高考語(yǔ)法填空解題技巧及專(zhuān)項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練(共9頁(yè))

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上高考語(yǔ)法填空解題技巧及專(zhuān)項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練語(yǔ)法填空是近年來(lái)高考英語(yǔ)科新推出的一種題型。這種題型能全面檢測(cè)學(xué)生在英語(yǔ)詞匯、語(yǔ)法，甚至是句法上的運(yùn)用能力，能更科學(xué)地反映學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)綜合水平。本題型分兩種情況：一種為已給單詞提示，一種為不給單詞提示。本人就這兩種情況進(jìn)行了深入的研究，總結(jié)出十三條語(yǔ)法填空的解題技巧。語(yǔ)篇型語(yǔ)法填空題的形式為：在一篇200詞左右的語(yǔ)篇（短文或?qū)υ?huà)）中留出10處空白，部分空白的后面給出單詞的基本形式，要求考生根據(jù)上下文填寫(xiě)空白處所需的內(nèi)容或所提供單詞的正確形式，所填寫(xiě)詞語(yǔ)不得多于3個(gè)單詞?？忌氺`活運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，如單詞詞性、單詞時(shí)態(tài)、名詞單復(fù)數(shù)、連接詞、代詞、

2、冠詞等判斷各空白處應(yīng)填寫(xiě)的內(nèi)容。一、給出動(dòng)詞基本形態(tài)，填寫(xiě)詞性詞形轉(zhuǎn)化(轉(zhuǎn)為名詞、形容詞)，或填寫(xiě)謂語(yǔ)部分，可能需要填寫(xiě)兩個(gè)或三個(gè)詞，或是填寫(xiě)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；二、給出形容詞，需要填寫(xiě)比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)，或詞性詞形轉(zhuǎn)化，轉(zhuǎn)化為副詞，或是填寫(xiě)反義詞(前綴)；三、給出副詞，填寫(xiě)比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)，或是填寫(xiě)反義詞；四、不給提示詞，主要填寫(xiě)介詞、連詞、冠詞和代詞。有提示詞：考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形容詞副詞無(wú)提示詞：考查冠詞介詞連詞代詞一、已給單詞提示題型的技巧 此類(lèi)題可以考查學(xué)生對(duì)單詞形式變化的掌握程度。單詞形式變化主要有兩種，一是詞的形、數(shù)、式的變化，一是詞的派生變化。在判斷出詞的變化之后還應(yīng)該進(jìn)一步審題，看是否

3、需要使用復(fù)合的變化形式，這一點(diǎn)是很重要的。技巧一：名詞形式變化。名詞的形式變化主要有單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)、所有格的變化。 例1：There are many students living at school，the(child)houses are all far from schoo1 由students-詞可以判斷出橫線處應(yīng)填復(fù)數(shù)，且作為houses的定語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)用其所有格形式，故答案為child的復(fù)合變化形式 復(fù)數(shù)的所有格childrens。 技巧二：動(dòng)詞形式變化。動(dòng)詞的形式變化比較多，有謂語(yǔ)的變化(時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣)，有非謂語(yǔ)的變化(不定式、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞)。例2：A talk(g

4、ive)tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang句中的is是整句的謂語(yǔ)，所以橫線所在的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)當(dāng)用作非謂語(yǔ)。從tomorrow可以看出，報(bào)告是“將來(lái)”作的，故用不定式；且報(bào)告是give動(dòng)作的承受者，故可以判斷出橫線所在處用give的不定式被動(dòng)式tn be given。 技巧三：代詞形式變化。代詞形式變化通常是與人稱(chēng)變化有關(guān)的三大類(lèi)五小類(lèi)，即人稱(chēng)代詞(主格和賓格)、物主代詞(形容詞性和名詞性)、反身代詞。另外還有幾個(gè)不定代詞的形式變化，如no onenone、otheranother等。例3：The king decided to see the painter

5、 by(he)由介詞bv可以看出，橫線處應(yīng)填反身代詞himself。 技巧四：形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)變化。英語(yǔ)中大部分形容詞和表方式的副詞都有原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的變化。構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的方式，或通過(guò)加后綴一er和est，或在詞前Imoreless和mostleast，且形容詞的絕對(duì)最高級(jí)還要冠以the。例4：I am (tall)than Liu WenHe is the tallest students in my class 此題后句交代了LiuWen是班上最高的學(xué)生，那“我”肯定比他矮，所以不能用taller，只能用表示程度不如的“l(fā)ess tall”。 技巧五：數(shù)詞形式變化。數(shù)詞的形式

6、變化包括基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞，或加后綴一teen、ty的變化，甚至還有作分母用的序數(shù)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式，以及onetwo的特殊變化形式。例5：To my three sons I leave my seventeen horsesMy eldest son shall take a half,my second son shall take a(three)從上下文連續(xù)起來(lái)理解，這是一個(gè)分馬的計(jì)劃，大兒子分得a half，也就是“一半”或“二分之一”，那么二兒子應(yīng)該得“三分之一”，所以要填入作分母的序數(shù)詞“third”才能命中目標(biāo)。技巧六：詞的派生。詞的派生現(xiàn)象在英語(yǔ)單詞中是很常見(jiàn)的，派生現(xiàn)象主要發(fā)生在

7、名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞四種詞中。這種題型還有可能檢測(cè)學(xué)生對(duì)詞根、前后綴、派生詞的掌握。例6：Lious lost his wallet yesterday，SO he was very_(happiness) 在這道題中，學(xué)生很容易判斷出該用形容詞，由此可知將happinessJ 成詞根h印py；錢(qián)包丟了，人應(yīng)該是不開(kāi)心的，所以要再加個(gè)前綴Hn，就成了unhappy。二、未給單詞提示題型的技巧 此類(lèi)題難度較大，但也是有方法對(duì)付的。 技巧七：固定短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)句中橫線前后及整句來(lái)判斷橫線前后是否構(gòu)成一個(gè)固定短語(yǔ)，但有時(shí)要對(duì)橫線前或后的幾個(gè)單詞“視而不見(jiàn)”才能命中答案。例7：The childr

8、en were playing on the ground，enjoying_，dirty but happy 從句中的happy可以 猜出孩子們是開(kāi)心的，所以應(yīng)用enj0y oneself短語(yǔ)，故其答案為themselves。例8：His bosswas_angry astofire him 如果“跳過(guò)”橫線后面的angry，就可以發(fā)現(xiàn)這里用到一個(gè)關(guān)聯(lián)短語(yǔ)SO?as to，所以，so是正解。 技巧八：從句引導(dǎo)詞。從句是此題型最為常見(jiàn)的一個(gè)方向，主要檢測(cè)學(xué)生對(duì)引導(dǎo)詞的掌握程度。例9：He did not done_his father had asked him to do 審題可知，橫線所在

9、為賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞，此引導(dǎo)詞在從旬中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，且指物，所以是what。例10：Those_want to go to the village must sign here 經(jīng)過(guò)觀察可以判斷橫線所在為定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞，進(jìn)一步觀察可知先行詞為those，且指人，所以只能填入who。 技巧九：短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)。短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是以動(dòng)詞為中心的兩個(gè)或多個(gè)詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)，此類(lèi)短語(yǔ)中往往是動(dòng)詞與介詞或副詞連用的多些。例11：The us consists_fifty states 根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，美國(guó)由50個(gè)州組成，故橫線處與前一詞組合，表示“由? ?組成”，所以答案是of。例12：Mrs Baker was ill，s

10、o her daughter had to ask forleave to take_of her 生病需要人照顧，所以答案是care，與前后詞構(gòu)成take care of。 技巧十：短語(yǔ)介詞結(jié)構(gòu)。短語(yǔ)介詞即多個(gè)詞的組合起介詞作用的短語(yǔ)，如：except for，due to等。例13：Mr Smithtook a planetoLondon_of taking a train 此題中說(shuō)到兩種交通工具，所以可以理解此句有“坐而不是坐”的意思，故答案為instead，以構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)instead of。例14：Justthen，he saw a blackboard in_ofhim細(xì)心觀察，可

11、以看出填人fr0nt即可構(gòu)成in front of，此題得解。 技巧十一：連詞、關(guān)聯(lián)短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。常用的連詞有and，or，but，so，for，while等，常用的關(guān)聯(lián)短語(yǔ)有bothand，eitheror，neithernor，not onlybut also等。例15：Little Wang Jun could not go to school，_his family was too poor 此處表示原因，引導(dǎo)的分句其實(shí)是一種解釋說(shuō)明，不是必然的因果關(guān)系，且前面有逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，所以填for。例16：_Marrie and Jannie like going to the theatre 橫線處

12、的詞與后面可以構(gòu)成both?and，故答案為Both。 技巧十二：冠詞、介詞和常用的副詞。冠詞只能是在a，an，the之間判斷；常用的介詞有in，at，on，before，during等，通常考查固定搭配；副詞的量還是比較多，如：however，never，yet，much等，但一般不會(huì)考查1y形式的方式副詞(見(jiàn)技巧六形容詞派生副詞的情況)。例17：Jackie likes to drive at_ high speed這里考查的是不定冠詞的習(xí)慣用法，答案為a，構(gòu)成at a high speed，“以高速”開(kāi)車(chē)。例18：Old Toms grand·daughter used to

13、visit him_Saturday afternoon Saturday afternoon是指定的某天下午，所以不用介詞in，而用on才是正解。例19：Though Liu Qiang did the same work_Zhang Wen did，hegotalowerpay_Zhang Wen 第一條橫線可由前面的the same斷出用as，第二條橫線則可由lower斷出比較意義，故答案為than。例20：It was only one day left,_，his father had no idea to answer him 觀察上下旬，可以看出是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，且橫線與前后用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)

14、，排除but，所以答案是however。 技巧十三：上下文中出現(xiàn)的相關(guān)詞。這一招是最為靈活的，但也是最難的。學(xué)生可以根據(jù)上下文關(guān)系和自己積累的知識(shí)，填入某個(gè)已出現(xiàn)的詞，或其反義詞，或其同類(lèi)的某個(gè)詞。答案的線索可能在本句，可能出現(xiàn)在上下相連的一句，還可能出現(xiàn)在比較遠(yuǎn)的地方上下段中與此段位置大體相當(dāng)?shù)木渥?。如果該橫線出現(xiàn)在某段的首句，則線索可能在上下段的首句；如果橫線出現(xiàn)在某段的末句，則線索可能在上下段的末句，以此類(lèi)推。例21：Tony_travelling abroad，but dislikes staying home watching TV 由第二句話(huà)中的dislikes可以判斷，此橫線處應(yīng)

15、該是填其反義詞likes。語(yǔ)法填空作為一種新穎的題型，能全面地考查學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)綜合應(yīng)用能力。上述十三條技巧概括了此題型的多數(shù)考查方向，在高考備考復(fù)習(xí)中能起到很好的加強(qiáng)作用，真正做到事半功倍，較大地提高學(xué)生在此題型上的得分率。附：2017年高考語(yǔ)法填空專(zhuān)題訓(xùn)練（13則） (1)Once there lived a rich man 31 wanted to do something for the people of his town. 32 first he wanted to find out whether they deserved his help. In the centre of t

16、he main road into the town, he placed 33 very large stone. Then he 34 (hide ) behind a tree and waited. Soon an old man came along with his cow. “Who put this stone in the centre of the road?” said the old man, but he did not try to remove the stone. Instead, with some difficulty he passed around th

17、e stone and continued on his way. 35 man came along and did the same thing; then another came ,and another. All of them complained about the stone but not tried to remove 36 . Late in the afternoon a young man came along. He saw the stone, 37 (say) to himself: “The night 38 (be) very dark. Some neig

18、hbors will come along later in the dark and will fall against the stone.” Then he began to move the stone. He pushed and pulled with all his 39 (strong) to move it. How great was his surprise at last! 40 the stone, he found a bag of money. Keys: 31. who 32. But 33. a 34. hid 35. Another 36. it 37. s

19、aying 38. will be 39. strength 40. Under (2)The Internet is an amazing information resource. Students, teachers, and researchers use it as _31_ investigative tool. Journalists use it to find information for stories. Doctors use it to learn more about unfamiliar diseases and the 32_ (late) medical de

20、velopment. Ordinary people use it for shopping, banking, bill-paying, and communicating with family and friends. People all over the world use it to connect with individuals from _33 countries and cultures. However, _34_there are many positive developments _35_ (associate) with the Internet, there a

21、re also certain fears and concerns. _36_ concern relates to a lack of control over_37_ appears on the Internet. With television and radio there are editors to check the accuracy or appropriateness of the content of programs, and with television there are 38 (restrict) on what kinds of programs can _

22、39_ (broadcast) and at what times of the day. With the Internet, parents cannot check a published guide to determine what is suitable _40_ their children to see.Keys: 31. an 32. latest 33.other/different 34. while 35.associated 36. One 37. what 38. restrictions 39. be broadcast(ed) 40.for (3)Crying

23、marriage? 31 (surprise), isnt it? Factually, the custom of crying marriage existed a long time ago in many areas of Southwest Chinas Sichuan Province, and 32 (remain) in fashion 33 the end of the Qing Dynasty. Though not so popular as before, the custom is still observed by people in many places, es

24、pecially Tujia people, who view it as a 34 (necessary) to marriage procedure.It is very much 35 same in different places of the province. According to elderly people, every bride had to cry at the wedding. 36 , the brides neighbors would look down upon 37 as a poorly cultivated girl and she would be

25、come the laughingstock of the village. In fact, there were cases 38 which the bride was beaten by her mother for not crying at the wedding ceremony.In a word, crying at wedding is a 39 by custom to set off the happiness of the wedding through falsely sorrowful words. However, in the 40 (arrange) mar

26、riages of the old days of China, there were indeed quite a lot of brides who cried over their unsatisfactory marriage and even their miserable life. Keys: 31. Surprising 32.remained 33. until/till 34. necessity 35. the 36. Otherwise 37. her 38. in 39. way/means 40. arranged (4)In order to know a for

27、eign language thoroughly, four things are neccessary. Firstly, we must understand the language when we hear _31_ spoken. Secondly, we must be able to speak it correctly with confidence and without hesitation. _32_ ,we must be able to read the language , and fourthly, we must be able to write it. We

28、must be able to make sentences that are grammatically correct.There is no easy way to success _33_ language learning. _34_ good memory is of great help, but it is not enough only _35_(memorize) rules from a grammar book. It is not much use learning by heart long list of words and _36_meaning, studyi

29、ng the dictionary and so on. We must learn by using the language. _37_we are satisfied with only a few rules we have memorized, we are not really learning the languang. “Learn through use” is a good piece of _38_(advise) for those _39_are studying a new language. Practice is important. We must pract

30、ise speaking and _40_(write) the language whenever we can. Keys: 31.it 32. Thirdly 33. in 34. A 35. to memorize 36. their 37. If 38. advice 39. who 40. writing (5)At one point along an open highway, I came to a crossroads with a traffic light. I was alone on the road by now, but 31 I drove up to the

31、 light, it turned red, and I braked to a halt. I look left, right, and behind me. Nothing. 32 a car, no suggestion of headlights, but there I sat, 33 (wait) the light to change, the only human being for at least a mile in any direction.I started wondering 34 I refused to run the light. I was not afr

32、aid of 35 (catch) by the police, because there was obviously no cop anywhere around and 36 certainly would have been no danger in going 37 it. Much later that night, the 38 question of why Id stopped for that light came 39 to me. I think I stopped because its part of a contract (合同) we all have with

33、 each other. Its not only the law, but its an agreement we have, and we trust each other to honor 40 : we dont go through red lights. Like most of us, Im more ready to be stopped from doing something bad by the social agreement that disapproves of it than by any law against it. Keys: 31. as / when 3

34、2. Not 33.waiting 34. why 35. being caught 36. there 37. through 38.same 39.back 40. it (6)Nowadays, millions 31 lonely singles are now going online instead. 32 World Wide Web is quickly becoming the worlds most popular matchmaker(媒人). Singles are flocking(涌向) to the Internet 33 (main) because their

35、 busy lifestyles leave them little time to look for a significant other. Using dating sites(約會(huì)網(wǎng)址) is quick and convenient. Many singles say the regular dating scene 34 (just lead) them from one bad experience to 35 and are ready to try something else. Dating sites also make 36 easy to avoid someone

36、37 you are not interested in. In the real world, 38 , ignoring someone you dont like can be difficult. Despite all the advantages, online dating also presents its own set of problems. People arent always those who they declare to be in their online 39 (describe). Safety is another concern. You are j

37、ust 40 (like) to find a criminal online as you are Mr. Or Miss Right. Keys; 31. of 32. The 33. mainly 34. has just led 35. another 36. it 37. who / whom 38. however 39. description 40. likely (7)Polar bears are suffering in a 31 (warm) world than ever before.Polar bears live in environments too cold

38、 for most animals. 32 much of the year, they live and hunt on the frozen Arctic sea ice. Nature has prepared 33 for the cold conditions. But nothing has prepared the bears for the danger that 34 (threat) the only home they know.The polar bears world is melting. Studies show that the polar ice has re

39、duced by 9.8% every 10 years 35 1978. Now about 20,000 to 25,000 polar bears live in the Arctic. Polar bears depend on the sea ice for their 36 (survive). “The sea ice is more than just this platform that the bears walk over,” says Andrew Derocher, 37 scientist who studies North American polar bear

40、populations. “ 38 it, they cant exist.”Some melting and refreezing of the polar ice is natural. 39 in a warmer world, these cycles speed up, and bears have less time to hunt. Normally, they have three months in the spring when they gain more weight. The extra fat is used later, 40 the bears are not

41、actively hunting. Keys; 31. warmer 32. For/During 33. them 34.threatens 35. since 36.survival 37. a 38. Without 39. But 40.when (8) 31 is possible that we simply do not stay in one place for a true friendship to develop. However, there can be no disagreement on the need for each of us 32 (think) car

42、efully about the kind of friendships we want. To most of us, friendships are considered 33 (importance), but need to have clear in our own minds 34 kinds of friendships we want .Are they to be close or 35 (keep) at arms length? Do we want to share ourselves or do we want to walk on the surface? For

43、some people, many friendships on the surface are quite enoughand thats all right .But at some point we need to make sure that our expectations are the same as our 36 (friend)expectations. If one wants more from the friendship than the other, 37 if this is not talked about, one is likely at last to f

44、ell that hes holding the short end of the stick. The sharing of personal experience 38 (include) our tears as well as our dark dreams 39 (be) the surest way to deepen friendships. But it must be undertaken slowly and carried on only if there signs of interest and action 40 return. Keys: 31. It 32. t

45、o think 33. important 34.the 35. kept 36.friends 37. and 38. including 39.is 40. in (9) Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the student. 31_ a long reading assignment is given, instructors expect students to be familiar with 32_ (inform) in the reading even if they

46、do not discuss it in class or take an examination. The ideal student is considered to be one who is motivated to learn for the sake of learning, not the one interested only in getting high grades. Sometimes homework is returned 33_ brief written comments but without a grade. Even if a grade is not g

47、iven, the student is 34_(responsibility) for learning the material assigned. When research 35_( assign), the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with minimum guidance. It is the student's responsibility to find books, magazines, and articles in the library. Profe

48、ssors do not have the time to explain 36_ a university library works; they expect students, 37_(special) graduate students, to be able to exhaust the reference origins in the library. Professors will help students who need it, but prefer that their students should not be too dependent on them. In th

49、e United States, professors have many other duties 38 _ teaching, such as administrative or research work. Therefore, the time 39_ a professor can spend with a student outside of class 40_( limit). If a student has problems with classroom work, the student should either approach a professor during o

50、ffice hours or make an appointment. Keys: 31. If / When 32. information 33. with 34. responsible 35. is assigned 36. how 37. particularly/especially 38. besides 39. which/ that 40. is limited (10)This is a true story which happened in the States. A man came out of his home to admire his new truck. T

51、o his 31 (puzzle), his three-year-old son was 32 (happy) hammering dents(凹痕) into the shiny paint of the truck. The man ran to his son, knocked him away, hammered the little boy's hands into pulp(果漿汁) as 33 (punish). When the father calmed down, he rushed his son to the hospital. 34 the doctor t

52、ried desperately to save the crushed bones, he finally had to cut the fingers from both the boy's hands. When the boy 35 (wake) up from the operation and saw his bandaged stubs, he innocently said, “Daddy, I'm sorry about your truck.” Then he asked, “ 36 when are my fingers going to grow back?”The father went home and committed suicide.Think about this story 37 next time someone steps on your feet or you wish to take revenge. Think first 38 you lose your patience with someone you love. Trucks can 39 (repa