統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的重要性

1、統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)介紹統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)以概率論為基礎(chǔ)的方法論學(xué)科，它在幾乎所有的領(lǐng)域里面都具 有重要的應(yīng)用，統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)知識(shí)理論就像我們?nèi)粘Ｊ褂玫碾娔X一樣必不可 少，是現(xiàn)代高級(jí)人才必備一種素質(zhì)，在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中沒(méi)有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)知識(shí)的 人就如同一“文盲”.統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)在人類活動(dòng)當(dāng)中舉足輕重.統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)在工業(yè)、商業(yè)、貿(mào)易、物理 學(xué)、化學(xué)、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、數(shù)學(xué)、生物學(xué)、植物學(xué)、心理學(xué)、天文學(xué)等等方 面都扮演重要的角色，因此統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的應(yīng)用非常廣泛，幾乎涵蓋每一個(gè) 領(lǐng)域，下面我們來(lái)具體看一下它能運(yùn)用在哪些方面 .1.統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)將幫助您成為一位成功的商人.成功的商人必須能夠快速 準(zhǔn)確做出決策.如果你知道客戶需要什么，那么你就知道該生產(chǎn)什 么，生產(chǎn)多少.統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)將能幫助

2、你制定生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃，同時(shí)也能幫助你 有效地檢驗(yàn)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量，它能讓你在關(guān)于企業(yè)地理位置、產(chǎn)品營(yíng)銷、 金融資源等問(wèn)題上做出正確的決定.1) Business:Statistics play an importa nt role in bus in ess. A successful bus in essma n must be very quick and accurate in decision making. He knows that what his customers wan ts, he should therefore, know what to produceand sell and i

3、n what qua ntities. Statistics helps bus in essma n to pla n product on accord ing to the taste of the costumers, the quality of the products can also be checked more efficiently by using statistical methods. So all the activities of the bus in essma nbased on statistical information. He can make co

4、rrect decision about the location of bus in ess, marketi ng of the products, finan cial resources etc2.如果你想在經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)方面有所發(fā)展，那萬(wàn)萬(wàn)是離不開統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的.經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)在很大程度上依賴于統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)，國(guó)民收入帳戶對(duì)于經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家和管 理者來(lái)說(shuō)是具有多重目的性的指標(biāo)，統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)是建立這些帳戶的基礎(chǔ).在經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的研究中統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法被用來(lái)收集、分析數(shù)據(jù)，并作出檢驗(yàn) 假設(shè).統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的方法可以用來(lái)研究供求關(guān)系，進(jìn)出口，通貨膨脹， 人均收入等等問(wèn)題的研究都離不開統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué).(2) In Economics:Statistics pl

5、ay an important role in economics. Economics largely depe nds upon statistics. Nati onal in come acco unts are multipurpose in dicators for the econo mists and admi nistrators. Statistical methods are used for preparati on of these acco un ts. In econo mics research statistical methods are used for

6、collecting and analysis the data and testing hypothesis. The relati on ship betwee n supply and dema nds is studies by statistical methods, the imports and exports, the inflation rate, the per capita in come are the problems which require good kno wledge of statistics.3如果您想在數(shù)學(xué)領(lǐng)域有所發(fā)展，請(qǐng)務(wù)必學(xué)好統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué).統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)與數(shù)學(xué)

7、密不可分，他們的很多東西都是互通的.所以想要學(xué)好數(shù)學(xué)也得要 學(xué)好統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué).(3) In Mathematics:Statistical plays a central role in almost all natural and social sciences.The methods of n atural scie nces are most reliable but con clusi ons draw from them are only probable, becausethey are based on in complete evidenee. Statistical helps i

8、n describing these measurements more precisely. Statistics is branch of applied mathematics. The large nu mber of statistical methods like probability averages,dispersions, estimation etc is used in mathematics and different techniques of pure mathematics like integration, differentiation and algebr

9、a are used in statistics.4. 如果您將來(lái)想入銀行業(yè)，那么你就離不開統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué).因?yàn)殂y行在很多的方面必須要用到統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的方法.(4) In Banking:Statistics play an important role in banking. The banks make use of statistics for a number of purposes. The banks work on the principle that all the people who deposit their money with the banks do not withdraw i

10、t at the same time. The bank earns profits out of these deposits by lending to others on in terest. The ban kers use statistical approaches based on probability to estimate the numbers of depositors and their claims for a certa in day.5. 如果您將來(lái)想成為一名管理人才，那么缺乏統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)知識(shí)是簡(jiǎn)直是 不可想象的事情.許多的國(guó)家政策的制定都基于統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)，統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù) 據(jù)是被

11、廣泛用于管理決策.(5) In State Management (Administration):Statistics is essential for a country. Different policies of the government are based on statistics. Statistical data are now widely used in taking all admi nistrative decisi ons. Suppose if the gover nment wants to revise the pay scales of employees

12、 in view of an in crease in the livi ng cost, statistical methods will be used to determ ine the rise in the cost of livi ng. Preparation of federal and provincial government budgets mainly depends upon statistics because it helps in estimating the expected expenditures and revenue from different so

13、urces. So statistics are the eyes of administration of the state.6. 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)在會(huì)計(jì)和審計(jì)中運(yùn)用相當(dāng)廣泛.想學(xué)會(huì)計(jì)與審計(jì)的同學(xué)統(tǒng) 計(jì)學(xué)知識(shí)是必不可少的.(6) In Accounting and Auditing:Accounting is impossible without exactness.But for decision making purpose, so much precisi on is not esse ntial the decisi on may be take n on the basis of appr

14、oximation, know as statistics. The correction of the values of current asserts is made on the basis of the purchasing power of money or the curre nt value of it.In auditing sampling techniques are commonly used. An auditor determ ines the sample size of the book to be audited on the basis of error.7

15、. 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)在幾乎所有的自然科學(xué)和社會(huì)科學(xué)中都不可或缺.統(tǒng)計(jì)方法被廣泛用來(lái)分析實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果，檢驗(yàn)顯著性，比如生物、物理、化學(xué)(7) In Natural and Social Sciences:Statistics plays a vital role in almost all the natural and social sciences. Statistical methods are commonly used for analyzing the experiments results, testing their significanee in Biology, Physics, Chem

16、istry,Mathematics, Meteorology, Research chambers of commerce,Sociology, Busin ess, Public Admi nistratio n,Communi cati on andIn formati on Tech no logy etc 8. 如果您有志成為天文學(xué)方面的人才，你得學(xué)好統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)才行.（8）In Astronomy:Astr onomy is one of the oldest branch of statistical study, it deals withthe measurementof dista

17、nee, sizes, massesand densities of heavenly bodies by means of observati ons. Duri ng these measureme nts errors are unavoidable so most probable measurements are founded by using statistical methods.Example: This distance of moon from the earth is measured. Since old days the astronomers have been

18、statistical methods like method of least squares for finding the moveme nts of stars.大學(xué)大多數(shù)學(xué)科將會(huì)涉及統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)（下面只是其中一些直接以統(tǒng)計(jì)為基礎(chǔ)的學(xué)科，還有很多專業(yè)或?qū)W科也是跟統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)相關(guān)的）：Statistics is the mathematical science involving the collection, analysis and interpretation of data. A number of specialties have evolved to apply statistical

19、theory and methods to various disciplines. Certain topics have "statistical" in their name but relate to manipulations of probability distributions rather than to statistical an alysis.（精算）Actuarial scienceis the discipline that applies mathematical and statistical methods to assess risk i

20、n thinsuranceand finance industries.* （生物統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)）Biostatisticsis a branch of （生物）biology that studies biological phe nomena and observati ons by means of statistical an alysis, and in cludes （醫(yī)學(xué)統(tǒng)計(jì)）medical statistics« （商業(yè)分析）Businessanalytics is a rapidly develop ing bus in ess process that applies s

21、tatistical methods to data sets （often very large） to develop new in sights and un dersta nding of bus in ess performa nee & opport un ities« （化學(xué)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)）Chemometricsis the scienee of relating measurements made on a chemical system or process to the state of the system via application of mathema

22、tical or statistical methods.« （人口統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)）Demography is the statistical study of all populations. It can be a very general scienee that can be applied to any kind of dynamic population, that is, one that changes over time or space.* （計(jì)量經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)） Econometrics is a branch of economics that applies statist

23、ical methods to the empirical study of economic theories and relati on ships.* （環(huán)境統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)） Environmental statistics is the application of statistical methods to environmentai scienee Weather, climate, air and water quality are in cluded, as are studies of pla nt and ani mal populatio ns.* （流行病學(xué)）Epidemio

24、logy is the study of factors affecting the health andill ness of populatio ns, and serves as the foun dati on and logic of in terve nti ons made in the in terest of public health and preve ntive medici ne.« （統(tǒng)計(jì)地質(zhì)學(xué)） Geostatisticsis a branch of geography that deals with the an alysis of data from

25、 discipli nes such as petroleum geology, hydrogeology, hydrology, meteorology, ocea no graphy geochemistry, geography.* （運(yùn) 籌學(xué)）Operations research （or Operational Research） is an interdisciplinary branch of applied mathematics and formal science that uses methods such as mathematical modeli ng, stati

26、stics, and algorithms to arrive at optimal or n ear optimal soluti ons to complex problems.* （種群生態(tài)學(xué)） Population ecologyis a sub-field of ecology that deals with the dyn amics of species populati ons and how these populati ons in teract with the en vir onment* （心理測(cè)驗(yàn)學(xué)） Psychometricsis the theory and t

27、ech nique of educati onal and psychological measurement of knowledge, abilities, attitudes, andpers on ality traits.* （質(zhì)量控制）Quality control reviews the factors involved in manufacturing and production; it can make use olstatistical sampling of product items to aid decisions in process controlor in a

28、ccepting deliveries.« （數(shù)理心理學(xué)） Quantitative psychology is the scienee of statistically expla ining and cha nging men tal processes and behaviors in huma ns.« （可靠性工程學(xué)）Reliability Engineering is the study of the ability of a system or component to perform its required functions under stated c

29、on diti ons for a specified period of time« （統(tǒng)計(jì)金融）Statistical finance, an area of econophysics is an empirical attempt to shift finance from its normative roots to a positivist framework using exemplars from statistical physics with an emphasis on emerge nt or collective properties of finan cia

30、l markets.* （統(tǒng)計(jì)力學(xué)） Statistical mechanicsis the applicati on of probability theory, which in cludes mathematical tools for deali ng with large populati ons, to the field of mechanics which is concerned with the motion of particles or objects whe n subjected to a force.* （統(tǒng)計(jì)物理學(xué)） Statistical physics is

31、 one of the fun dame ntal theories of physics and uses methods of probability theory in solving physical problems.« （統(tǒng)計(jì)熱力學(xué)） Statistical thermodynamicss the study of the microscopic behaviors of thermod yn amic systemsus ing probability theory and provides a molecular level interpretation of the

32、rmodynamic quantities such as work, heat free energy and entropy.美國(guó)大學(xué)統(tǒng)計(jì)專業(yè)排名1 Stanford University 斯坦福大學(xué)2 Uni versity of California Berkeley加州大學(xué)伯克利分校3 Harvard University 哈佛大學(xué)3 University of Washington 華盛頓大學(xué)5 Johns Hopkins University約翰霍普金斯大學(xué)6 The University of Chicago 芝加哥大學(xué)9 Carnegie Mellon University 卡內(nèi)基美隆大學(xué)10 Duke University 杜克大學(xué)12 North Carolina State University 北卡羅來(lái)納州立大學(xué)12 Texas A&M University 德州 A&M 大學(xué)12 University of Michigan Ann Arbor密西根大學(xué)-安娜堡分校12 University