定語(yǔ)從句 (4)

1、定語(yǔ)從句 定語(yǔ)從句的基本知識(shí)定語(yǔ)從句的基本知識(shí)1.1.定義定義： 修飾修飾 限制某一名詞或代詞的句子為定語(yǔ)從句。一般限制某一名詞或代詞的句子為定語(yǔ)從句。一般翻譯為翻譯為:“:“的的”。2.2.先行詞先行詞：被修飾的名詞或代詞為先行詞。被修飾的名詞或代詞為先行詞。3.3.位置位置： 放在被修飾名詞或代詞的后面。放在被修飾名詞或代詞的后面。4.4.關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞：定語(yǔ)從句必須有一個(gè)關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)，定語(yǔ)從句必須有一個(gè)關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系關(guān)系代詞代詞和和關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞兩類(lèi)，兩類(lèi)，但關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省去。但關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省去。 關(guān)系詞之間的區(qū)別請(qǐng)看下面兩幅圖。關(guān)系詞之間的區(qū)別請(qǐng)看下

2、面兩幅圖。 圖圖: 關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞 在定語(yǔ)從句中主語(yǔ)在定語(yǔ)從句中主語(yǔ), ,賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ), ,表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)whowhomwhichthataswhose人人人人物物 人人物物人人物物人人物物主主賓賓表表賓賓主主賓賓表表主主賓賓表表主主賓賓表表定定圖：圖：關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞 在定語(yǔ)從句中僅作狀語(yǔ)在定語(yǔ)從句中僅作狀語(yǔ)when wherewhy時(shí)間詞時(shí)間詞 地點(diǎn)詞地點(diǎn)詞原因詞原因詞時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)原因狀語(yǔ)原因狀語(yǔ)注意：注意： 一定要在理解的基礎(chǔ)上記憶關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定一定要在理解的基礎(chǔ)上記憶關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中所作的成分。語(yǔ)從句中所作的成分。 what what 不能

3、引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句, 但能引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。但能引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。 that不可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。不可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不需要賓語(yǔ)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不需要賓語(yǔ)。關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞thatthat不能作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。不能作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。定語(yǔ)從句類(lèi)型定語(yǔ)從句類(lèi)型定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句The Restrictive Attributive Clause限制性定語(yǔ)從句限制性定語(yǔ)從句The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause非限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句限制性定語(yǔ)從句的構(gòu)成限制性定語(yǔ)從句的構(gòu)成The man who lives next to u

4、s sells vegetables.You must do everything that I do.I have found the book which I lost.I visited the school where I studied.關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞+句子成分句子成分 關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞+句子句子成分成分 注意事項(xiàng)注意事項(xiàng):1.從句的位置從句的位置:2.翻譯方法翻譯方法:3.構(gòu)成：構(gòu)成：先行詞先行詞 之后之后“.的的”關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞Teachers who are kind are popular with the students.Mr Wang, who is kind, is

5、popular with the students.分析兩種定語(yǔ)從句省略后的結(jié)果分析兩種定語(yǔ)從句省略后的結(jié)果先行詞和關(guān)系詞的關(guān)系：先行詞和關(guān)系詞的關(guān)系：1 1關(guān)系詞代關(guān)系詞代替先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)句子成分。替先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)句子成分。2 2 關(guān)系詞起引導(dǎo)從句的作用關(guān)系詞起引導(dǎo)從句的作用A plane is a machine that can fly. The boy who broke the window is called Tom.The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather.The school

6、 where I study is far from my home.the machine = thatthe boy =whothe boys =whosein the school = where關(guān)系代詞實(shí)際上是先行詞的復(fù)指關(guān)系代詞實(shí)際上是先行詞的復(fù)指關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞whose實(shí)際上是先行詞的所有格實(shí)際上是先行詞的所有格關(guān)系副詞實(shí)際上是介詞先行詞關(guān)系副詞實(shí)際上是介詞先行詞Join the following sentences:A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.先行詞和關(guān)系詞的關(guān)系先行詞和關(guān)系詞的關(guān)系Join the following se

7、ntences:A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.A plane is can fly.關(guān)系代詞的實(shí)質(zhì)關(guān)系代詞的實(shí)質(zhì)the machinea machineJoin the following sentences:A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.A plane is can fly.關(guān)系代詞的實(shí)質(zhì)關(guān)系代詞的實(shí)質(zhì)a machine that /which關(guān)系代詞的用法練關(guān)系代詞的用法練習(xí)習(xí)1.The eggs were not fresh. I bought them yesterday.2.T

8、he friend was not hungry. He came to supper last night.3.He prefers the cheese. It comes from his parents farm. The eggs (that/which) I bought them were not fresh. The friend who/ that he came to supper last night was not hungry. .He prefers the cheese that / which it comes from his parents farm.4.T

9、he noodles were delicious. You cooked them. 5.I dont like the people. They smoke a lot. The noodles( which/ that )you cooked them were delicious.I dont like the people that / who they smoke a lot.He worked in a factory.An accident happened there ten years before.He worked in a factory an accident ha

10、ppened there ten years before.therethereHe worked in a factory an accident happenedten years before.where關(guān)系副詞和先行詞的關(guān)系關(guān)系副詞和先行詞的關(guān)系關(guān)系副詞和先行詞的關(guān)系關(guān)系副詞和先行詞的關(guān)系I still remember the day when I came here. This is the house where I lived last year. There are many reasons why people like traveling. I dont like the

11、 way that you speak. on the day =whenin the house= wherefor the reasons =whyin the way =that=in which關(guān)系副詞實(shí)際上是介詞先行詞關(guān)系副詞實(shí)際上是介詞先行詞1.Ill never forget the days_ we workedtogether. 2.Ill never forget the days _ we spent together. 3.I went to the place I worked ten years ago. when /in which(Whichthat)where

12、/ in which幾種易混的情況幾種易混的情況及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞4.I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago. 5.This is the reason _ he was late. 6.This is the reason _ he gave. Whichthatwhy/ for whichthat/which難用的難用的 whoseThe teacher praised the student. His English is the best in our class.The teacher prai

13、sed the student whose English is the best in our class.Join the following pair of sentences.whose =the students關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞whose實(shí)際上是先行詞的所有格實(shí)際上是先行詞的所有格難用的難用的 whoseThe house is mine. The window of the house is broken.Join the following pair of sentences.The house whose window is broken is mine. whose=the ho

14、uses windowThe house is mine.the window of which is brokenof which the window is brokenas 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句The earth is round._ is known to all.The earth is round,_ is known to all._ is known to all, the earth is round_ is known to all that the earth is round.Itwhich/ as AsItas 具有正如之意，與之搭配的動(dòng)詞一般

15、是固定的，如：具有正如之意，與之搭配的動(dòng)詞一般是固定的，如：as you know/ as you see/as we planned/as we expected定語(yǔ)從句在句首時(shí)只能用定語(yǔ)從句在句首時(shí)只能用as,as 引導(dǎo)的限制性定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)的限制性定語(yǔ)從句 (1)This is the same book as I lost.This is the same book that I lost.Please compare:這本書(shū)和我丟的那本一模一樣。這本書(shū)和我丟的那本一模一樣。這本書(shū)就是我丟的那本。這本書(shū)就是我丟的那本。as 引導(dǎo)的限制性定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)的限制性定語(yǔ)從句 (2)This is

16、such an interesting book _ we all like.This is so interesting a book _ we all like.This is such an interesting book _we all like it.This is so interesting a book _we all like it.asthatPlease complete the following sentences and compare:asthat這是大家都喜歡的如此有趣的一本書(shū)。這是大家都喜歡的如此有趣的一本書(shū)。(定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句)這本書(shū)如此有趣，大家都喜歡。

17、這本書(shū)如此有趣，大家都喜歡。(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句)This is an interesting book _ we all like.(thatwhich)1.He did all / everything _he could to help me.2.This is the very thing _ I am after.3.We talked about the men and the things _ we remembered at school.4.He is the only man _ can do the work.5.This is the first thing _

18、I want to say.6.He is the finest man _ I have ever worked with.7.Who is the man _ spoke to you at the gate?8.Which is the star _ is nearest to the earth?that , which or who?thatthatthatthatthatthatthatthatthat , which ,whose, whom or who?9.Is there anything else _ you want to say?10.Any person _ has

19、 the money can join the group.11.He often speaks the role he played in the play, _ made others upset.12.He opened the door, in front of _ sat a boy.13.The man to _ I spoke is a famous scientist.14.The boy _ mother is dead was brought up by his father.thatthatwhichwhich whomwhoseExercises (1). Jim passed the driving test, _ surprised everybody in the office. A. which B. that C. this D. it (2). We will be shown around the