2021醫(yī)學(xué)考研復(fù)試：內(nèi)分泌系統(tǒng)[SC長(zhǎng)難句翻譯文]

1、木倉(cāng)醫(yī)學(xué)考研復(fù)試SCI 長(zhǎng)難句量的甲狀腺激素。 知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)： hyper- thyroid -ism gland toxicosis irrespective nodular goitre -itis內(nèi)分泌第一章甲亢的病因Hyperthyroidism is characterised by increased thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion from the thyroid gland, whereas thyrotoxicosis refers to the clinical syndrome of excess circulating th

2、yroid hormones, irrespective of the source.The most common causeof hyperthyroidism is Graves' disease,followed by toxic nodular goitre. Other important causes of thyrotoxicosis include thyroiditis, iodine-induced and drug-induced thyroid dysfunction, and factitious ingestion of excessthyroid hor

3、mones.甲狀腺機(jī)能亢進(jìn)癥的特征是甲狀腺激素合成和分泌的增加， 而甲狀腺毒癥則 指甲狀腺激素在循環(huán)內(nèi)過多（引起的）臨床癥狀，與來(lái)源無(wú)關(guān)。甲狀腺機(jī)能亢進(jìn) 癥最常見的病因是 Graves 病，其次是毒性結(jié)節(jié)性甲狀腺腫。其他引起甲狀腺毒 癥的重要原因包括甲狀腺炎， 碘和藥物引起的甲狀腺功能障礙， 以及人為攝入過前綴，高 .n. 甲狀腺 后綴， . 癥n. 腺體n. 中毒adj. 不管的，不顧的 adj. 結(jié)節(jié)的n. 甲狀腺腫后綴， . 炎Syndrome: Where and Howto Find It. Front Horm內(nèi)分泌第二章甲減The definition of hypothyroi

4、dism is based on statistical reference rangesof the relevant biochemical parametersand is increasingly a matter of debate. Clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism range from life threatening to no signs or symptoms. The most common symptoms in adults are fatigue, lethargy, cold intolerance, weight

5、 gain, constipation, changein voice, anddry skin, but clinical presentationcan differ with age and sex, among other factors.前綴，低 .adj. 統(tǒng)計(jì)的n. 參數(shù)n. 臨床表現(xiàn)n. 疲勞n. 倦怠n. 便秘n. 甲狀腺腫 后綴， . 炎甲狀腺功能減退癥的定義是基于相關(guān)生化參數(shù)的統(tǒng)計(jì)參考范圍（制定的） ， 但是引起了越來(lái)越多的爭(zhēng)論。 甲狀腺功能減退癥的臨床表現(xiàn)從危及生命到?jīng)]有任 何體征或癥狀。成人最常見的癥狀是疲勞、嗜睡、怕冷、體重增加、便秘、聲音 變化和皮膚干燥，但臨床表

6、現(xiàn)可能因年齡和性別等因素（的不同）而不同。 知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)： hypo- statistical parameter clinical manifestation fatigue lethargy constipation goitre -itis內(nèi)分泌第三章糖尿病Diabetes mellitus comprisesof a group of heterogeneousdisorders,which have an increasein blood glucose concentrationsin common. The current classifications for diabetes

7、mellitus type 1-4 are described and the main features of type 1 and type 2 diabetes are compared to allow for better discrimination between thesediabetestypes. Furthermore, the criteria for the correct biochemical diagnosis during fasting and oral glucose tolerance tests as well as the use of hemogl

8、obin A1c (HbA1c) are summarized.糖尿病由一組異質(zhì)性疾病組成，其共同特點(diǎn)是血糖濃度升高。 (本文對(duì))目 前糖尿病 1-4 型的分類進(jìn)行了描述，并對(duì) 1 型和 2 型糖尿病的主要特征進(jìn)行了 比較，以便更好地區(qū)分這些糖尿病類型。 此外，還總結(jié)了空腹血糖和口服糖耐量 試驗(yàn)中正確生化診斷的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以及糖化血紅蛋白 (HbA1c) 的使用。糖尿病 前綴，異 .n. 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，條件adj. 生物化學(xué)的n. 空腹 /adj. 禁食的 口服糖耐量試驗(yàn) 前綴，血的 .n. 球蛋白知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)： diabetes mellitus heter ( o )- criteria biochemic

9、al fasting oral glucose tolerance tests hemo-globinDebono M, Newell-Price JD.Cushing's Syndrome: Where and Howto Find It. Front HormRes. 2016;46:15-27.木倉(cāng)醫(yī)學(xué)考研復(fù)試SCI 長(zhǎng)難句內(nèi)分泌第四章激素替代治療Natural aging brings reduced production of growth and sex hormones, beginning in middle age, with noticeable physiolog

10、ic changes by the sixth or seventh decadeof life: reduced muscle mass,energy,and exercise capacity and alterations in sexual function. Hormones and hormone precursorshave been investigated to delay changesin body composition, strength, and physical and cognitive function. Menopausal hormone therapy

11、is effective for vasomotor and genitourinary symptoms. Testosterone is effective in men with hypogonadismand declines in physiologic function.自然衰老使產(chǎn)生的生長(zhǎng)激素和性激素減少。 從中年開始， 在生命的第六或第七 個(gè)十年就會(huì)出現(xiàn)明顯的生理變化： 肌肉質(zhì)量、 能量、運(yùn)動(dòng)能力和性功能會(huì)出現(xiàn)改 變。激素和激素前體已經(jīng)被研究用于延緩身體組成、 力量、身體和認(rèn)知功能的變 化。絕經(jīng)激素治療對(duì)血管舒縮和泌尿生殖系統(tǒng)癥狀有效。 睪酮對(duì)性腺功能低下和 生理功能下降的男性有效。知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)： physiologicadj.身體的 massn.質(zhì)量 precursorn.前體 menopausaladj.絕經(jīng)期的，更年期的 vasomotoradj.血管收縮的 genitourinaryadj.泌尿生殖器的 testosteronen.睪酮 gonadn.性腺Williams BR,