高三英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)資料語(yǔ)法課件非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞備課講稿

1、高三英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)資料語(yǔ)法課件非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞2.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的分類非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的分類 不定式不定式(infinitive) 分詞（分詞（participle） 動(dòng)名詞（動(dòng)名詞（gerund） 3.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn) 1) 不能單獨(dú)做謂語(yǔ)，但可和助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)做謂語(yǔ)，但可和助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 組成謂語(yǔ)。組成謂語(yǔ)。 You ought to have been here yesterday. 2) 具有動(dòng)詞的特征，可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。具有動(dòng)詞的特征，可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。 The Party called on us to serve the people .3) 連系動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)

2、詞形式后還可以帶表語(yǔ)。連系動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式后還可以帶表語(yǔ)。 The students ran out of the classroom, laughing merrily .To be frank, your plan is not practicable. 主主語(yǔ)語(yǔ)表表語(yǔ)語(yǔ)賓賓語(yǔ)語(yǔ)定定語(yǔ)語(yǔ)補(bǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)語(yǔ)狀狀語(yǔ)語(yǔ) to do -ing form ppeg. I like skating,but I dont like to skate today. Playing with fire is dangerous. Look out！To play with fire is dangerous.eg

3、. There is no joking about such matters.主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) to do 表示具體的動(dòng)作，表示具體的動(dòng)作， -ing form 表示泛指的動(dòng)作。表示泛指的動(dòng)作。2.“there is no +主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)”句型中，多用句型中，多用-ing form.Theres no saying what hell be doing next.Theres no telling what hes going to do.3. 不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，往往放在謂語(yǔ)不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，往往放在謂語(yǔ)之后，用之后，用 it 作形式主語(yǔ)。作形式主語(yǔ)。 It is right to give up

4、smoking. It made me very happy to hear her talk about it. 【注意【注意1】It is + adj + for sb to do sthIt is + adj + of sb to do sth（for 引出動(dòng)作發(fā)出者）引出動(dòng)作發(fā)出者）（of 引出引出 adj 修飾的對(duì)象）修飾的對(duì)象）主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)It is no use / good doing【注意【注意2】 It is easy for me to finish this work before ten. It is a great honor for us to be present

5、at your birthday party. It is very kind of you to give me some help.Its impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.注意：注意：常用在常用在 of 句型中的句型中的 adj 有：有： kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, foolish, cruel, careless, stupid, naughty, polite, impolite, silly, wrong, brave, honest, noble，right, r

6、ude等等 You are very kind to give me some help.You are impolite to speak to the teacher like that.主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)nThe officers narrowly escaped_ in the hot battle.A. have killed B. to kill C. to be killed D. being killedn Dont you remember_ the man before?A. seeing B. to see C. saw D. to have seenn“Have you deci

7、ded when_?” “Yes, tomorrow morning.”A. to be leaving B. to leave C. will you leave D. are you leavingnShe _ me when I passed by.A. didnt pretend to see B. pretended not seeingC. pretended not to seeD. pretended to have not seen賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ) 注意：注意：不定式短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果還帶有不定式短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果還帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，往往，往往把不定式賓語(yǔ)放在賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)

8、足語(yǔ)之后，而用把不定式賓語(yǔ)放在賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之后，而用 it 作作 形式賓語(yǔ)形式賓語(yǔ)。 I find / feel it interesting to work with him find / think / feel / make / consider it +adj / n + to do sth. My teacher made it a rule only to speak English in class. 考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)一: demand, want, expect, promise, determine, refuse, offer, fail, manage, learn, agree

9、, seem, hope, decide, prepare, pretend, wish, start, afford 等等 + to do考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)二: admit，appreciate，avoid，consider, delay, deny, enjoy，escape, excuse，face，fancy (設(shè)想設(shè)想), feel like，finish，forgive，give up, imagine，include，keep，mention，mind，miss，pardon, practise，put off，resist, risk，suggest，cant help，cant st

10、and (無(wú)法忍受無(wú)法忍受) 等等 + doing賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ) like, love, hate, prefer, begin, start, continue, intend + doing / to do begin to know / understand / realize 考點(diǎn)三：考點(diǎn)三：forget，remember，regret ， go on，like，mean， stop，try 等動(dòng)詞可帶動(dòng)名詞或不定式等動(dòng)詞可帶動(dòng)名詞或不定式作賓語(yǔ)，但意義上有區(qū)別。作賓語(yǔ)，但意義上有區(qū)別。 I remember doing the exercise. I must remember to do

11、 it. I mean to come early today. Missing the train means waiting for another hour我我記得做過(guò)記得做過(guò)練習(xí)練習(xí) 我必須我必須記記得去得去做做這事這事我我打算打算今早些來(lái)今早些來(lái)誤了這趟火車誤了這趟火車意味著意味著再等一個(gè)小時(shí)再等一個(gè)小時(shí)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ) regret to say / tell / inform 考點(diǎn)四：考點(diǎn)四： allow，advise，forbid，permit + doing allow，advise，forbid，permit + sb to do be allowed / advised / fo

12、rbidden / permitted + to do We dont allow _here. We don t allow students_. Students are not allow _.smokingto smoke賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ) to smoke 考點(diǎn)五：考點(diǎn)五：在短語(yǔ)在短語(yǔ) devote to，look forward to，stick to, be used to，object to， get down to, be ( kept) busy，be worth, have difficulty trouble problem (in)，have a good wonderful

13、hard time (in) + doing例如：例如：I look forward to _from you soon.hearing考點(diǎn)六：考點(diǎn)六：動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞 need，require，want 作作“需要需要”解，解， + doing to be done The window requires _. _. cleaningto be cleaned賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ) 1.The story was _,we were all _. A. moving, moving B. moved, moved C. moving, moved D. moved, moving2.There is a _ ex

14、pression on his face. Maybe the problem is too difficult for him. A. puzzled B. puzzling C. puzzle D. to puzzle3.With his son too_, the father was sad. A. disappointed B. disappointing定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)eg. He attends the meeting being held in the room now. He attended the meeting held yesterday. He will att

15、end the meeting to be held tomorrow.2.表示被修飾詞的內(nèi)容時(shí)，表示被修飾詞的內(nèi)容時(shí)， 用用to do.eg. She has a strong wish to go to college. the way / chance / ability / right / willingness to do1. 從時(shí)態(tài)上看，從時(shí)態(tài)上看，-ing form 表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作, pp表示已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作表示已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作, to do表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)注意：不定式動(dòng)詞在介詞注意：不定式動(dòng)詞在介詞but，except，besides后

16、面時(shí)，后面時(shí)，如果這些介詞之前有如果這些介詞之前有行為動(dòng)詞行為動(dòng)詞do的各種形式，那么，這的各種形式，那么，這些介詞后的不定式些介詞后的不定式不帶不帶to，否則要，否則要帶帶to。 She could do nothing but cry What do you like to do besides swim? I have no choice but to go 3. I have some books for you to read. He is looking for a room to live in There is nothing to worry about 定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ) singi

17、ng competition swimming pool dining car opening speech drinking cup living room typing paper waiting room writing desk washing machine frying-pan sleeping-pill walking stick teaching method動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)表示被修飾名詞的動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)表示被修飾名詞的用途用途定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)eg. I found him _the money. (steal)I found the money _.When he ca

18、me to himself, he found himself _by an old lady. ( look after)I often hear Mary _this English song. -ing form與賓語(yǔ)為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；與賓語(yǔ)為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行； pp與賓語(yǔ)為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成；與賓語(yǔ)為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成； (to) do只單純表示一個(gè)事實(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的全過(guò)程。只單純表示一個(gè)事實(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的全過(guò)程。補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)stealing stolen being looked aftersing 注意注意2：在在 feel，hear，listen

19、 to，look at，notice，observe，see，watch，have，1et，make 等詞后的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)中，不定式不帶等詞后的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)中，不定式不帶to。但是這些句中如果變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，就必須帶。但是這些句中如果變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，就必須帶to。 注意注意1： ask, advise, allow, permit, get, beg, cause, command, order, force, oblige, encourage, instruct, remind, warn, want, wish, expect, prefer, would like, call on, depend

20、 on, ask for, wait for, help + sb to doI often hear him sing the song He is often heard to sing the song 補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 注意注意3：catch, keep, mind, prevent, remember, stop, start, smell, excuse, send, fancy + sb doing例如：例如： She caught her son smoking a cigarette. Wed better keep the fire burning. I dont mind y

21、ou joking. I like it. The heavy rain prevented us coming here on time. We must try to stop them getting into trouble. I dont remember him ever saying anything like that. His words started me thinking seriously. Can you smell something burning? The earthquake sent the china and glass crashing to the

22、ground. 補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)作作狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別：時(shí)的區(qū)別：-ing / pp 表示表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、方式、時(shí)間、原因、條件、方式、伴隨情況伴隨情況等等等等,eg. They worked hard to pay for the necklace. I went to see him only to find him out. I am glad to see you.to do 表示表示 1. 目的目的; 2. 結(jié)果結(jié)果表示出人預(yù)料的情況或結(jié)表示出人預(yù)料的情況或結(jié) 果。常用果。常用only強(qiáng)調(diào)。強(qiáng)調(diào)。 3. 原因原因表示造成情感變化的原因。表示造成情感變化的原因。目的目的結(jié)果結(jié)果原因原因

23、狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)In order to pass the exam，he worked very hard We ran all the way so as not to be late 2. 在作表語(yǔ)用的形容詞后面作狀語(yǔ)。在作表語(yǔ)用的形容詞后面作狀語(yǔ)。 I am very glad to hear it. The question is difficult to answer 3. too + adj/adv + to do 作狀語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ) He is too old to do that 4. enough + adj/adv + to do 作狀語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ) The room is big enoug

24、h to hold us 1. 目的狀語(yǔ)目的狀語(yǔ): in order to 或或 so as toto do 作作狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)的其它幾種情況的其它幾種情況:5. so / such as to do 表結(jié)果表結(jié)果He was so angry as to be unable to speak.I am not such a fool as to believe you. -ing form 與與 pp 作狀語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ) 現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞(短語(yǔ)短語(yǔ))與與過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ)短語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ), 表示表示時(shí)間、原因、時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況結(jié)果、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況 等。等。

25、When leaving the airport, they waved again and again to us. United, we stand; divided, we fall. (=When / If we are united ) Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.Climbing to the top of the tower, we saw a magnificent view.(1)表示時(shí)間表示時(shí)間(2)表示原因表示原因 Being sick, I stayed at home. She caught co

26、ld sitting on the grass.(3)表示條件表示條件Adopting this method, we will raise the average yield（產(chǎn)量）（產(chǎn)量） by 40 percent.We will not attack unless attacked.Even if invited, I wont go.(4)表示讓步表示讓步Admitting what she has said, I still think that she hasnt tried her best.(5)表示結(jié)果表示結(jié)果It rained heavily, causing sever

27、e flooding in that country.It rained for two weeks on end, completely ruining our holiday.(6)表示方式或伴隨情況表示方式或伴隨情況He ran up to her breathing heavily.Please fill in the form, giving your name,addressSurrounded by a group of pupils, the old teacher walked into the room.分詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)分詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)： 與主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)同時(shí)，應(yīng)用

28、應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞。 分詞作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如果先于主動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作，且分詞作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如果先于主動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作，且強(qiáng)調(diào)強(qiáng)調(diào)先后先后， 要用要用 having done。1) The secretary worked late into the night, _a long speech for the president. A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing2）_ a reply, he decided to write again. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having re

29、ceived D. Having not received3）_in the university for 3 years, he knows the way very wellBCHaving studied_by the teacher，Li Ming gave up smoking A. Having been criticized B. Being Criticized C. Criticized D. Having criticized Waiting for a bus, _. A. a brick fell on my head B. A little girl came to

30、talk with me. C. I was hit by a brick on the head D. I was hit by a brick on my headAC 分詞作分詞作插入語(yǔ)插入語(yǔ) 或或 轉(zhuǎn)化為轉(zhuǎn)化為介詞介詞和和連詞連詞 其結(jié)構(gòu)是固定的，意思上的主語(yǔ)并不是句子的主語(yǔ)。其結(jié)構(gòu)是固定的，意思上的主語(yǔ)并不是句子的主語(yǔ)。generally speaking一般說(shuō)來(lái)一般說(shuō)來(lái)talking of (speaking of) 說(shuō)道說(shuō)道 strictly speaking 嚴(yán)格的說(shuō)嚴(yán)格的說(shuō)judging from 從從判斷判斷 all things considered 從整體來(lái)看從整體來(lái)看

31、taking all things into consideration全面看來(lái)全面看來(lái) given / considering 考慮到考慮到 supposing , provided, providing 假若假若 例如：例如：Given his age, he did very well. Supposing she doesnt come, what shall we do?動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式作插入語(yǔ)作插入語(yǔ)表明說(shuō)話人的立場(chǎng)或態(tài)度表明說(shuō)話人的立場(chǎng)或態(tài)度, 在句中作獨(dú)立成分。在句中作獨(dú)立成分。to be honest / frank / fair / ； to tell you the

32、truth;to begin / start with ； to cut / make a long story short; to get (back) to the point ； to make things / matters worse; to put it another way ； not to speak of eg.To be honest, I have never heard of Winston Churchill. He knows English and French, not to speak of German.He decided He decided not

33、 tonot to do it. do it.She wished She wished never tonever to see him again. see him again.Not seeingNot seeing John,I asked where he was. John,I asked where he was.Not having doneNot having done it right, I tried again. it right, I tried again.His not comingHis not coming made me a little angry. made me a little angry.-ing form -ing form 與與 pp pp 的區(qū)別的區(qū)別-ing form -ing form 表示主動(dòng)，正在進(jìn)行表示主動(dòng)，正