ASLA規(guī)劃設(shè)計榮譽獎NingboEcoCorridor

1、2013ASLA規(guī)劃設(shè)計榮譽獎 - Ningbo Eco-Corridor“The scale is astounding. What sets it apart, is the reality of the analysis. It is carefully considered, realistic, technically sound, and exciting. The rationality is clear and the design makes sense.”2013 Professional Awards Jury“這項工程規(guī)模驚人，基于現(xiàn)實的分析使其與眾不同。它是深思熟慮后

2、的杰作、實際且可行、令人振奮。設(shè)計明確合理，很有意義?！?013年專業(yè)獎評審團 Ningbo Eco-Corridor - 3.3 km Living Filter By SWA  寧波走廊創(chuàng)造性的綜合了當?shù)氐貏荨⑺暮椭脖惶攸c，將不適宜居住的棕地變成3.3千米長的“活體過濾器”，增加了生態(tài)環(huán)境的多樣性，協(xié)調(diào)了人類活動與野生環(huán)境的關(guān)系，在中國經(jīng)濟快速發(fā)展的環(huán)境下，成為城市可持續(xù)擴張與發(fā)展的典范。Through the innovative synthesis of topography, hydrology and vegetation, the Ningbo E

3、co-Corridor project transforms an uninhabitable brownfield into a 3.3km long “l(fā)iving filter” designed to restore a rich and diverse ecosystem, create synergy between human activity and wildlife habitat, and serve as valuable teaching tool and model for sustainable urban expansion and development in

4、China's rapidly advancing economy. Landscape Master Plan. Ningbo Eco-Corridor project transforms an uninhabitable brownfield into a 3.3km-long “l(fā)iving filter” designed to restore a rich and diverse ecosystem, and serve as a valuable teaching tool and model for sustainable urban development. 景觀總體

5、規(guī)劃。寧波生態(tài)走廊工程將不適于居住的廢棄棕地打造成綿延3.3公里的“活體過濾器”，旨在還原豐富多樣的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，并可作為城市可持續(xù)發(fā)展的教學典范。背景寧波位于中國東部沿海、長江三角洲的中心，城市人口為349萬（2010年人口普查），是中國最古老、最有名的城市之一，也是對外貿(mào)易的主要港口和重要的經(jīng)濟中心。和全國其他城市一樣，寧波近年來也面臨著迅速增長的人口數(shù)量給基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施造成的壓力，這也當?shù)卣O(shè)下了巨大的挑戰(zhàn)：既要調(diào)節(jié)城市密度，還不能對環(huán)境造成消極影響。2002年，為了減輕寧波老城的壓力，開創(chuàng)城市擴張的平衡生態(tài)新方法，寧波規(guī)劃部提出建設(shè)“寧波東部新城區(qū)”的計劃。該計劃包括6平方英里的城市發(fā)展多功能

6、用地，環(huán)抱在生態(tài)走廊四周，共同組成一條綠色線型網(wǎng)絡(luò)供人類和野生動植物和諧相處、欣欣向榮。區(qū)域生態(tài)環(huán)境寧波地處長江平原常綠林生態(tài)區(qū)的南部，生態(tài)區(qū)內(nèi)間歇性河流形成的湖盆，周圍發(fā)育著大片常綠橡樹林和蘆葦沼澤。但由于長期的農(nóng)耕作業(yè)和城市發(fā)展，濕地和水生生境大面積減少。現(xiàn)存濕地仍然是候鳥和水生生物重要的棲息地，如東方白鸛、天鵝、白枕鶴，水生生物有白鰭豚、揚子鱷、獐子和水獺。設(shè)計團隊深知濕地和水生生境對這片生態(tài)區(qū)意義重大，因此盡其所能恢復濕地，針對地域特點進行干預符合新時代的生態(tài)意識，具有歷史和文化意義。實地調(diào)查寧波運河系統(tǒng)一直以來承擔著防洪、灌溉和運輸三項任務(wù)。生態(tài)走廊區(qū)內(nèi)的運河由于轉(zhuǎn)作工業(yè)用途，又缺乏

7、有效分區(qū)和對污染的控制，導致運河水質(zhì)嚴重惡化。隨著工廠大量興建，施工挖掘出的受污染的土壤被非法任意傾倒，工廠污水未經(jīng)處理就隨著雨水徑流排入運河，并滯留在河水里。要想達到預期效果，需要掌握大量數(shù)據(jù)。因此，主要的景觀設(shè)計師協(xié)同相關(guān)顧問（水質(zhì)學家、濕地專家和水文工程師）展開詳細徹底的調(diào)查分析，充分了解當?shù)貭顩r、測繪出水文循環(huán)圖和自然水流分布圖、對潛在的協(xié)同效應(yīng)進行預判。實施打造“活體過濾器”通過分析，設(shè)計師和相關(guān)專家提出了修建微型長江生態(tài)區(qū)的構(gòu)想。在地勢相對較低的山坡間建造水道網(wǎng)絡(luò)以改善運河水質(zhì)，將雨水徑流引入新開發(fā)區(qū)域，修建河岸帶為野生生物提供棲息地，為新居民提供兼具休閑娛樂和教育教學功能的場所。

8、水文：蜿蜒的新水道提升水文功能目前缺乏系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃的無出口運河將不復存在，取而代之的是許多自由流動的小河、小溪還有池塘、沼澤。它們水流蜿蜒而緩慢，幾乎還原了低地河漫灘的原始狀態(tài)，以輔助重建原生生態(tài)環(huán)境。通過創(chuàng)新的生物修復技術(shù)模擬本土生態(tài)過程，新建成的水道可以改善運河水質(zhì)，目前運河中的水屬于最差的第V類水，僅適于工業(yè)用水和農(nóng)田灌溉，凈化后可達到適宜生態(tài)修復和人們休閑娛樂使用的第III類水。地形：丘陵山谷系統(tǒng)引導水流方向通過對周邊開發(fā)區(qū)的開挖與填埋，整個生態(tài)走廊區(qū)就成了地勢起伏的山丘和山谷。這些山丘山谷都是精心排布的，順著山谷形成的水道不僅可以通過沉積、曝氣和生物過程去除污染物，還為含水層的補給提供了

9、保障，在其流動過程中，也形成了多種不同的水體形態(tài)。植被：本地植物凈化水質(zhì)，營造生活環(huán)境在地勢起伏的景觀區(qū)，落葉樹種和常綠樹種的戰(zhàn)略布局體現(xiàn)了設(shè)計師對美學、規(guī)劃、生態(tài)和氣候的綜合考慮。大力種植本地植被將幫助走廊重建多樣的植被群落，吸引野生動物棲息于此。河岸的植被、生物洼地和雨水花園可以凈化來自附近開發(fā)區(qū)、其他建筑區(qū)等硬質(zhì)景觀的雨水。植物選擇營造了獨特的地域感：隨著地勢的變化，植被種類呈現(xiàn)組群差異，根據(jù)植物的不同高度、形態(tài)和顏色呈現(xiàn)出獨特的空間格局。與城市結(jié)構(gòu)融為一體生態(tài)走廊支撐著寧波新城的開放空間系統(tǒng)，將土地劃為多種用途，并將它們聯(lián)系在一起。生態(tài)走廊全長3.3千米，與周圍城市結(jié)構(gòu)和自然體系完美相

10、合。這條綠色絲帶與周圍景觀交相輝映，相得益彰。寧波生態(tài)走廊通過修復該區(qū)生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)為原生動植物提供了棲息地，改善了公共環(huán)境，為當?shù)睾透浇用駹I造出一個樂趣無限的公共空間，表明中外可持續(xù)發(fā)展已經(jīng)走上了一個新的臺階。  Recognizing that wetland and aquatic habitats hold the greatest conservation significance for this eco-region, the design team focused their energies on a site-specific intervention that wo

11、uld have historical and cultural relevance in the new era of eco-consciousness. 設(shè)計團隊深知濕地和水生生境對生態(tài)區(qū)的保護意義重大，因此盡其所能，因地制宜發(fā)揮干預作用，在生態(tài)意識的新時代里具有重大的歷史和文化意義。  Within the Eco-Corridor site, the historic canals that characterize the Ningbo region had become severely degraded with the introduction of industr

12、ial uses in the absence of effective zoning and pollution controls. 生態(tài)走廊區(qū)內(nèi)，運河曾經(jīng)是寧波的標志，用作工業(yè)用途后，由于缺乏整體分區(qū)規(guī)劃和污染控制，導致運河水質(zhì)嚴重惡化。  Hydrology filter layer: Replacing the existing system of dead-end and disconnected canals is a series of free-flowing rivulets, streams, ponds and marshland that will suppo

13、rt the re-establishment of the indigenous ecology.水文過濾層：目前缺乏系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃的無出口運河將不復存在，取而代之的是許多自由流動的小河、小溪還有池塘、沼澤，幫助重建原生生態(tài)環(huán)境。  Topography filter layers: Incorporating construction fill from the surrounding development areas, the corridor is carefully graded to create hills and valleys that direct the flow

14、of water across the site.Vegetation filter layers: Native vegetation supports plant diversity and encourages colonization by indigenous wildlife. Variegated plantings also serve to purify ground water, cleanse stormwater run-off and create a unique sense of place.地形過濾層：通過合理的開挖與填埋，整個生態(tài)走廊區(qū)會形成嚴格分級的山丘山谷

15、區(qū)，引導水流途徑。植被過濾層：本地植被有利于植物多樣化，吸引當?shù)匾吧鷦游飾⒂诖?。豐富多樣的植物也承擔著凈化地下水和雨水徑流的職責，營造獨特的地域感。 The Eco-Corridor zone is carefully graded into contours creating a terrain of hills and valleys. Valley waterways serve to remove pollutants through settlement, aeration and bio-processing, while the hills provide vista poin

16、ts for visitors and increase habitat diversity.生態(tài)走廊區(qū)經(jīng)過精心分級，形成山丘山谷地形。山谷形成的水道通過沉積、曝氣和生物作用去除污染物，山丘為游客提供觀景場地，也增加了生活環(huán)境多樣性。 The Eco-Corridor zone is carefully graded into contours creating a terrain of hills and valleys. Valley waterways serve to remove pollutants through settlement, aeration and bio-proc

17、essing, while the hills provide vista points for visitors and increase habitat diversity.生態(tài)走廊區(qū)經(jīng)過精心分級，形成山丘山谷地形。山谷形成的水道通過沉積、曝氣和生物作用去除污染物，山丘為游客提供觀景場地，也增加了生活環(huán)境多樣性。  Water sampling and mapping of the local hydrological cycle and natural flow of water across the site inform strategies for water quali

18、ty improvement from Class V, restricted use to Class III, suitable for recreational activities.通過水樣采集和繪制當?shù)厮难h(huán)圖和自然水流分布圖，制定出水質(zhì)改善策略，從僅限工農(nóng)業(yè)使用的第V類水改善成適宜文娛活動的第III類水。  In collaboration with water-quality scientists, a system is designed using passive and active methods to aerate and encourage water m

19、ovement over plant roots to remove contaminants. 通過與水質(zhì)學家合作，設(shè)計師通過使用主動和被動充氣方法，促進地下水流穿過植物根系去除污染物。  In collaboration with wetland experts, a site-specific system of free water surface, floating, and riparian wetland are designed to remove targeted pollutants. 通過與濕地專家合作，由自由水體表層、流動和河岸濕地構(gòu)成的特定地域系統(tǒng)可以對目標

20、污染物起到移除作用。  Stormwater run-off is collected and treated before entering the major waterway. This process is demonstrated and included in the park program and design for educational purposes. 雨水徑流經(jīng)過集中收集、處理后排入主水道。整個過程已經(jīng)得到驗證并納入園區(qū)計劃中，還可用于以后的教育教學。  Stormwater run-off is collected and treated be

21、fore entering the major waterway. This process is demonstrated and included in the park program and design for educational purposes. 雨水徑流經(jīng)過集中收集、處理后排入主水道。整個過程已經(jīng)得到驗證并納入園區(qū)計劃中，還可用于以后的教育教學。  The Riparian Buffer zone replaces existing impervious, vertical canal banks with soft, sloping vegetated bank

22、s. The riparian planting edge provides a green buffer and aquatic habitat, and aids the removal of contaminants from canal water and stormwater runoff. 河岸緩沖帶取代了運河防水抗?jié)B的垂直河岸，緩沖帶土壤松軟，坡度偏緩，覆蓋著植被。河岸植被邊緣的綠色緩沖區(qū)形成水生環(huán)境，并有助于從運河水和雨水徑流中去除污染物。  Wildlife Habitat structures like habitat logs and perch trees a

23、re planned along the riparian edge to jump start habitat complexity and species richness function. 野生動物棲息地結(jié)構(gòu)諸如原木棲息地和樹木棲息地將沿著河岸邊緣發(fā)育，構(gòu)成復雜的棲息地，維持豐富的生物種類。  The design team identified emergent sustainable opportunities like waste concrete and excessive soil from surrounding urban development to crea

24、te landscape topography to direct water, buffer the urban environment, provide vista points, and increase habitat diversity.設(shè)計團隊還采取了可持續(xù)性建設(shè)，比如利用廢棄的混凝土和周邊城市發(fā)展產(chǎn)生的過量土壤建成起伏的景觀地形引導水流途徑，緩解城市環(huán)境，提供觀景點以及增加生活環(huán)境多樣性。 Ningbo Eco-Corridor creates vital habitat for native flora and fauna, enhances public health, cr

25、eates fun and enjoyable public spaces for local and neighboring communities, and raises the bar for sustainable development in China and beyond.寧波生態(tài)走廊是本地動植物的重要棲息地，不僅改善了公共衛(wèi)生、還為當?shù)睾透浇用裉峁┝艘粋€樂趣無窮的公共空間。 Project narrativeBackgroundSituated on China's eastern coastline in the heart of the Yangtze

26、River Delta, with an urban population of 3.49 million (2010 Census), the city of Ningbo is one of China's oldest and best-known cities, a key port for foreign trade, and an important economic center. As with many other cities across the country, phenomenal population growth in recent years has p

27、ut an enormous strain on infrastructure, posing a monumental challenge for the local government to accommodate urban densification while minimizing negative environmental impacts.In 2002, with the intention of alleviating pressure on the Old City while setting a precedent for a balanced, ecological

28、approach to urban expansion, the Ningbo Planning department called for a master plan for the creation of the “Ningbo Eastern New City.” The plan would include 6 square miles of mixed-use urban development organized around a signature “Eco-Corridor,” comprised of a linear network of green spaces in w

29、hich humans, wildlife and plants could inhabit, co-exist, and thrive.Eco-Regional ContextNingbo is situated in the southern part of Changjiang Plain Evergreen Forest Eco-Region within the low-lying Changjiang (Yangtze) River delta.This eco-region was historically characterized by extensive evergreen

30、 oak forests and reed swamps surrounding seasonally-inundated lake basins. Centuries of agriculture and recent urban development have resulted in a significant loss of wetland and aquatic habitat. The few wetlands that remain provide vital habitat for migratory birds such as oriental white storks, s

31、wan geese, and Siberian and white-naped cranes, and aquatic animals such as Yangtze River dolphins, Yangtze alligators, Chinese water deer, and otters.Recognizing that wetland and aquatic habitats hold the greatest conservation significance for this eco-region, the design team focused its energies o

32、n wetland restoration as the impetus for a site-specific intervention that would have historical and cultural relevance in this new era of eco-consciousness.Site InvestigationThe Ningbo region is characterized by a canal system that historically performed a set of functions including flood control,

33、irrigation and transportation. Within the Eco-Corridor site, the canals had become severely degraded with the introduction of industrial uses in the absence of effective zoning and pollution controls. As successive generations of factories were built, contaminated soil from construction excavation w

34、as dumped illegally and randomly through out the area, with factory sewage and stormwater runoff allowed to flow untreated into the canals rendered stagnant by ad-hoc infill.Knowing that an effective and meaningful intervention would require sufficient data about the underlying conditions of the sit

35、e, a thorough analysis was conducted by the leading landscape architects and affiliated consultants-including water-quality scientists, wetland experts, and hydrologic engineers-in order to fully understand the existing conditions, map the local hydrological cycle and natural flow of water across th

36、e site, and identify potential synergies.Implementation - Building a Living FilterOut of this analysis emerged the concept of creating a microcosm of the Changjiang eco-region. A networked series of waterways organized by low, undulating hills was designed to treat polluted water from the establishe

37、d canal system, manage stormwater runoff from the newly developed areas, establish riparian zones for the restoration of wildlife habitat, and provide recreational and educational opportunities for the new inhabitants.Hydrology: a new meandering watercourse to improve hydrological functionReplacing

38、the existing system of dead-end and disconnected canals is a series of free-flowing rivulets, streams, ponds and marshland. The hydrological flow is designed to be slow and meandering, approximating the original conditions of the lowland floodplain, in order to support the re-establishment of the na

39、tive ecology.Through innovative bio-remediation technologies that mimic indigenous ecological processes, the newly constructed watercourse improves the existing quality of the canal water from Class V, restricted to industrial and agricultural uses and not fit for human habitation, to Class III, whi

40、ch is suitable for ecological restoration and recreational use.Topography: a system of hills and valleys directs water flowIncorporating fill from excavation in the surrounding development areas, the entire Eco-Corridor zone is carefully graded and shaped into contours creating a terrain of hills an

41、d valleys. The valley waterways serve to remove pollutants through settlement, aeration and bio-processing, allow retention for aquifer recharge, and highlight the different modalities of water as it moves across the site. The hills also serve to buffer the urban environment, frame views to the New City, provide vista points for visitors, and increase habitat diversity.Vegetation: native plantings cleanse water and create