing sth 喜歡上做某事admit to doing 承認做了某事pay atte nti on to doing sth 注意做某事devote one's time to doing sth 把某人的時間用于(奉獻于)做某事be equal to doing sth等于做某事，能勝任做某事What do you say to doing sth 你認為做某事怎么樣9. Both of my

23、 parents insisteda computer for me, but I don't thinkit is n ecessary.A. to buy B. buyingC. on buying D. in buying【陷阱】容易誤選B，誤認為insist后不能接不定式，但可以接動名詞?！痉治觥看鸢笐xC。其實，動詞insist后既不能接不定式也不能接動名 詞，因為insist通常用作不及物動詞；若語義上需接賓語，要借助介詞on或upon，即用于insist on upon (doing) sth ;但它有時的確也可用作及物動詞， 不過其賓語通常只能是that從句，而不能是普

24、通的名詞、代詞或動名詞。如：He in sisted on see ing her home.他堅持送她回家。I in sisted that he (should) stay.我堅持要他留下。10. "Do you have any thi ng more, sir?" "No. You can have a rest ordo someth ing else."A. typing B. to be typedC. typed D. to type【陷阱】容易誤選D，根據have sth to do這一常用結構推出?！痉治觥孔罴汛鸢甘荁。確實，在&qu

25、ot;have+賓語+不定式"結構中，用作定語 的不定式通常用主動式表示被動含義，如I have some clothes to wash等，即盡管其中的some clothes與其后的不定式to wash具有被動關系，但卻習慣上用 主動式表示被動意義。但值得指出的是，這類句型的主語與其后的不定式具有主動關系，如 I have some clothes to wash中的to wash就是由該句主語 I來 完成的。而上面一題的情形有所不同，即其中的to type這一動作不是由句子主 語you來完成的，而是由說話者"我"來完成的。比較：Are you going t

26、o Sha nghai? Do you have anything to take to your son? 你要 去上海嗎？你有什么東西要帶給你兒子嗎？I'm going to Shanghai next week. I have a lot of things to take with me.下個星期我要去上海，我隨身要帶很多東西去。11. She took her son, ran out of the house,him in the car and drovequickly to the n earest doctor's office.A. put B. to pu

27、tC. putt ing D. hav ing put【陷阱】容易誤選B或C,誤認為這考查非謂語動詞的用法?！痉治觥空_答案選A。句中的took, ran, put, drove為四并列的謂語動詞，其時態(tài)應一致。類似地如（答案選A）:I got out of the taxi,the fare and dashed into the stati on.A. paid B. pay ingC. to pay D. hav ing paid但是，下面一題稍有不同：Heari ng the n ews, he rushed out,the bookon the table anddisappeare

28、d into the dista nee.A. left; la in ope n B. leav in g; l ying ope nC. leav in g; lie ope ned D. left; lay ope ned此題答案選B，leaving在此表結果，lying open與其前的動詞leave有關, leave后接現在分詞作賓語補足語，表示使某人或某物處于做某事的狀態(tài)中。12. The boss in sisted that every mi nutemade full use ofthework well.A. be, to do B. was, doingC. be, do

29、ing D. was, to do【陷阱】容易誤選B。【分析】其實正確答案是 A。分析如下：第一空填be,是因為insisted后接that從句，從句謂語要用"should+ 動詞原形"這樣的虛擬語氣，其中的should也可省略。第二空要填to do，是因為此句謂語為被動語態(tài)，假若將此句轉換成主 動語態(tài)，貝U是 .should make full use of every minute to do the work well, 句中 涉及 make use of . to do sth （利用做某事）這一結構。另外，還有make themost of （盡量利用），make

30、 the best of （盡量利用）等短語也可能用于此類試題。請看以下類似例子：（1）The old professor told us every part of the materials should be made useofthe power stati on.A. to build B. build ingC. build D. built此題答案選A，不是B。為便于理解，可先考慮以下結構：.make use of every part of the materials to build the power stati on由此可見，make use of 的賓語是 every

31、part of the materials，其后的不定 式 to build the power station 為目的狀語。（2）Does the way you thought ofthe water clea n make any sen se?A. mak ing B. to makeC. how to make D. hav ing made此題答案選B，不是A。句子主語是the way，you thought of是修飾主語 的定語從句，不定式 to make the water clean 也是修飾主語的定語，也就是說， 句子主語帶有兩個定語修飾語。13. The man age

32、rs discussed the pla n that they would like to seethen ext year.A. carried out B. carry ing outC. carry out D. to carry out【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選?！痉治觥看鸢高xA。此句結構較復雜，現分析如下：(1) that they would like to seethe next year 是修飾名詞 the plan 的定語從句。(2) 由于the plan與空格處的carry out有被動關系，故填過去分詞 carried out。請做以下類似試題：(1) Who do

33、 you thi nk you'd likewith you, a boy or a girl?A. to have go B. to have to goC. to have gone D. hav ing to go在確定答案之前，我們先來看看下面這個句子：I thi nk rd like to have a boy go with me.句中的go要用原形，這是因為其前有表示使役的動詞have。在此句中，假若對名詞a boy提問，便可得出：Who do you think you'd like to have go with you?對照上面一題，答案很顯然是 A。(2)

34、 Who did the bosshis car this time?A. make wash B. make to washC. make washi ng D. maki ng to wash在做此題之前，也請先看看下面這個句子：The boss made Jack wash his car this time.假若對句中的名詞Jack提問，便可得出：Who did the boss make wash his car this time?由此可知上面題答案為A(3) You can n ever imag ine what great difficulty I hadyour house

35、 allby myself.A. found B. findingC. to find D. for finding此題答案選 B?？疾榈幕窘Y構是 have great difficulty (in) doing sth 。14. How happy we are! The holiday we have bee n look ing forwardat last.A. to has come B. to have comeC. to hav ing come D. has come【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。【分析】其實正確答案是A。大家知道，短語look forward to意為&q

36、uot;盼望" 其中的to是介詞，而不是不定式符號，所以后接動詞要用動名詞，許多同學據 此便選擇了 C。但問題是，句中介詞to的賓語不是have come，而是the holiday 正解的句子分析是：the holiday 為句子主語，we have been looking forward to 是 修飾主語的定語從句(介詞to的賓語是引導該定語從句的關系代詞that，被省略)，has come是句子謂語。請做以下類似試題：(1) The man you referred tojust now.A. comes B. comeC. coming D. came答案選D，句子主語為

37、the man， you referred to 為修飾the man的定語 從句，空白處填came，為句子謂語。(2) The theory he sticks toto be of no use in our studies.A. proves B. proveC. proving D. be proved答案選A，he sticks to是修飾主語the theory的定語從句，句子的基本結 構為 The theory proves to be of no use in our studies.(3) The work he devoted his time toworth praisi

38、 ng.A. was B. beC. being D. bee n答案選A, he devoted his time to是修飾主語 the work的定語從句。句子 的基本結構為 The work was worth praisi ng.(4) I think this is the very work that we must finishher.A. to help B. helpC. help ing D. helped答案是A。句中空格處填的動詞help并不是finish的賓語，正確的句子 分析是：that I must finish 是修飾名詞the very work 的定語從句

39、，finish的賓 語是引導該定語從句的關系代詞that，其后的不定式to help her是目的狀語。(5) Which do you enjoyyour weeke nd, swimmi ng or fish ing?A. spe nding B. being spe ntC. spend D. to spend答案選Do enjoy的賓語是句首的疑問詞 which，不是其后的動詞spending。此題中的to spend.用作目的狀語。(5) What the boy enjoysto have a room of his own.A. being B. to beC. is D. ar

40、e答案選C,而不選A。what the boy enjoys是主語從句，空格處填的is為 謂語動詞。(6) Noth ing that he suggestedto be of any use.A. prove B. proved C. proving D. to prove答案選B，而不選 C。句子主語是 nothing，that he suggested是修飾主語 的定語從句，suggested的賓語是引導該定語從句的關系代詞 that，而不是其后 的動詞；句子謂語是 proved。全句意為"他建議的情況沒有一條是有用的。"(7) The old house we pa

41、id a visitat the top of the hill.A. sta nding B. to sta ndC. to sta nding D. to sta nds答案選D。we paid a visit to 是修飾the old house的定語從句，句中的 stands為主句謂語。(8) The life he is now usedquite differe nt from ours.A. is B. to beC. to being D. to is答案選D。句中he is now used to是修飾the life的定語從句，to后的動 詞is是句子的謂語，句意為&qu

42、ot;他現在習慣的這種生活與我們的生活很不相同"(9) The work he paid special atte ntio nto no thi ng.A. came B. to comeC. to coming D. to came答案選D。句中的he paid special attention to 是修飾the work的定語從 句, to后的動詞came是句子的謂語，句意為"他特別關注的那項工作泡湯了 "(10) The result what he said would leadhis regret in the future.A. is B. to

43、 beC. to being D. to was答案選D。句中what he said would lead to 是修飾the result的定語從句, to后的動詞was是句子的謂語，句意為"他所說的話將導致的結果是他今后的 后悔"。15. the road round to the right and you'll find his house.A. Follow B. Followi ngC. To follow D. Followed【陷阱】容易誤選B或C,誤認為這是非謂語動詞作狀語?！痉治觥空_答案選 A。根據句中的連詞and可推知它是一個并列句。假 若

44、將此題改為下面這樣，則答案為B:the road round to the right, you'll find his house.A. Follow B. Followi ngC. To follow D. Followed但是，若改成下面一題這樣，則答案為C(不定式短語表目的)：the road round to the right, the bli nd man asked a boy to guide him.A. Follow B. Followi ngC. To follow D. Followed請做以下試題，答案均選 A，都是因為句中的并列連詞 and (填空句為祈

45、使句):(1) to the top of the hill, and you can see the whole of the town.A. Get B. To getC. Getti ng D. Havi ng got(2) the milk and set a good example to the other children.A. Drink B. To drinkC. Drinking D. Having drinking(3) me, and the n try to copy what I do.A. Watch B. Watchi ngC. To watch D. Have

46、 watch ing(4) through this book and tell me what you thi nk of it.A. Look B. Look ingC. To look D. Having looked(5) it with me and ril see what I can do.A. Leave B. Leav ingC. If you leave D. When left有時不用連詞連接句子，而用破折號，情況也是一樣(答案均選A)。如：(6) dow n the radio - the baby's asleep in the n ext room.A. Turn B. Turni ngC. to turn D. To have turned(7) some of this juice - perhaps you will like it.A. Try B. Tryi ngC. To try D. To have tried以下各題也應選A，是因為句中的從屬連詞when, before, until等(填空句為祈使句)：(8) him eno ugh time to get home