現(xiàn)在完成時講解和練習(xí)

1、現(xiàn)在完成時講解和練習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時講解 一基本結(jié)構(gòu)：助動詞 have/has+ 過去分詞 (done)二 句型：否定句：主語 +have/has+not+ 過去分詞 + 其他 .一般疑問句： Have/Has+ 主語 +過去分詞 + 其他 .簡略答語 : Yes, 主語 + have/has.( 肯定 )No, 主語 + havent/hasnt.( 否定 )三用法( 1 )現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造 成的影響或結(jié)果I have spent all of my money (so far).( 含義是 : 現(xiàn)在我沒有錢花了 .)Guo zijun has (just/alrea

2、dy) come. ( 含義：郭子君現(xiàn)在在這兒 ）My father has gone to work. （ 含義是 : 我爸爸現(xiàn)在不在這兒 ） （ 2）現(xiàn)在完成時可以用來表示發(fā)生在過去某一時刻的,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作（用行為動詞表示）或狀態(tài)（ be 動詞表示）常 與 for（ +時間段） ,since（ +時間點或過去時的句子）連用.1for+ 時段2since+過去一個時間點（譯為：自從.以來）3since+時段 +ago4since+從句（過去時）It is+時段+since+從句（過去時）Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here

3、since 1998.四 has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的區(qū)別Have/Has gone（to） : 去了 （現(xiàn)在不在說話現(xiàn)場 ）Where is your father ？ He has gone to Shanghai.Have/Has been （to） : 去過（已不在去過的地方）My father has been to Shanghai.Have/has been in ：呆了多久（還在所呆的地方）My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two monthsa

4、go.五現(xiàn)在完成時的標(biāo)志1. 現(xiàn)在完成時的含義之一是過去完成的動作對現(xiàn)在仍有 影響 ,用以下四大標(biāo)志詞可以表達(dá)這種含義:* 以 already, just 和 yet 為標(biāo)志He has already got her help. 他已得到她的幫助。 He has justseen the film. 他剛剛看過這場電影。He hasnt come back yet.他還沒有回來。* 以 ever 和 never 為標(biāo)志This is the best film I have ever seen.這是我曾經(jīng)看過的最好的一部電影。He has never been to Beijing. 他從沒

5、有到過北京。* 以動作發(fā)生的次數(shù)為標(biāo)志He says he has been to the USA three times.他說他已經(jīng)去過美國三次了。* 以 so far （到目前為止）為標(biāo) +beforeHe has got to Beijing so far.到目前為止他已到了北京。She has passed the exam so far. 到目前為止她已經(jīng)通過了 考試。2.過去已經(jīng)開始的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在, 甚至有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去 ,我們可以從動作“延續(xù)”的特性和“時間”點段的區(qū) 分入手 ,進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時。He hasnt come back yet.他還沒有回來。for+時段

6、 since+過去一個時間點（過去 從句）為標(biāo)志注意： 1)現(xiàn)在完成時不能單獨與過去的時間狀語連用, 如yesterday, last week, three years ago 等; 2)不能與 when 連用2.現(xiàn)在完成時往往同表示不確定的過去時間狀語連用六過去分詞1 、規(guī)則動詞：規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則與規(guī)則動詞的過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則相同。四點變化規(guī)則：(1) 、一般動詞，在詞尾直接加“ed ”。work-worked-worked ,visit-visited-visited(2) 、以“ e ”結(jié)尾的動詞，只在詞尾加“ d ”。live-lived-lived ,(3)、以“輔音字母

7、 + y ”結(jié)尾的動詞，將 y 變?yōu)?i ，再加“ ed ”。study-studied-studied ,cry-cried-cried(4)、重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母，先雙寫 該輔音字母，再加“ ed ”。stop-stopped-stopped , drop-dropped-dropped2 、不規(guī)則動詞：AAA 型原型 過去式 過去分詞burst burst bursthurt hurt hurt let let letcast cast cast cost cost cost cut cut cut hit hit hit put put putset set set s

8、hut shut shut spread spread spreadread read read read 原形發(fā)音為 /ri:d/, 過去式和過去分詞發(fā)音為 /red/AAB 型beat beat beatenABA 型become became become run ran run come came come 特殊情況ABB 型bring brought brought buy bought boughtbuild built built burn burnt burnt catch caught caught digdug dug feel felt felt fight fought

9、 fought find found foundhear heard heard hold held held keep kept kept lay laidlaidlead led led lose lost lost make made made meet metmet sell sold sold shoot shot shot sit sat sat stand stoodstood sweep swept swept teach taught taught tell toldtold think thought thought win won wonABC 型begin began

10、begun blow blew blown break brokebroken choose chose chosen draw drew drawn drivedrove driven drink drank drunk fly flew flown forgiveforgave forgiven forget forgot forgotten freeze frozefrozen give gave given grow grew grown know knewknown ride rode ridden rise rose risen ring rang rungshake shook

11、shaken sing sang sungsink sank sunk swim swam swumthrow threw thrownwrite wrote written七.瞬間動詞(buy, die, join, come , go ,leave, join .)不能直接與 for since 連用。要改變動詞buy-have borrow -keepcome/arrive/reach/get to-be ingo out- be out leave - be awaybegin- be on finish- be overopen- be open close -be closeddi

12、e-be dead 1.have 代替 buyMy brother has had（ 不能用 has bought）this bike for almostfour years. 2、用 keep 或 have 代替 borrowI have kept（ 不能用 have borrowed）the book for quite a fewdays. 3、用 be 替代 becomeHow long has your sister been a teacher? 4、用 have a cold 代替 catch a coldTom has had a cold since the day bef

13、ore yesterday. 5、用 wear 代替 put on b）用“ be +形容詞”代終止性動詞1、be married 代 marry 2 、be ill 代 fall (get) ill 3、be dead 代 die 4 、be asleep 代 fall (get) asleep5 、 be awake 代 wake/wake up 6、 be gone 代lose,die,sell,leave7、be open 代 open 8、be closed 代 close/shut9、be missing(gone,lost) 代 losec)用“ be+副詞”代終止性動詞1 “b

14、e+ on” 代 start, begin2“ be+ up ”代 get up3“ be+ back(to) ”代 return to, come back to, go back to4“ be here (there) ”代 come(arrive, reach, get) here 或 go(arrive, reach, get) there 等等d）用“ be +介詞短語”代終止性動詞1. “ be in/at + 地點”代替 go to /come to2. 用 be in the army 代替 join the army3. “ be in/at + 地點”代替 move to

15、 常用瞬間動詞變延續(xù)性動詞表：1.have arrived at/in sw. got to/reachedcome/gone/moved to sw.Thave been in sw./at相應(yīng)的介詞2. have come/gone back/returnedThave been back3. have come/gone outthave been outsw.d）用“ be +介詞短語”代終止性動詞4. have becomethave been5. have closed / opened have been close/open6. have got up have been up

16、 ;7. have died have been dead；8. have left sw. have been away from sw.9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep have been asleep；10. have finished/ended/completed have been over；11. have married have been married；12. have started/begun to do sth. have done sth.；13. have begun have been on14. have borrowed/

17、bought have kept/had15. have lost haven t had16. have put on have worn17. have caught /get a cold have had a cold ;18. have got to know have known19. have/has gone to have been in20.have joined/have taken part in the league/theParty/the army have been a member of/ have been in/have been theParty s m

18、ember/the league member/the soldier 現(xiàn)在完成時練習(xí) （一 ）A）選用 have, has 填空：1.I _ told him the news.2.She _ come back from school.3.You _ won the game.B）按要求改寫下列各句：4. They have bought a computer.（ 改成否定句 ）5. He has lost his book.（先改成一般疑問句 ,再作肯定與否定回答 ）C）單項選擇6. -Where have you _, Kate?-Ive _ to the bank.A. gone,

19、gone B. been, been C. gone, been7. Her grandfather _ for two years.A. died B. has died C. has been dead D. has been died8. Its six weeks _ I met you last.A. when B. since C. before D. for9. Tom and Jack have arrived at West Hill Farm already.A. have got B. have gone to C. have been to D. have reache

20、dD. been, gone現(xiàn)在完成時練習(xí)（二）一、單項選擇。1、 Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _ whatshappened to him . （呼和浩特）A. knewB. have knownC. must knowD.will know2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ?A. alreadyB.neverC.everD. still3、 Have you met Mr Li _ ？A. justB. agoC.beforeD. a moment ago4、 The famous writer _o

21、ne new book in the past twoyears .A. is writingB.was writingC.wroteD.has written5、 Our country _ a lot so far .Yes . I hope it will be even _ .A. has changed ; wellB. changed ; goodC. has changed ; betterD. changed ; better6、 Zhao Lan _already _in this school for twoyears .A. was ; studyingB. will ;

22、 studyC. has ; studiedD. are ; studying7、 We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .A. knowB. had knownC. have knownD. knew8、 Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice .A. will seeB. have seenC. sawD.see9、 These farmers have been to the United States .Really ? When _there ?A. will they goB. did

23、they goC. do they goD. have they gone10、 _ you _ your homework yet ?Yes . I _ it a moment ago .A. Did ; do ; finishedB. Have ; done ; finishedC. Have ; done ; have finishedD. will ; do ; finish11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 .A. joinedB. has joinedC. was inD. has been in12、 Do you know him wel

24、l ?Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago .A. wereB. have beenC. have becomeD. have made13、 How long have you _ here ?About two months .A. beenB. goneC. comeD. arrived14、 Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes .A. has begunB. had begunC. has been onD. began15、 It _ ten years since he left the army .A.

25、 isB. hasC. willD. was16、 Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to thelibrary .A.has goneB. wentC.will goD. has been17、My parents _Shandong for ten years .A. have been inB. have been toC. have gone toD. have been18、 The students have cleaned the classroom, ?A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. hav

26、ent they19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?A. How soon, comes B. How often, gotC. How long, came D. How far, arrived20、 His uncle_ for more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has started to workC. has lived there D. has left the university二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。1、 He has never surfed, ?

27、 （改成反意疑問句）2、 They have been here since 2000. （ 對劃線部分提問 ）_ _ they bee n here?3、The old man_ last year. He _for a year. （die） （動詞填空）4、This factory opened twenty years ago.（ 同義句轉(zhuǎn)換 ）This factory _ for twenty years.5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. （ 同義句轉(zhuǎn)換 ）Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hourago.6、Her mother has been a

28、Party member for three years . （同 義句）Her mother _ the Party three years _ .7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. （ 同義 句轉(zhuǎn)換 ）_ two years _ the Green family moved toFrance.8、 The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. （ 兩個句子合并成一個句子 ）三、漢譯英。1、 吉姆已做完作業(yè)，他現(xiàn)在有空了。2、 他昨天收到一封信。3、 我父親以前到過長

29、城。4、 她還沒有看過那部新電影。5、 她去過上海。6、 他這些天上哪兒去了？參考答案：一、單項選擇。1、現(xiàn)在完成時主要強調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響， 或過去發(fā)生的動作還未結(jié)束，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或?qū)恚攸c 在于對現(xiàn)在的影響。這種考查難度較大，往往無時間狀語，需要從上下文分析、推理才行。故上兩側(cè)根據(jù)上下文分析、 推理，正確答案是B。2、 現(xiàn)在完成時常與 already （已經(jīng)）， just （剛剛，正好） ， ever （曾經(jīng)）， never （從來，也不；從不） ， before （以前）， yet （仍然）等連用。故 2 應(yīng)選 B。3、 C4、 現(xiàn)在完成時常與 recently （近來）， so far （到目前為止） ，in the past/ “l(fā)ast + 一段時間”等時間狀語連用。因為上述 短語表示的是從現(xiàn)在起往前推算的一段時間， 句中的動作是 從過去某一時間或時刻開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的。故4 應(yīng)選 D。5、 C6、 現(xiàn)在完成時時常與“ for + 時間段或 since + 過去時間點” 連用（含從句，從句過去時） 。故 6 應(yīng)選 C。7、 C&am