第十章 翻譯與辭格

1、第十章 翻譯與辭格 英漢對譯： 比喻（comparison) 反語 （irony) 轉(zhuǎn)喻 （metonymy) 排比 （parallelism) 擬人（personification ) 設問 （question and answer) 夸張 （hyperbole) 反問 （rhetorical question) 諱飾 （euphemism) 借代 （antonomasia) 呼告 （apostrophe 10.1 比喻明喻（simile)與暗喻（metaphor) 明喻：as, like, as if, as though等 1，直譯（保留原文中的比喻詞）： 例1）The Red Man

2、has ever fled the approach of the White Man, as the morning mist flees before the morning sun. 2) Today is fair. Tomorrow may be overcast with clouds. My words are like the stars that never change. 10.1 比喻明喻（simile)與暗喻（metaphor) 3) 老榕樹的影子，也越來越看得更清楚了。真像一位登高而望歸人的老者呢。 4) 他突然高聲大笑，好像說了什么笑話似的。10.1 比喻10.1.

3、1 明喻（simile) 2. 英語中的asas結(jié)構(gòu)大多直譯成漢語: as white as snow as cold as iceas blind as an owlas cheap as dirtas busy as a bee as beautiful as the sun10.1 比喻10.1.1明喻（simile) 3. 由于文化上的差異，有的asas結(jié)構(gòu)用意譯法： as clear as day as clear as a bell as clear as a whistle as bold as brass as black as ones hat as bald as a co

4、ot10.1 比喻10.1.2 暗喻（metaphor） 1. 直譯： 1) Now if death be of such a nature, I say that to die is gain; for eternity is then only a single night. 2) Three years jungle life had turned him into a wild beast.10.1 比喻10.1.2 暗喻（metaphor） 3) 卑鄙是卑鄙者的通行證， 高尚是高尚者的墓志銘。 4) 一切都變了，她的最親密的文城變成了死城。 她的老父親變成了活在地獄的“人鬼”。10

5、.1 比喻10.1.2 暗喻（metaphor） 2. 根據(jù)需要，暗喻采用意譯譯成明喻： She is a fox. He is a weathercock. She s a nightingale when she sings. He dashed out like an arrow. He is a goose. 10.2 轉(zhuǎn)喻 1. 直譯 1) Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? 2) Only one thing will solve thi

6、s casethe little grey cells of the brain. 3) What they could not solve with words, they solved with bloodshed.10.2 轉(zhuǎn)喻 2. 意譯 1) John spent many years in chains before he saw his family again. 2) Have I in conquest stretchd mine arm so far To be afeard to tell greybeards the truth?10.3 擬人1. 直譯法再現(xiàn)原文的生動

7、形象 1) To its residents, Vesuvius was a benefactor not an enemy. But without any warning, Mount Vesuvius roared to life. 2) And certainly, whenever the wind blew, the Reed made the most graceful curtseys. 3) Crime burst in like a flood; modesty, truth, and honor fled.10.3 擬人 4) 田野的秩序變得井井有條， 土地把債務都已還清

8、， 谷子進倉了，泥土休憩了， 自然舒一口氣，吹來了爽風。10.3 擬人 2. 有時意譯更符合譯文表達習慣 1) The ship sadly caught fire and the plans to make her a floating museum died in the smoldering embers. 2) 春天正向我們走來。10.4 夸張 1. 直譯保留原文的感染力 1） “Atem,all handsall hands!” he roared, in a voice of thunder. 2) Nay, he saidyes you diddeny it if you can

9、, that you would not have confessed the truth, though master had cut you to pieces.10.4 夸張 3) 為了讓兄弟們的肩頭 擔起整個大地，搖醒千萬個太陽 4）父親嚴厲的話語幾乎把她嚇死，再也不敢說出實情。10.4 夸張 2. 語言表達習慣的差異，意譯 1) She is a girl in a million. 2)媽媽對小明說：“下次你再不及格，看我不擰斷你的脖子！” 10.5 諱飾 1.譯入語中有字面上對應的委婉語，直譯 1）On the 14th of March, at a quarter to thr

10、ee in the afternoon, the greatest living thinker ceased to think. He had been left alone for scarcely two minutes, and when we came back we found him in his armchair, peacefully gone to sleepbut forever.10.5 諱飾 2) 聽說他是剛從那里面出來的。 2.譯入語沒有字面上與原文對應的委婉語，采取功能上與之對等的委婉語，意譯。 1） The doctor was fiercely condemn

11、ed by some for what he referred to as helping people in dying. 10.5 諱飾 2) 他在回家的路上遭遇到不測。 3）May I go to the bathroom? May I use the facilities? Im going to my private office. 3. 中西方忌諱的對象不完全相同，有時采取不帶諱飾的意譯。10.5 諱飾 1）He put the dog to sleep. 2) 他先她而去了。10.6 呼告 保留原文中的強烈的抒情效果，直譯 1）And love, young men, love

12、and venerate the ideal. 2) O you kind gods, Cure this great breach in his abused nature! 3) Exult, O shores! And ring, O bells!10.6 呼告 4) 只要有無邊的大地 只要有無涯滄海 駿馬啊，任你奔騰 白鷗啊，任你翻飛 5）殘雪啊，你是丑惡勢力決不甘心退隱的明證；也是它擺脫不掉敗亡命運的象征。10.7 反語 1，為保留諷刺效果，直譯 1) You gave her good advice, and broke her heart. That was the beginn

13、ing of your reformation. 2) You and the girls may go, or you may send them by themselves, which perhaps will be still better, for as you are as handsome as any of them, Mr. Bingley might like you the best of the party.10.7 反語 3) 你感冒了？叫你多穿點你不聽，我還以為你真的不怕冷呢！ 4) 當她聽說自己被解雇了，她生氣地說：“好極了！” 2，若直譯會引起誤解時，采用意譯。

14、 1）瞧瞧你干的好事。 2）The French and the English were so ardent about art that they sent their armies to search for invaluable paintings and sculptures all around the world. 10.8 排比 1. 直譯保留原文排比的感染力和氣勢，譯文采取排比的形式。1)Voltaire waged the splendid kind of warfare. The war of thought against matter, the war of reas

15、on against prejudice, the war of the just against the unjust.2)They know their underground labor is a game of chance; a roll of the dice; a spin of the wheel. 3) 在這里，他比不上一盞街燈；比不上櫥窗里的一個仿古花瓶；比不上掛在壁上的一副亂涂的油畫；比不上掠身而過的一身紫色的衣裙；比不上眼上的藍圈，血似的紅唇；更比不上牽在女士們手中的那條小狗。 4）我不相信天是藍的； 我不相信雷的回聲； 我不相信夢是假的； 我不相信死無報應。 2. 為

16、避免單調(diào)枯燥，譯文適當調(diào)整，更具文采。 1）They are rich; they are famous; they are surrounded by the worlds most beautiful women. They are the worlds top fashion designers and trendsetters. 2) 在臺灣，每當我想起我的故鄉(xiāng)，我就一定會想起那座無名的小山，一定會想起那株古老的榕樹，也就一定會想起似乎還依然掛在那樹梢上的我的風箏。10.9 設問 1.直譯 1）Shall I compare thee to a summers day? Thou ar

17、t more lovely and more temperate. 2) And who is it that deceives the state? Surely the man who speaks not what he thinks. 3) 你知道中國最有名的人是誰？ 提起此人，人人皆曉，處處聞名。 4）有的領導哪點水平高于群眾？只是多了后臺這兩個字。10.10 反問 1. 直譯 1）Why stand we here idle? What is it that gentlemen wish? What would they have? 2) Cant you just leave m

18、e alone? 3) 你的心過去是苦的，你怎么能聞到紅葉的香味？ 4）誰愿意和手上有同志鮮血的人握手呢？ 10.11借代 1. 名詞前加簡單的說明，或用注釋說明，或用意譯。 1）Upon my word, Basil, I didnt know you were so vain; and I really cant see any resemblance between you, with your rugged strong face and your coal-black hair, and this young Adonis, who looks as if he was made o

19、ut of ivory and rose-leaves. 2) Poor Charlie! Of all the girls in the world, he should have fallen in love with the daughter of a Judas! 3) Her friends wondered how she could get along so well with this modern Don Quixote. 4) 她是我們學校的林妹妹。 5) 你說小王的女朋友？人家就是西施?。?6) 他一進大門，就聽見有人說：“秦檜來了!” 05年曲阜師范大學研究生外國語言學

20、及應用語年曲阜師范大學研究生外國語言學及應用語言學試題言學試題 V Translation. (20) 哈佛大學一向重視對中國的研究。哈佛大學一向重視對中國的研究。 貴校已故的貴校已故的費正清教授，就是畢生從事中國歷史文化研究費正清教授，就是畢生從事中國歷史文化研究的知名學者。為了有助于研究中國的歷史和現(xiàn)的知名學者。為了有助于研究中國的歷史和現(xiàn)實，我愿向貴校贈送一套新出版的實，我愿向貴校贈送一套新出版的毛澤東評毛澤東評點二十四史點二十四史。二十四史是記載中國幾千年歷。二十四史是記載中國幾千年歷史的重要典籍。毛澤東先生對二十四史做過許史的重要典籍。毛澤東先生對二十四史做過許多點評和批注，為認識中

21、國的歷史和吸取歷史多點評和批注，為認識中國的歷史和吸取歷史經(jīng)驗，留下了豐富的思想遺產(chǎn)。經(jīng)驗，留下了豐富的思想遺產(chǎn)。綜合練習 I 翻譯詞組： 1，as stupid as an owl 2, as cross as two sticks 3, as like as two peas 4, as nimble as a squirrel 5, as drunk as a lord 6, like a hen with one chick 7, like a hundred of bricks 8, like a shot 9, like greased lightning 10, like old boots As blind as an owl 瞎透了 As drunk as a boiled owl 爛醉如泥 As grave as an owl 板起面孔 Carry owls to Athens 多此一舉 Fly with the owl 習慣夜間活動 Night owl 夜游神 Take the owl 發(fā)火II 英漢段落對譯 Certainly, the first searchlight that waved above London like a sword was wonderful Later